Portal:Energy

Main pageNew articles & Tasks

Introduction

A plasma globe, using electrical energy to create plasma, light, heat, movement and a faint sound

Energy (from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia) 'activity') is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).

Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutually exclusive.

All living organisms constantly take in and release energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven primarily by radiant energy from the sun. The energy industry provides the energy required for human civilization to function, which it obtains from energy resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, and renewable energy. (Full article...)

Selected article

Renewable energy in Iceland has supplied over 70% of Iceland's primary energy needs since 1999 - proportionally more than any other country - and 99.9% of Iceland's electricity is generated from hydroelectricity and geothermal power. In 1998 the Icelandic Parliament committed to convert the national vehicle and fishing fleets to hydrogen fuel produced from renewable energy by 2050. This would make Iceland the first completely energy-independent country in the world to use 100% renewable energy sources.

Iceland's location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge makes it one of the most tectonically active places in the world, with over 200 volcanoes and over 20 high-temperature steam fields. Geothermal energy for heating was first used in 1907 when a farmer piped steam from a hot spring into his house. In 1930, the first pipeline was constructed in Reykjavík, heating two schools, 60 homes, and the main hospital. In 1943, the first geothermal district heating company started. Geothermal power now heats 89% of the nation's houses, provides around 19% of electricity generation and over 54% of primary energy. The first hydroelectric plant was built in 1904 and produced 9 kW of power. Hydropower now provides 81% of Iceland's electricity supply.

Imported oil provides most of Iceland's remaining energy. Replacing this with hydrogen was first suggested after the 1970s energy crisis, but the idea was not adopted until 1998. Iceland's small size makes it ideal for testing the viability of hydrogen as a fuel source for the future, while the plentiful renewable energy sources can be harnessed for its production. Iceland participates in international hydrogen fuel research and development programs, and many countries are following the nation's progress.

As a result of its transition to renewable energy, Iceland is ranked 53rd in the list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita in 2003, emitting 62% less than the United States despite using more primary energy per capita.

Selected image

Photo credit: Senior Airman Joshua Strang, United States Air Force
An aurora, caused by the release of energy as charged particles collide with atoms in the Earth's upper atmosphere.

Did you know?

• Samuel Andrews (1836–1904) was an English-born chemist and inventor whose request for investment capital to build an oil refinery in 1862 led to a partnership with John D. Rockefeller and the formation of the Standard Oil companies?

• Golar Spirit (pictured) is the world's first floating storage and regasification vessel converted from a LNG carrier?

• The Rockies Express Pipeline, currently under construction, will be one of the largest natural gas pipelines ever built in North America?

• Syncrude Canada Ltd. is the world's largest producer of synthetic crude oil from oil sands?

• During World War II, Australia produced almost 500,000 barrels of shale oil by operating the Nevada–Texas–Utah type of oil-shale retorts?

• The Sangtuda 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant is expected to provide up to 12% of the total energy output of Tajikistan?

• Gober gas is a biogas generated out of cow dung?

• The scientific-technical journal Oil Shale is the only journal in the world that focuses on oil shale as a main subject?

Selected biography

James Watt (19 January 1736 – 19 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer. His improvements to the steam engine, which had hardly changed for fifty years, produced a source of power that transformed the world of work, and was the key innovation that brought forth the Industrial Revolution.

In recognition of Watt's achievements, the SI unit of power, the watt, is named after him.

James Watt was born on 19th of January, 1736 in Greenock, a seaport on the Firth of Clyde. His father was a shipwright, shipowner and contractor, while his mother, Agnes Muirhead, came from a distinguished family and was well-educated. Both were Presbyterians and strong Covenanters. Watt attended school irregularly and instead was mostly schooled at home by his mother.

After studying instrument-making for a year in London, the University of Glasgow offered him the opportunity to set up a small workshop within the university. It was established in 1757. After four years, Watt began to experiment with steam, finally producing a working model steam engine in 1765. Strapped for resources to develop a full-scale engine, Watt was forced to take up employment as a surveyor for eight years. Finally, in 1776, the first engines were installed and working in commercial enterprises.

