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English: Cis- and trans-isomers of Proline. Due to its partial double bond character, rotation around the blue bond (peptide bond) is restricted. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) catalyses cis-trans-isomerisation by lowering the partial double bond character of the peptide bond. The correct cis / trans configuration of proline is relevant in protein folding.
Reference: Wedemeyer WJ, Welker E, Scheraga HA (2002). "Proline cis-trans isomerization and protein folding". Biochemistry 41 (50): 14637–44. DOI:10.1021/bi020574b. PMID 12475212.
The descriptors cis and trans refer to the relative position of the Cα atoms (marked red). The dihedral angle of the peptide bond (blue) is also known as ω.
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