Galectin-1

LGALS1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GZW, 1W6M, 1W6N, 1W6O, 1W6P, 1W6Q, 2KM2, 2ZKN, 3OY8, 3OYW, 3T2T, 3W58, 3W59, 4XBL, 4Q27, 4Q1R, 4Q1P, 4Q2F, 4Q26, 4Y24, 4Y1Z, 4Y22, 4Y20, 4Y1U, 4Y1X, 4Y1Y, 4Y1V
Identifiers
Aliases	LGALS1, GAL1, GBP, galectin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 150570; MGI: 96777; HomoloGene: 7399; GeneCards: LGALS1; OMA:LGALS1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human) Band 22q13.1 Start 37,675,636 bp End 37,679,802 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse) Band 15 E1|15 37.7 cM Start 78,810,925 bp End 78,814,665 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium decidua Descending thoracic aorta ascending aorta spinal ganglia periodontal fiber body of uterus myometrium left coronary artery trigeminal ganglion Top expressed in endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel dermis efferent ductule vas deferens internal carotid artery calvaria condyle ascending aorta external carotid artery fossa More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein homodimerization activity lactose binding signal transducer activity laminin binding carbohydrate binding RNA binding protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular matrix intracellular anatomical structure cell surface extracellular exosome nucleus extracellular space cytosol endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular region Biological process negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of neuron projection development T cell costimulation cellular response to organic cyclic compound positive regulation of viral entry into host cell plasma cell differentiation positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation response to axon injury positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation myoblast differentiation cellular response to glucose stimulus apoptotic process signal transduction response to isolation stress post-translational protein modification Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3956 16852 Ensembl ENSG00000100097 ENSMUSG00000068220 UniProt P09382 P16045 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002305 NM_008495 RefSeq (protein) NP_002296 NP_032521 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 37.68 – 37.68 Mb Chr 15: 78.81 – 78.81 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Galectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS1 gene.

Gene and protein

LGALS1 contains four exons. The galectin-1 protein is 135 amino acids in length and highly conserved across species. It can be found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, the cell surface and in the extracellular space. Galectins in general lack a traditional signal sequence, but are still secreted across the plasma membrane. This non-traditional secretion requires a functional glycan binding site. Galectin 1 contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain through which it can bind glycans both as a monomer and as a homodimer. Dimers are non-covalently bound and will spontaneously disassociate in low concentration. Galectin 1 does not bind glycans when oxidized. Having 6 cysteine residues, the oxidation state has a significant effect on the protein structure. The oxidized form is reported to have alternative functions not involving carbohydrate binding.

Function

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Galectin-1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. Galectin-1 expression in Hodgkin Lymphoma has also been shown to mediate immunosuppression of CD8+ T-cells.

It has been linked to the inflammatory process in HIV individuals, and some research suggest that Gal-1 could be related to the HIV-1 latency.

Role in pregnancy

Galectin-1 is thought to play a role in creating immune tolerance in pregnancy. Galectin-1 is expressed by the endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle, however significantly increases during implantation. Galectin-1 induces the differentiation of Dendritic cells towards a phenotype which dampens T helper 1 cells and T helper 17 cells and dampens inflammation via interleukin-10 and interleukin-27. It also plays a role in the formation and expression of HLA-G in the syncytium.

Interactions

LGALS1 has been shown to interact with GEMIN4 HRAS.

See also

• Galectin

Further reading

• Barondes SH, Cooper DN, Gitt MA, Leffler H (August 1994). "Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (33): 20807–20810. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31891-4. PMID 8063692.