Richard Jewell (film)
Richard Jewell | |
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Directed by | Clint Eastwood |
Screenplay by | Billy Ray |
Based on |
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Produced by |
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Starring | |
Cinematography | Yves Bélanger |
Edited by | Joel Cox |
Music by | Arturo Sandoval |
Production companies |
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Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 129 minutes[1] |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $45 million[2] |
Box office | $44.6 million[3][4] |
Richard Jewell is a 2019 American biographical drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood and written by Billy Ray. It is based on the 1997 Vanity Fair article "American Nightmare: The Ballad of Richard Jewell" by Marie Brenner and the 2019 book The Suspect: An Olympic Bombing, the FBI, the Media, and Richard Jewell, the Man Caught in the Middle by Kent Alexander and Kevin Salwen.[5][6][7][8][9] The film depicts the July 27, 1996, Centennial Olympic Park bombing and its aftermath, as security guard Richard Jewell finds a bomb during the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, and alerts authorities to evacuate, only to later be wrongly accused of having placed the device himself. Paul Walter Hauser stars as Jewell,[10] supported by Sam Rockwell, Kathy Bates, Jon Hamm, and Olivia Wilde.
After its world premiere on November 20, 2019, at AFI Fest, the film was theatrically released in the United States on December 13 by Warner Bros. Pictures. It grossed $44 million against a $45 million budget and received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for the performances (particularly those of Bates, Rockwell, and Hauser) and Eastwood's direction. However, several journalists criticized the film's portrayal of the reporter who first accused Jewell, Kathy Scruggs, specifically its depiction of her trading sex for stories. Richard Jewell was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the ten best films of the year, and for her performance in the film Bates won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at both the Academy Awards[11][12] and the Golden Globes.[13]
Plot
[edit]In 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia, Richard Jewell is working as an office supply clerk at the Small Business Administration, where he builds a rapport with attorney Watson Bryant before leaving to pursue a law enforcement career. He is hired as a sheriff's deputy, but is discharged, and by early 1996 is working as a security guard at Piedmont College. He is fired from this position after multiple complaints of acting beyond his jurisdiction and moves in with his mother, Bobi. That summer, he is able to find work as a security guard at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, monitoring Centennial Park.
Early in the morning on July 27, 1996, after chasing off some drunken teens during a Jack Mack and the Heart Attack concert, Jewell notices a stray backpack beneath a bench. Much to the annoyance of his coworkers, he insists proper protocol be followed, but an explosives expert discovers the backpack contains a bomb. The security team is still working to move concert attendees away from the bomb when it detonates, and, though there are many injuries and one fatality, Jewell is heralded as a hero, as his vigilance is believed to have saved many lives.
The dean of Piedmont College contacts the FBI to raise suspicions about Jewell, and, after looking into him, FBI agent Tom Shaw and his team determine that Jewell, as a white, male, "wanna-be" police officer, fits the profile of someone who might seek glory and attention by creating a dangerous situation so they can come to the rescue. Shaw is approached by journalist Kathy Scruggs of The Atlanta Journal, and, in exchange for the promise of sexual favors, he reveals Jewell is a suspect in the bombing. The Journal publishes Scruggs' story on the front page, and the media narrative about Jewell immediately shifts from laudatory to critical.
Before Jewell learns he is a suspect, Shaw lures him to the FBI office. Though initially cooperative, he becomes suspicious when asked to sign an acknowledgement that he has been read his Miranda rights and phones Bryant, who he had just contacted to handle a proposed book deal. Bryant, now running his own struggling law firm, agrees to represent Jewell.
After a disastrous The Today Show interview, and still not completely convinced of Jewell's innocence, Bryant and his secretary, Nadya, time how long it takes to travel the distance between the phone booth used to make a bomb threat shortly before the explosion and Centennial Park. Concluding it was impossible for Jewell to both make the threat and discover the bomb when he did, Bryant becomes determined to keep Jewell from getting "railroaded".
The FBI searches Jewell's home and seizes property, including his mother's Tupperware, his true crime books, and a cache of firearms. Jewell admits to Bryant that he has not paid income tax for years and was once arrested for exceeding his authority. Bryant scolds Jewell for being too collegial with the investigators, and Jewell says his ingrained respect for authority makes it difficult for him not to be deferential.