After further improvements, Watt and foundry owner Matthew Boulton established Boulton and Watt in 1794 to exclusively manufacture steam engines. By 1824 it had produced 1,164 steam engines having a total nominal horsepower of about 26,000.

In the news

6 January 2025 – Syrian civil war

The International Committee of the Red Cross announces plans to expand its operations in Syria beyond an initial US$100 million program, citing urgent needs in the health, water, and power sectors. (Reuters)

28 December 2024 – Moldova-Russia relations

Russian company Gazprom announces the supply of gas to Moldova will cease on January 1, 2025, alleging fails to fulfill its payment obligations. The Moldovan Prime Minister, Dorin Recean, accuses the Russian Government of deliberately weaponising energy flows to destabilise the country. (Euronews).

28 December 2024 – Lukoil oil transit dispute, Ukrainian energy crisis, Slovakia–Ukraine relations

Slovakia threatens reciprocal measures against Ukraine's plans to suspend the transit of Russian oil to Slovakia on January 1, including suspending electricity supplies. In response, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accuses Slovakia of opening a "second energy front" against Kyiv under Moscow's orders. (Al Jazeera)

25 December 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure, Ukrainian energy crisis

A series of Russian ballistic missile and drone strikes target critical energy infrastructure in cities across in Ukraine, killing at least two people, injuring 20 others, and causing widespread emergency blackouts. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy condemns Russian President Vladimir Putin for the "inhumane" attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure. (The Kyiv Independent) (The Guardian) (RTÉ)

General images

The following are images from various energy-related articles on Wikipedia.

