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Brahmanbaria District

Coordinates: 23°59′N 91°07′E / 23.983°N 91.117°E / 23.983; 91.117
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This article is about Brahmanbaria District. For the city or capital of Brahmanbaria District, see Brahmanbaria.

Brahmanbaria
ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া
District of Bangladesh
Clockwise from top-left: Shahid Minar in Brahmanbaria, Haripur Barabari, Kal Bhairab Temple, Akhaura, Arifil Mosque
Expandable map of Brahmanbaria District
Expandable map of Brahmanbaria District
Map
Coordinates: 23°59′N 91°07′E / 23.983°N 91.117°E / 23.983; 91.117
Country Bangladesh
DivisionChittagong
Established15 February 1984 (split from Comilla)
HeadquartersBrahmanbaria
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerHayat-ud-Dowllah Khan
Area
 • Total
1,881.20 km2 (726.34 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
3,306,563
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi)
DemonymBrahmanbarian
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
3400
Area code0851
ISO 3166 codeBD-04
HDI (2018)0.614[2]
medium · 7th of 21
Websitewww.brahmanbaria.gov.bd

Brahmanbaria (Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া, romanized: Brammôṇbaṛiya) is a district in eastern Bangladesh located in the Chittagong Division. Geographically, it is mostly farmland and is topographically part of the Gangetic Plain. It is bounded by the districts of Kishoreganj and Habiganj to the north, Narsingdi District and Narayanganj to the west, Comilla to the south, and the Indian state of Tripura to the east. It was a part of Comilla District until 15 February 1984.[3]

History

[edit]
Isa Khan, leader of Bengal's 16th-century Baro-Bhuiyan rebel chieftains, had his capital situated in Sarail.
The Hatirpul, a medieval elephant pass built in Bariura.

Brahmanbaria was a part of Samatata region of ancient Bengal.[4] The area Syed Mahmud resided in was named Kazipara (Kazi being a variant of Qadi) after him, and his mazar (mausoleum) remains there.[5]

The leader of the Baro-Bhuiyan zamindars, Isa Khan, had his first and temporary capital situated in Sarail.[6] Brahmanbaria was made part of the Sylhet Sarkar. During the Mughal era, Brahmanbaria was famous for producing quality cloth muslin.[7][8]

Brahmanbaria was made one of the three subdivisions of Comilla District by the British colonialists in 1790.[9] The Brahmanbaria Municipality was established in 1868. During the 19th century, Brahmanbaria produced many nationalist leaders like Nawab Syed Shamsul Huda, who became president of the All India Muslim League in 1921 and Barrister Abdur Rasul, a front ranking leader of Indian National Congress.[10] When the Swadeshi movement began in the wake of the 1905 Partition of Bengal, Brahmanbaria-born revolutionary Ullaskar Datta Aviram was convicted for throwing bomb explosion and was deported to the Andamans. It became part of East Pakistan in 1947. Upon encouragement of Oli Ahad, a Brahmanbarian Bengali Language Movement leader, the movement obtained momentum in this district in 1952.[11][12]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Mohammad Mostafa Kamal faced a heroic death in an encounter with the Pakistani army at Daruin in what is now Akhaura Upazila.[13] One of the most distinguished Brahmanbarian military generals Shakil Ahmed was murdered in the Bangladesh Rifles revolt in 2009.[14][15] In 2015, a pot of 200-year-old coins was found in the district's Akhaura Upazila. There were nearly 500 coins at the Temple of Durga in Mogra Union and contained images of British queen Elizabeth I and were from 1804, 1814 and 1836. According to the police, the coins were handed over to the Department of Archaeology.[16]

In March 2013, a deadly tornado killed at least 31 people in 25 villages and caused serious damage.[citation needed]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974 1,473,049—    
1981 1,728,272+2.31%
1991 2,141,745+2.17%
2001 2,398,254+1.14%
2011 2,840,498+1.71%
2022 3,306,563+1.39%
Sources:[1][17]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Brahmanbaria District had 712,578 households and a population of 3,306,563 with an average 4.57 people per household. Among the population, 798,979 (24.16%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,758 people per km2. Brahmanbaria District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 72.12%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1149 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 20.62% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 672.[1]

Religions in Brahmanbaria District (2022)[1]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 93.29%
Hinduism
 
 6.68%
Other or not stated
 
 0.03%
Religion in present-day Brahmanbaria District
Religion 1941[18]: 102–103 [a] 1981[17] 1991[17] 2001[17] 2011[17] 2022[1]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 712,470 68.52% 1,541,739 89.21% 1,943,271 90.73% 2,195,583 91.55% 2,627,810 92.51% 3,084,642 93.29%
Hinduism 326,888 31.44% 184,809 10.69% 194,333 9.07% 201,843 8.42% 211,899 7.46% 220,960 6.68%
Others [b] 445 0.04% 1,724 0.10% 4,141 0.20% 828 0.03% 789 0.03% 961 0.03%
Total Population 1,039,803 100% 1,728,272 100% 2,141,745 100% 2,398,254 100% 2,840,498 100% 3,306,563 100%

In 2011, Muslims made up 92.51% of the population, while Hindus were 7.46% of the population.[17] In 2022, Muslims were 93.29% and Hindus 6.68% of the population.

