English: Motion of a connecting rod: The blue indicator line and scale show the actual motion of the small end, and the red indicator line and scale show the ideal sinusoidal motion, in steps of 22.5° crank rotation. A discrepancy between actual and ideal motion occurs twice per crank revolution, as the conrod swings sideways around midstroke, so that a slider-crank mechanism produces a second order reciprocating inertial force on top of the first order (once per crank revolution) forces.
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