• 
  The U.S. and Russia have been the predominant producers of natural gas. (from Natural gas)
• 
  Natural gas burning on a gas stove (from Natural gas)
• 
  Gas network emergency vehicle responding to a major fire in Kyiv, Ukraine (from Natural gas)
• 
  Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (from Natural gas)
• 
  Geothermal power center in the Usulután Department, El Salvador (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Electricity production by source (from Solar power)
• 
  Example of energy policy decisions: The goal of the Southern Gas Corridor, which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe, is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas. (from Energy policy)
• 
  Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Solar power is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions. (from Solar power)
• 
  A micro-hydro facility in Vietnam (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Peoples Gas Manlove Field natural gas storage area in Newcomb Township, Champaign County, Illinois. In the foreground (left) is one of the numerous wells for the underground storage area, with an LNG plant, and above-ground storage tanks are in the background (right). (from Natural gas)
• 
  A Washington, D.C. Metrobus, which runs on natural gas (from Natural gas)
• 
  The Hoover Dam in the United States is a large conventional dammed-hydro facility, with an installed capacity of 2,080 MW. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Net metering, unlike a feed-in tariff, requires only one meter, but it must be bi-directional. (from Solar power)
• 
  Schematic of the ITER tokamak under construction in France (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Russia was a key oil and gas supplier to Europe (map from 2013). This changed with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (from Energy policy)
• 
  Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (from Oil refinery)
• 
  A sugarcane plantation to produce ethanol in Brazil (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Electrified transport and renewable energy are key areas of investment for the renewable energy transition. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Australia (from Solar power)
• 
  Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (from Natural gas)
• 
  The launching ceremony of USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (from Solar power)
• 
  Sample of crude oil (petroleum) (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  World map showing where people without access to electricity lived in 2016⁠—mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  The warming influence (called radiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (from Natural gas)
• 
  Baton Rouge Refinery (the fifth-largest in the United States) (from Oil refinery)
• 
  A geothermal power station in Negros Oriental, Philippines (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Motor oil (from Oil refinery)
• 
  The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at EBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export.
  LCOE is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Neste Oil refinery in Porvoo, Finland (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Jamnagar Refinery, the world's largest oil refinery, in Gujarat, India (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Installed geothermal energy capacity, 2022 (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Africa and Middle East (from Solar power)
• 
  The Three Gorges Dam in Central China is the world's largest power-producing facility of any kind. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Hydro generation by country, 2021 (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system (from Solar power)
• 
  Share of electricity production from hydropower, 2023 (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  The Warwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  The share of electricity production from solar, 2023 (from Solar power)
• 
  Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (from Natural gas)
• 
  Several countries and the European Union have committed to dates for all new cars to be zero-emissions vehicles. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power)
• 
  A gas bill from Baltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (from Natural gas)
• 
  Global energy usage is highly unequal. High income countries such as the United States and Canada use 100 times as much energy per capita as some of the least developed countries in Africa. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from Nuclear power)
• 
  The Ffestiniog Power Station can generate 360 MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the demand arising. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" in Užice, Serbia, built in 1900. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Yearly geothermal generation by continent (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  South America (from Solar power)
• 
  Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Oil refinery in Iran (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Cracks at the historic Town Hall of Staufen im Breisgau presumed due to damage from geothermal drilling (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently. In 2023, China added 60% of the world's new capacity. (from Solar power)
• 
  Enhanced geothermal system 1:Reservoir 2:Pump house 3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Map of solar resources from World bank (from Solar power)
• 
  Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (from Geothermal power)
• 
  North America (from Solar power)
• 
  Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System with all three towers under load (from Solar power)
• 
  Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (from Natural gas)
• 
  The town of Pripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power)
• 
  The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Community solar farm in the town of Wheatland, Wisconsin (from Solar power)
• 
  Polyethylene plastic main being placed in a trench (from Natural gas)
• 
  Grangemouth Refinery, in Scotland (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Sample of gasoline (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (from Solar power)
• 
  The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Sulphur (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Yearly hydro generation by continent (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  South and South-East Asia (from Solar power)
• 
  Yearly solar generation by continent (from Solar power)
• 
  Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (from Solar power)
• 
  The 120-MW_e Nesjavellir power station in southwest Iceland (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Natural gas drilling rig in Texas, US (from Natural gas)
• 
  Anacortes Refinery, on the north end of March Point southeast of Anacortes, Washington, United States (from Oil refinery)
• 
  The growth of solar PV on a semi-log scale since 1996 (from Solar power)
• 
  Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year around 2013 (from Natural gas)
• 
  Part of the Senftenberg Solarpark, a solar photovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (from Solar power)
• 
  Europe (from Solar power)
• 
  The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Fire-extinguishing operations after the Texas City refinery explosion (from Oil refinery)
• 
  The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolant heat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large cooling towers (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by IPCC (from Nuclear power)
• 
  A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Wind turbines in Xinjiang, China
• 
  Sample of diesel fuel (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Merowe Dam in Sudan. Hydroelectric power stations that use dams submerge large areas of land due to the requirement of a reservoir. These changes to land color or albedo, alongside certain projects that concurrently submerge rainforests, can in these specific cases result in the global warming impact, or equivalent life-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Pile of asphalt-covered aggregate for formation into asphalt concrete (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Buildings in the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp. Biogas produced from biomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  The location of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (from Natural gas)
• 
  Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant in Larderello, Italy
• 
  A woman in rural Rajasthan, India, collects firewood. The use of wood and other polluting fuels for cooking causes millions of deaths each year from indoor and outdoor air pollution. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity; lower green line is realized production. (from Geothermal power)
• 
  Natural gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Lower Austria (from Natural gas)
• 
  Pico hydroelectricity in Mondulkiri, Cambodia (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  Deaths caused by use of fossil fuels such as natural gas (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of wind energy, nuclear energy or solar energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Natural gas)
• 
  Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Passive cooling features, such as these windcatcher towers in Iran, bring cool air into buildings without any use of energy. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Guri Dam, a hydroelectric dam in Venezuela (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power)
• 
  For cooking, electric induction stoves are one of the most energy-efficient and safest options. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  The outdoor section of a heat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Cylinders of liquified petroleum gas (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Storage tanks and towers at Shell Puget Sound Refinery (Shell Oil Company), Anacortes, Washington (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  United States and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power)
• 
  A photovoltaic power station in California, United States
• 
  Countries by natural gas proven reserves (2014), based on data from The World Factbook (from Natural gas)
• 
  Measurement of the tailrace and forebay rates at the Limestone Generating Station in Manitoba, Canada. (from Hydroelectricity)
• 
  The oil refinery in Haifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Utility cycling infrastructure, such as this bike lane in Vancouver, encourages sustainable transport. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802. (from History of energy)
• 
  Sample of kerosene (from Oil refinery)
• 
  Battery storage facility
• 
  Typical composition of uranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in the once-through nuclear fuel cycle of a LWR (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Part of the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) parabolic trough solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California (from Solar power)
• 
  A parabolic collector concentrates sunlight onto a tube in its focal point. (from Solar power)
• 
  A pipeline odorant injection station (from Natural gas)
• 
  Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power)
• 
  Bloomberg NEF reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time. (from Sustainable energy)
• 
  Refinery of Slovnaft in Bratislava (from Oil refinery)