Administration

[edit]
Drone shot of Jamia Islamia Yunusia located in the neighbourhood of Paikpara in Brahmanbaria city.
The Gokarna Nawab Bari Complex, built by Nawab Sir Syed Shamsul Huda in Nasirnagar.

Brahmanbaria District, previously a subdivision of Comilla district (formerly Tippera district till 1960), was established in 1984. The district has 4 municipalities, 39 wards, 97 mahallas, 9 upazilas, 98 union parishads, 1081 moussakas and 1329 villages.

The administrative seat and largest city is Brahmanbaria. The towns of Akhaura and Ashuganj also rank in the top three of the district.

Upazilas

[edit]

Brahmanbaria district is divided into nine upazilas (subdistricts) as below:

Parliamentary constituencies

[edit]

There are six Jatiya Sangsad constituencies in the district. These constituencies and the current Members of Parliament are:[19]

District Magistrates

[edit]

Deputy Commissioner (DC), or District Magistrate, is the chief administrative and revenue officer of Brahmanbaria District. The following is a list of those that held this office:

List of DCs of Brahmanbaria District
List of DC
Number Name Term
01 Muhammad Nizam ad-Din 15/2/1984 - 4/8/1986
02 AZM Shafiqul Islam 4/8/1986 - 6/3/1989
03 Khan Shahab ad-Din 6/3/1989 - 8/1/1991
04 Kabir ad-Din Ahmad 8/1/1991 - 2/3/1993
05 Muhammad Abd al-Matin 2/3/1993 - 15/11/1995
06 Muhammad Ghulam Kibriya 22/11/1995 - 28/10/1996
07 AKM Wahidul Islam 28/10/1996 - 15/7/1999
08 Lutfur Rahman 15/7/1999 - 29/3/2001
09 Badrul Alam Tarafdar 29/3/2001 - 1/1/2002
10 Muhammad Muqsid Ali 3/1/2002 - 30/11/2003
11 Muhammad Yunusur Rahman 30/11/2003 - 21/7/2004
12 Muhammad Zahirul Haq 21/7/2004 - 23/4/2005
13 Muhammad Saidur Rahman 23/4/2005 - 21/9/2006
14 Muhammad Ali Akbar 21/9/2006 - 16/11/2006
15 Syed Ahmad Chhapa 19/11/2006 - 14/5/2007
16 Muhammad Abd al-Hayy 14/5/2007 - 17/4/2009
17 Muhammad Hayyul Qayyum 26/4/2009 - 26/4/2010
18 Muhammad Abd al-Mannan 26/4/2010 - 20/10/2012
19 Nur Muhammad Majumdar 21/10/2012 - 28/12/2013
20 Muhammad Musharraf Husayn 28/12/2013 - 19/9/2016
21 Rezwanur Rahman 19/9/2016 -
22 Hayat ud-Dawlah Khan 9/10/2018 - 5/01/2022
22 Md Shahgir Alam[20] 13/01/2022[21]-present
Port of Ashuganj on Meghna River, will be largest port by 2030.

Economy

[edit]
Power plant

Brahmanbaria is one of the fastest growing districts in the country. The major industries of Brahmanbaria District have been: agriculture, fishing, power and electricity, and natural gas.[citation needed] 30% of its population is below the poverty threshold.[22] It has a labour force of 1,800,000 that are skilled in agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. As of 2010, it had an unemployment rate of 3.8%.

Power and gas

[edit]
Tornado aftermath in Brahmanbaria, 2013.

Brahmanbaria's Titas gas is the largest gas field of Bangladesh. It supplies natural gas to Dhaka and most other parts of the nation. Currently the government is drilling new wells.[23]

In some other parts of Brahmanbaria, gas was found. It resulted in an abrupt fall in the price of gas.[24] Many parts of the country people are using gas in many illegal ways. Now, the government is trying to solve that issue.[25]

Transport

[edit]
Akhaura-the largest railway junction in Bangladesh.

