English: The antigenic relationships among flaviviruses. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that flaviviruses cluster not just antigenically but also group according to their known transmission vectors. Some of the most significant flaviviral human pathogens belong to the JEV, Spondweni, DENV, YFV, and mammalian TBV serocomplexes, respectively (arched lines cover viruses of the same serocomplex). Some of their most common vectors are also listed, such as the mosquito species Culex (blue) and Aedes (green) and various species of ticks (red). Other flaviviruses have no known vector, for example, viruses of the Modoc, Rio Bravo, and Entebbe bat virus complex (black). Among the Aedes mosquito-borne viruses of the YFV serocomplex, Saboya virus (pink) has been successfully isolated from the phlebotomine sand flies (85). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA-7) software (86). The full-length polyprotein amino acid sequences from various flaviviruses were obtained from the NCBI database and pairwise aligned using Clustal W. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the maximum likelihood method based on the Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) matrix-based model (87). The consensus tree representing 200 bootstrap is presented (88). Branches that were reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The nodes show bootstrap support values from replicates.