Quotations

• "Without radical international measures to reduce carbon emissions within the next 10 to 15 years, there is compelling evidence to suggest we might lose the chance to control temperature rises. Failure to act will make an increase of between 2 and 5 degrees [3.6 - 9°F] in average temperatures almost inevitable." – Tony Blair, 2006
• "The question is not whether climate change is happening or not, but whether, in the face of this emergency, we ourselves can change fast enough." – Kofi Annan, 2006
• "I promise you a day will come when our children and grandchildren will look back and they will ask one of two questions. Either they will ask, 'What in God's name were they doing? Didn't they see the evidence?' Or, they may look back and say 'How did they find the uncommon moral courage to rise above politics and redeem the promise of American democracy?'" – Al Gore, 2007, on global warming.

Related portals

WikiProjects

WikiProjects connected with energy:

• WikiProject Energy
• Oil megaprojects task force

Other WikiProjects that may be of interest:

• WikiProject Environment
• WikiProject Technology
• WikiProject Biography

Major topics

Fossil fuels

Coal

Coal mining

Anthracite

Lignite

Coal fired power plant

Clean coal technology

Coal gas

---

Petroleum

Gasoline (petrol)

Diesel

Fuel oil

Liquefied petroleum gas

Oil reserves

Peak Oil

Hubbert peak theory

Petroleum industry

Oil platform

Oil refinery

Oil tanker

Pipeline transport

Filling station

Oil prices

Petroleum politics

Petro-aggression

Non-conventional oil

Oil shale

Tar sands

---

Natural Gas

Gas turbine

Liquefied natural gas

Natural gas prices

---

Environmental impacts

Global warming

Carbon footprint

Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gas

Sea level rise

Ocean acidification

Flue gas emissions

Renewable energy

Solar power

Photovoltaic electricity

Solar panel

Solar hot water

Solar central heating

Solar thermal collector

Active solar

Passive solar

Solar thermal energy

---

Biofuels

Biomass

Biogas

Wood gas

Bioethanol

Biomethanol

BioDME

Biodiesel

Vegetable oil fuel

---

Hydropower

Hydroelectricity

Small hydro

Tidal power

Wave power

Water turbine

Deep lake water cooling

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

---

Wind power

Wind turbine

Wind farm

---

Geothermal power

Hot dry rock (EGS)

