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Summary

Description
English: The main point is to illustrate that the N-point DFT (discrete Fourier transform) of an N-point DFT-even Hann window function has only 3 non-zero coefficients. The other N-3 samples of the DTFT (bottom figure) coincide with zero-crossings of the DTFT. Higher-order "Cosine-sum windows" have more non-zero DFT coefficients.
Wikipedia article Window function contains a link to this figure.
Date
Source Own work
Author Bob K
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(Reusing this file)
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Other versions Derivative works of this file:  Odd-length, "DFT-even" Hann window & spectral leakage.png
PNG development
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This PNG graphic was created with LibreOffice.
Octave/gnuplot source
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click to expand

This graphic was created with the help of the following Octave script:

pkg load signal
graphics_toolkit gnuplot
clc
M=4096;
window = hann(M)';                   % row vector
N=16;                                % window size, in samples

dx = M/N;                            % decimation factor for 16 hops (17 samples)
periodic = window(1+(0:15)*dx);      % take 16 of 17 symmetrical samples

%Plot the points
 figure
 plot(0:15, periodic,  'color', 'blue', '.', 'MarkerSize',14)
 hold on
 
%Connect the dots
 x = (0:M-1)*N/M;
 plot(x, window, 'color', 'blue')    % periodic

xlim([0 16])
set(gca, 'xgrid', 'on');
set(gca, 'ygrid', 'on');
set(gca, 'ytick', [0:.25:1]);
set(gca, 'xtick', [0:16]);

title('DFT-even Hann window function');
xlabel('\leftarrow  n  \rightarrow','FontSize', 14)

%Now compute and plot the DTFT
 M=64*N;
 dr = 80;

H = abs(fft([periodic zeros(1,M-N)]));
H = fftshift(H);
H = H/max(H);
H = 20*log10(H);
H = max(-dr,H);
x = N*[-M/2:M/2-1]/M;

figure
plot(x, H, 'color', 'blue');
hold on

%Plot the 3 non-zero points
plot(-1:1, H((N/2-1:N/2+1)*M/N),  'color', 'blue', '.', 'MarkerSize',14)
ylim([-dr 0])
xlim([-N/2 N/2-1])

set(gca,'XTick', -N/2:N/2-1)
grid on
ylabel('decibels','FontSize', 14)
xlabel('DFT bins','FontSize', 12)

title('Non-zero DFT coefficients of Hann window')

Captions

Top: 16 sample ''DFT-even'' Hann window. Bottom: Its discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) and the 3 non-zero values of its discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

Items portrayed in this file

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6 March 2017

image/png

6c36cd8391d5d1c65166ad52e9b560344ef10de9

34,936 byte

842 pixel

560 pixel

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current16:51, 10 August 2020Thumbnail for version as of 16:51, 10 August 2020560 × 842 (34 KB)Bob Kchange a figure title and x-limits.
12:42, 7 March 2017Thumbnail for version as of 12:42, 7 March 2017560 × 841 (29 KB)Bob KChanged a script parameter (M) to better-align zero-crossings with grid lines. Use plot parameter "MarkerSize" to control size of dots.
12:05, 7 March 2017Thumbnail for version as of 12:05, 7 March 2017560 × 841 (62 KB)Bob KEnlarge the "dots". That is accomplished by choosing "Font" from the "Options" menu in the gnuplot windows created by the script.
02:42, 7 March 2017Thumbnail for version as of 02:42, 7 March 2017560 × 837 (62 KB)Bob KUser created page with UploadWizard

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