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Oven farmer Stove, known as "oven Farmer" or "Annamirl"

Origin: Gasthaus grain Inger, Münzbach at Perg, Upper Austria

Dating: between 1767 and 1780

Acquisition: Dedication of Ernst Polack, Imperial Council in Vienna, 1917

Material: Earthenware, breech loading furnace in rollover technology

Mass: H = 169 cm, D = 86 cm

Description

With the redesign of the permanent collection of the Austrian Museum of Ethnology in Vienna in 1994, a unique exhibit came in with "Rural pride" titled chamber 24 there is a sculptured ceramic figure in the shape and height of a woman. The feet are in black loafers and my calves are covered with white stockings. Known as "Annamirl" figure wearing a knee-length black "body (l) apron", the bodice and skirt together. the baroque idea of ​​female beauty ideal according to the coat at the waist by so-called "Lendenwülste" expanded. The pleated skirt is covered with a white apron. The costume is completed by a green bodice with bright laces and black edged chest panel. The white blouse has a black collar and cuffs wearing puffy sleeves of a black stocking. A black cloth is tied around the neck, under the chin, it forms a loop, the ends of which stuck in my breast pocket. The right hand holds a handkerchief and is supported on the hip, the left hand is raised and remains protectively in front of the head load. The head with a ruddy face covered a black headscarf tied at the neck. A braided handle and filled with fruit basket rests on the head.

History / Origin

The figure furnace has the form of a woman in whose belly the fire is burning and the body loses heat. The figure is thus a metaphor for the female being the epitome of domesticity and oven heat. Equipped with the attribute of the filled fruit basket "Annamirl" is the allegorical representation of the "Autumn" with its fertile income.

The figure oven is named after his firing technique "breech loading oven." Such was originally from the next room, usually fired from the hallway. The female figure stands on a steel plate, which is mounted in the amount of the lower coat edge, and also forms the floor of the furnace. The furnace consists of eleven different shaped ceramic parts produced in the so-called envelope or rollover technology. Here, a layer of clay is placed over a wooden frame, so to speak, "folded" or "turned over", the furnace is modeled in one piece, is before the fire He cut up into parts and only when setting reunited. The figure comes from the northern Upper Austria and indeed from Adam's (also Attam) house in the village Münzbach No. 9 in the district Perg In this house, the inn grain Inger was housed in the ballroom on the first floor of the furnace was. The inn was rebuilt probably after a local fire in 1766. Emergence and establishment of the ballroom was probably temporary and stylistically parallel with the development of so-called good room on the upper floor in the Upper Austrian farmhouses. Since the mid-18th Century, there were the "country furniture" their representative list according to the style of living of the rural elite and dominated the popular art sustainable.

Not sure if the producer has been a local potters, since the production of faience special technical knowledge needed.

History / Museum

In 1904 was the art historian and ceramics expert Alfred Walcher of Molthein the news of the worn figure furnace a "buxom female person" in Adam home to Münzbach. 1906 finally sold, the former owner of the house, Sebastian Grillberger, the furnace to the antique dealers Kogler, Enns. According registration the main asset of the Ethnographic Museum in 1917, the furnace peasant comes from a dedication of Ernst Polack, Imperial Council in Vienna. Albert Franz titled his post in 1941 in the Vienna Journal of Folklore for the first time called "oven Farmer" and makes it the local nickname "Annamirl" known.

History / culture / context

With the beginning of the 18th century genre scenes were from the rural milieu entered the baroque imagery of the upper class. Figurenöfen from Upper Austria came time in southern Germany to great popularity.

"Annamirl" differs from the comparable properties in palaces and monasteries by their coarse appearance far bourgeois and aristocratic beauty principles. Those corresponds more to the fine "Almfrau", a character in the oven Upper Austrian State Museums. In the costume room of Linz Castle there are also possible models for the furnace farmer. These are life-size standing figures, from a wooden board cut and painted. The "Mühlviertlerin" shows the external appearance of a simple farmer. They originate in the district Rohrbach and was painted by Sarleinsbacher Baroque painter Johann Philipp Ruckerbauer in 1729.

The fashion of ceramic Figurenöfen reached its peak in the Rococo and disappeared shortly thereafter. In the 19th Figurenöfen century were predominantly made of cast iron.

Published in:

Genner, Laurenz: Three hundred years of folk pottery. In: Working paper No. 123 of 4 May 1924, XXXVI. Jg p, 9 Frank Walter: The oven farmer from the Mühlviertel. In: Vienna Journal of Folklore, XLVI. Born 1941, Vienna, 1941, p.48-50 Weimarck, Ann-Charlotte: Annamirl och njutningens ugn. Lund 1987 muSIEum. displaying: gender. Vienna 2003, pp. 98 Franz, Rosemarie: The stove. Emergence and development of art history from the Middle Ages to the output of classicism. Graz 1969 (= research and reports of the Institute of Art History, University of Graz, Volume 1), Abb.583

Literature:

Werfring, Johann: sickle in the sun. In: museum pieces. In: Wiener Zeitung on Thursday, 19 November 2009