Geothermal heat pump

Earth warming tubes

Nuclear energy

Nuclear power

Nuclear power station

Nuclear reactor

AGR

BWR

CANDU

PWR

RBMK

Nuclear fuel

Uranium mining

Nuclear chain reaction

Nuclear reprocessing

Nuclear waste

Nuclear accidents

Nuclear decommissioning

Nuclear proliferation

Nuclear energy policy

Nuclear power debate

---

Radioactivity

Irradiation

Radioactive contamination

---

Fusion power

Inertial fusion power plant

Tokamak

Joint european torus

ITER

Cold fusion

Polywell

Energy conservation

Low energy building

Zero energy building

Passive house

Passive solar building

Superinsulation

Heat recovery ventilation

Building automation

Over illumination

Low energy lighting

---

Transport

Telecommuting

Public transport

Ride sharing

Electric vehicle

Hybrid vehicle

Regenerative brake

Flexible-fuel vehicle

Fuel economy

---

Business

Action on global warming

Carbon emissions trading

---

Society

2000 Watt society

Low-carbon economy

Hydrogen economy

Carbon tax

Carbon offset

Oil phase out in Sweden

Politics and Economics

Issues

World resources & consumption

World carbon emissions

Climate change action

Kyoto Protocol

Industrialisation

Energy economics

Petroleum politics

Anti-nuclear movement

Fuel poverty

Energy security

Energy superpowers

Energy policy

Renewable energy commercialization

---

Organizations

IPCC

International Energy Agency

Nuclear Energy Agency

International Atomic Energy Agency

Renewables Policy Network

OPEC

Gas Exporting Countries Forum

AP6

Global Wind Energy Council

World Business Council for Sustainable Development

International Solar Energy Society

---

Accounting

EROEI

Embodied energy

Energy quality

Environmental Accounting

Energy analysis

Energy cannibalism

Life cycle analysis

Energy balance

Net energy gain

Emergy

Energy in science

Science

Thermodynamics

Heat transfer

Thermal energy

Chemical energy

Electrical energy

Radiant energy

Nuclear energy

Photon

2020s in sustainable energy research

---

Physics

Laws of thermodynamics

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

Conservation of energy

Mechanical work

Electromagnetism

Quanta

E=mc²

---

Chemistry

Chemical thermodynamics

---

Biology

Biological thermodynamics

---

Geology

Geothermal energy

---

Cosmology

Dark energy

Electrical power industry

Electricity generation

Power station

Cogeneration

Distributed generation

Microgeneration

Grid energy storage

---

Electricity distribution

Electricity market

Electric power transmission

Electrical substation

Transformer

Electricity meter

Energy demand management

Intermittent power sources

Electric utility

Grid (electricity)

Energy storage and conversion

Energy storage

Battery

Flow battery

Hydrogen

Ammonia (NH₃)

Compressed air energy storage

Thermal energy storage

Hydroelectric energy storage

Flywheel energy storage

---

Energy conversion

Electric motor

Fuel cell

Internal combustion engine

Jet engine

Maglev propulsion

Rocket engine

Sails

Solar cell

Steam engine

Generator

Turbine

Major categories

National energy supply, use & conservation

Energy by country

---

National electricity sector

Electric power by country

---

Politics, economics, environment

Climate change

Energy conservation

Energy economics

Energy crises

Energy development

Energy policy

Peak oil

---

Energy sources

Fuels

Biofuels

Fossil fuels

Fusion power

Nuclear technology

Renewable energy

Energy conversion

Electric power

Energy storage

---

Energy-related design

Electric vehicles

Hybrid vehicles

Low-energy building

Solar design

---

Scientific usage

Heat transfer

Thermodynamics

Units of energy

Category browser

Category puzzle

Energy

Energy by continent

Energy by country

Energy by region

Energy-related lists

Works about energy

Energy accidents and incidents

Energy conversion

Energy democracy

Energy development

Energy economics

Energy education

Electric power

Energy-related events

History of energy

Energy industry

Energy infrastructure

Energetic materials

Energy measurement

Energy models

Energy organizations

People associated with energy

Energy policy

Energy recovery

Energy sources

Energy storage

Sustainable energy

Energy technology

Energy in transport

Energy weapons

Energy stubs

Help

Puzzled by energy?
Can't answer your question?
Don't understand the answer?

• Ask at the reference desk
• Read the Wikipedia help pages

---

For further ideas, to leave a comment, or to learn how you can help improve and update this portal, see the talk page.

Associated Wikimedia

The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:

• 

  Commons
  Free media repository

• 

  Wikibooks
  Free textbooks and manuals

• 

  Wikidata
  Free knowledge base

• 

  Wikinews
  Free-content news

• 

  Wikiquote
  Collection of quotations

• 

  Wikisource
  Free-content library

• 

  Wikiversity
  Free learning tools

• 

  Wiktionary
  Dictionary and thesaurus

Discover Wikipedia using portals

• 

  List of all portals

• 

  The arts portal

• 

  Biography portal

• 

  Current events portal

• 

  Geography portal

• 

  History portal

• 

  Mathematics portal

• 

  Science portal

• 

  Society portal

• 

  Technology portal

• 

  Random portal

• 

  WikiProject Portals