Bryant arranges a polygraph examination, which Jewell passes. Scruggs, though initially brash and confident in her reporting, is troubled to learn the FBI have begun to look for someone who may have called in the bomb threat for Jewell, since having an accomplice would not fit the "lone bomber" profile. Bobi holds a press conference at which she pleads for the FBI to announce Jewell is no longer a suspect so they may proceed with their lives. Finally, Jewell and Bryant meet with Shaw and, after several irrelevant questions, Jewell pointedly asks if he is going to be charged. Met with silence, he leaves. Eighty-eight days after being named a "person of interest", Jewell is informed by formal letter that he is no longer under investigation.
In April 2003, Jewell, now a police officer in Luthersville, Georgia, is visited by Bryant, who tells him that Eric Rudolph has been captured and confessed to the Centennial Olympic Park bombing.
An epilogue states that, on August 29, 2007, Jewell died at age 44 of complications from diabetes and heart failure. Bryant and Nadya got married, and Bobi babysits their two sons on Saturday nights.
Cast
[edit]- Paul Walter Hauser as Richard "Radar" Jewell, a security guard
- Sam Rockwell as G. Watson Bryant Jr., an attorney
- Kathy Bates as Barbara "Bobi" Jewell, Richard's mother
- Jon Hamm as FBI Agent Tom Shaw (based on FBI Agent Don Johnson)
- Olivia Wilde as Kathleen "Kathy" Scruggs, a journalist at The Atlanta Journal
- Nina Arianda as Nadya Light, Bryant's secretary
- Ian Gomez as FBI Agent Dan Bennet (based on FBI Agent Diader Rosario), Shaw's partner
- Wayne Duvall as Richard Rackleff, a polygraph examiner
- Charles Green as Dr. W. Ray Cleere, dean of Piedmont College
- Niko Nicotera as Dave Dutchess, Richard's best friend
- Mike Pniewski as Brandon Walker of The Atlanta Journal
- Grant Roberts as Officer Will Jones of the Atlanta Police Department
- Alan Heckner as Officer Bill Miller of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation
- Desmond Phillips as Officer Mike Silver of the APD
- Alex Collins as Officer Max Green of the APD
- Eric Mendenhall as Eric Rudolph, the bomber
- David Shae as Ron Martz, a journalist at The Atlanta Journal who works with Scruggs
- Brian Brightman as Officer Zoeller of the Atlanta Police Bomb Squad
- Deja Dee as the woman in the park who is killed by the explosion
- Billy Slaughter as Tim Barker from AT&T media relations
- Dylan Kussman as FBI Special Agent Bruce Hughes, Shaw's supervisor
- Robert Treveiler as Patrick Williams, an FBI profiler
- David de Vries as John Walter, managing editor of The Atlanta Journal
- Garon Grigsby as Bryant Gumbel, co-host of The Today Show
Production
[edit]The film was initially announced in February 2014, when Leonardo DiCaprio and Jonah Hill teamed to produce the film, with Hill set to play Jewell, and DiCaprio set to play the lawyer who helped Jewell navigate the media blitz that surrounded him.[14] Paul Greengrass began negotiations to direct the film, with Billy Ray writing the screenplay.[15] Other directors considered include Ezra Edelman (known for the 2016 documentary O.J.: Made in America) and David O. Russell,[16][17] before Clint Eastwood was officially attached in early 2019. DiCaprio and Hill did not end up acting in the film, though they remained as producers.[18]
In May 2019, Warner Bros. acquired the project from 20th Century Fox, which had been acquired by The Walt Disney Company earlier that year.[19] In June, Sam Rockwell was cast as the lawyer, and Paul Walter Hauser as Jewell. Kathy Bates, Olivia Wilde, Jon Hamm, and Ian Gomez were also cast.[20][21][22][23][24] Nina Arianda joined the cast in July.[25] Filming began on June 24, 2019, in Atlanta.[26]
In an interview with Ellen DeGeneres on her talk show, Eastwood explained how he continued to work on the film despite a wildfire near the studio.[27] DeGeneres described the November 10 blaze, known as the Barham Brush Fire, as a "really bad fire that came really close to the lot," adding that "air quality was so bad that everyone evacuated." Eastwood replied: "I was coming back down to do some work at a sound stage and I saw all this smoke going. And I'm getting closer and closer and its Warner Bros. and its smoke and I got almost up there and I thought, the whole studio's burning down, maybe I'll go in and see if I can retrieve something. So we went on the sound stage and started working and we forgot about it and...everybody said, 'The studio's been evacuated!' And I said, 'We're not evacuated, we're here working!'"[28]
Release
[edit]A trailer for the film was released on October 3, 2019,[29] and the film premiered at AFI Fest on November 20,[30] before being theatrically released in the United States on December 13 by Warner Bros. Pictures.[31]
Reception
[edit]Box office
[edit]Richard Jewell grossed $22.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $22.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide box office total of $44.6 million,[3][4] against a production budget of $45 million.[2] Its performance was characterized as a box office flop by several media outlets.[32][33][34][35]