This district has the largest railway junction in the country at Akhaura.[26] It connects to Kulaura and Chhatak with the Akhaura–Kulaura–Chhatak line, to Laksam and Chittagong with the Akhaura–Laksam–Chittagong line, and to Tongi and Bhairab with the Tongi–Bhairab–Akhaura line. There are about ten railway stations in the district. Recently the government of India shipped machines of the Palatana project from Kolkata to Agartala by using the Ashuganj river port on Meghna in Brahmanbaria district.[27] Rail networks linking it to other parts of the country include the Parabat Express and Kalni Express. Brahmanbaria connects with the Asian Highway Network through the N2 highway and there is also the prominent N102 highway. To connect with India, government of both Bangladesh and India is building 15 km railway from Akhaura to Agartala.[28]

Ouster Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina gave the Government of India permission to use the Port of Ashuganj.[29] In addition, Akhaura Station will be connected to Agartala.[30]

Tourism

[edit]

Brahmanbaria has a number of tourist attractions and sites dating back many centuries. The Kharampur Mazar Sharif is a mausoleum complex located in Akhaura which attracts hundreds of visitors. It contains the tomb of Syed Ahmad Gesudaraz, a 14th-century Islamic preacher who took part in the Conquest of Sylhet before settling in Kharampur where he was martyred. During the dewani of Shahbaz Khan in 1650, the Hatirpul was constructed. It was a bridge built over the canal mainly for elephant pass. The Mughal dewans used to communicate by the elephant in this road and also took rest near this bridge. In 1662, the Arifil Mosque was constructed by Shah Arif in Sarail. There are unknown tombs located near the mosque, supposedly the wives of Isa Khan. The 18th century Haripur Barabari was a residential palace located in Nasirnagar and many movies have been filmed there. The India-Bangladesh Border Haat located in Kasba is a weekly marketplace and allows communication with the people of the neighbouring country. Sports fans assemble at the Niaz Mohammad Stadium which was constructed in 1934.

Criticism

[edit]

In 2015, Brahmanbaria faced problems of road blocks due to political agitation.[31] The situation did not last very long before being resolved. This region also faced with clashing between two groups. In 2015, a man was killed for facing problems between two groups.[32] Former Chief Justice of Bangladesh, Surendra Kumar Sinha had said while he was delivering his speech in Brahmanbaria that smuggling was hurting the national the economy.[33] Gold and dollar are going out of the country, he said.

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Brahmanbaria

Notes

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  1. ^ Brahmanbaria subdivision of Tippera district
  2. ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023. pp. 149–151, 179–181, 191–192, 407.
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  3. ^ Musa, Muhammad. Brahmanbariar Itibrittyo, Shetu Prokashoni, Brahmanbaria,1998.
  4. ^ Douglas A. Phillips; Charles F. Gritzner (2007). Bangladesh. Infobase Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-4381-0485-0.
  5. ^ কাজী মাহমুদ শাহ (রহ) মাজার. Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila (in Bengali).
  6. ^ AA Sheikh Md Asrarul Hoque Chisti (2012). "Isa Khan". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  7. ^ Eaton, Richard Maxwell (1996). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. University of California Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-520-20507-9.
  8. ^ Abdul Karim (2012). "Muslin". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  9. ^ Siddiqi, Mamun (2012). "Comilla District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  10. ^ "Nasirnagar Upazilla". Bangladesh National Portal.
  11. ^ "Language warrior Oli Ahad dead". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  12. ^ "Oli Ahad no more". The Daily Star. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 21 October 2012. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  13. ^ Chandan, Md Shahnawaz Khan. "A Hero's Tale". The Daily Star. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  14. ^ "My friend . . . the scholar-soldier". The Business Standard (Opinion). 25 February 2020.
  15. ^ "M G Shakil ( মেজর জেনারেল শাকিল) বিডিআর হত্যাকান্ডে নিহত হন । সেই সময়ের একটি তথ্যচিত্র।". YouTube.
  16. ^ "200-year-old coins recovered". Dhaka Tribune.
  17. ^ a b c d e f "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Brahmanbaria" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  18. ^ "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF).
  19. ^ বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh) জাতীয় তথ্য বাতায়ন - গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার - People's Republic of Bangladesh. bangladesh.gov.bd.
  20. ^ ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়ার নতুন ডিসি শাহগীর আলম. The Dhaka Post (in Bengali). Retrieved 2022-07-24.
  21. ^ "Current DC of Brahmanbaria District". www.brahmanbaria.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
  22. ^ "Zila level povmap estimates, 2010" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  23. ^ "Titas Starts New Well Drilling". Energy Bangla. 20 December 2015.
  24. ^ "Regulator to look into unusual fall in prices of Titas Gas stocks". The Daily Star.
  25. ^ "Titas struggles to remove illegal gas connections". Dhaka Tribune.
  26. ^ "AKA/Akhaura Junction Railway Station Map/Atlas". India Rail Info.
  27. ^ "Bangladesh to ink pact with India for 100MW power from Tripura". The Times of India.
  28. ^ "India, Bangladesh business set to grow through ports, waterways". The Economic Times.
  29. ^ "B'desh agrees to allow India use waterways to Ashuganj port". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 3 May 2014.
  30. ^ "Government approves Rs 1,000 crore for India-Bangladesh rail link". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015.
  31. ^ "CNG drivers block Brahmanbaria highways". Prothom Alo. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  32. ^ "Man killed in Brahmanbaria clash". Dhaka Tribune.
  33. ^ "Smuggling hurting economy: SK Sinha". The Daily Star.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brahmanbaria District.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Brahmanbaria District.
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