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Atatürk Boulevard, right to next to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, intersects with the Atilla Avenue (now called Talat Pasha Boulevard). Atilla Avenue is a steep street; a hill is located on its right side. In the past, people of Ankara called the hill “Namazgâh” (an open place where people perform prayers). One of the gates of the Ankara Castle faces the hill. That gate was used to be called the “Namazgâh Gate”. (1) During the reign of Seljuks, Keykavus I commissioned the construction of a beautiful madrasah here. (2) Back in the days, the hill was a sacred place for the people of Ankara. There was a minbar (pulpit) and a musalla stone (catafalque) right behind it. People used to perform Eid and Friday prayers here. During the Independence War some meetings and ceremonies were held in here. When soldiers were leaving for the front, people would gather on the hill and pray for the troops passing by them. During the early days of the Republic, the hill hosted two cultural centres which were the first examples of Turkish architecture in the capital. The architect of the buildings was the same: Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu. Facing the hill directly, the building on the left is the current State Art and Sculpture Museum (1927-30); the building was initially built to serve as Centre for Turkish Hearts then transformed into a People’s House and later served for different purposes. The building on the right is the Ethnography Museum of Ankara (1925-26) which was established under the name of “State Museum”. The equestrian statue of Atatürk showing him with military uniform and cloak during the Independence War, made by the Italian artist Pietro Canonica, was installed in front of the Ethnography Museum on November, 4, 1927.

Türk Ocağı (Halkevi; Devlet Resim ve Heykel Müzesi) binası, Etnoğrafya Müzesi 1930’lu yıllar.

Atatürk Bulvarı, bugünün Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı binasının hemen yanında, eski yıllardaki adıyla Atilla Caddesi’yle (Bugün, Talat Paşa Bulvarı) kesişir. Atilla Caddesi yokuşa vurur, sağ tarafı bir tepedir. Geçmiş yıllarda bu tepeye Ankaralılar, “Namazgâh” derlerdi. Kalenin kapılarından biri buraya açılırdı. O kapıya da, “Namazgâh Kapısı” adı verilmişti. Bir kaynakta tepe, “kayalık bir maşatlık” olarak geçer. (1) Selçukluların egemenlik yıllarında, I. İzzeddin Keykâvus burada güzel bir medrese yaptırmıştı. (2) Bir zamanlar tepe Ankaralılar için kutsal bir yerdi. Taştan yapılmış bir minber, hemen yanında bir musalla taşı vardı. Ankaralılar bayram ve Cuma namazlarını bu tepede kılarlardı. Yağmur duası için buraya çıkılırdı. Millî Mücadele yıllarında bazı toplantılar, törenler burada yapılırdı. Asker cepheye giderken, Ankaralılar tepeye çıkar, önlerinden geçen kafilelerin arkasından dua ederlerdi. Erken Cumhuriyet yıllarında ise, Türk mimarlığının başkentteki ilk örnek yapılarından, iki kültür evine bu tepede yer verildi. Mimar aynı kişidir: Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu. Tepeyi karşınıza aldığınızda sol tarafta görülen bugünün Devlet Resim ve Heykel Müzesi (1927-30), Türk Ocakları Merkezi olarak yapılmış, zaman içerisinde önce Halkevi olmuş, daha sonra değişik amaçlarla kullanılmış. Sağdaki yapı ise “Devlet Müzesi” adıyla kurulan Etnografya Müzesi (1925-26). İtalyan sanatçı Pietro Canonica’nın, Atatürk’ü Millî Mücadele yıllarında, üniforması ve kaputuyla at üstünde gösterdiği bronz heykeli 4 Kasım 1927’de Etnografya Müzesi önüne konuldu.

1 Remzi Oğuz Arık, Türk Müzeciliğine Bir Bakış, İstanbul, 1953, s. 19.

2 İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi, 3. Baskı, Cilt 1, Ankara, 1972, s. 25.
Date 1930s
date QS:P,+1930-00-00T00:00:00Z/8
Source Ethnography Museum of Ankara, 1930s
Author Turkey in Photographs, DGPI Archive from Ankara, TURKEY

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30 September 2015

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