In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside Jumanji: The Next Level and Black Christmas, and was initially projected to gross around $10 million from 2,502 theaters over its opening weekend.[36] However, after making $1.6 million on its first day, weekend estimates were lowered to $5 million,[2] and it ended up earning $4.7 million, one of the 50 worst wide openings ever.[37] It was Eastwood's worst opening weekend since Bronco Billy in 1980, and the second-lowest opening of his career.[38] The film finished fourth at the box office, behind Jumanji: The Next Level, Frozen II, and Knives Out.[39][40]
Its second weekend, the film fell 45% to $2.6 million, finishing in seventh place at the box office,[41] and its third weekend, it made $3 million (and a total of $5.4 million over the five-day Christmas weekend), finishing tenth.[42]
Critical response
[edit]On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 77% of 301 critics' reviews of the film are positive, with an average rating of 6.8/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "Richard Jewell simplifies the real-life events that inspired it—yet still proves that Clint Eastwood remains a skilled filmmaker of admirable economy."[43] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 68 out of 100 based on reviews from 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[2]
Controversy
[edit]The film came under fire for its portrayal of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reporter Kathy Scruggs, who had died of a prescription drug overdose in 2001.[45] Criticism was directed at the film for depicting her as offering to engage in sex with an FBI agent in return for confidential information.[46] The editor-in-chief of the AJC wrote in an open letter stating that this depicted incident was "entirely false and malicious".[47] Employees of the newspaper demanded the film have a prominent disclaimer that "some events were imagined for dramatic purposes and artistic license."[48][49] Critical commentators argued that the film perpetuates a sexist trope of women journalists exchanging sex for information.[50][51]
Olivia Wilde, who plays Scruggs in the film, defended her role and stated there was a sexist double standard, in that Jon Hamm's portrayal of the FBI agent was not held to the same scrutiny.[52] In response, it was argued that Wilde's character was based on a real person, whereas the FBI agent was an amalgamation of multiple individuals,[52] and that, while the purpose of the film was to expose and condemn the character assassination of Jewell, in the process, it committed the same act against Scruggs.[50][53]
Accolades
[edit]Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipients | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Academy Awards | February 9, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | [54][55] |
AARP Movies for Grownups Awards | January 19, 2020 | Readers' Choice | Richard Jewell | Nominated | |
American Film Institute | January 3, 2020 | Top Ten Films of the Year | Richard Jewell | Won | [56] |
Club Média Ciné | 2021 | Best Foreign Film | Richard Jewell | Nominated | |
Detroit Film Critics Society | December 9, 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Sam Rockwell | Nominated | [57] |
Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | |||
Best Breakthrough Performance | Paul Walter Hauser | Nominated | |||
Georgia Film Critics Association | January 10, 2019 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | |
Oglethorpe Award for Excellence in Georgia Cinema | Clint Eastwood and Billy Ray | Nominated | |||
Golden Globe Awards | January 5, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | [58] |
Hawaii Film Critics Society | January 13, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | |
Hollywood Critics Association | January 9, 2020 | Breakthrough Performance – Actor | Paul Walter Hauser | Nominated | |
Game Changer Award | Paul Walter Hauser | Won | |||
Houston Film Critics Society Awards | January 2, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated | |
National Board of Review Awards | December 3, 2019 | Top 10 Films | Richard Jewell | Won | [59] |
Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Won | |||
Best Breakthrough Performance | Paul Walter Hauser | Won | |||
North Texas Film Critics Association | December 16, 2019 | Best Supporting Actress | Kathy Bates | Nominated |
References
[edit]- ^ "Richard Jewell". AFI Fest. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
- ^ a b c d D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 14, 2019). "'Jumanji: The Next Level' Advancing To $51M+ Opening; 'Richard Jewell' & 'Black Christmas' Earn Lumps Of Coal". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
- ^ a b "Richard Jewell (2019)". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
- ^ a b "Richard Jewell (2019)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
- ^ Climek, Chris (December 12, 2019). "Review: 'Richard Jewell' Clears One Name While Smearing Another". NPR. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
- ^ Brenner, Marie (February 1997). "American Nightmare: The Ballad of Richard Jewell". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- ^ Alexander, Kent; Salwen, Kevin (November 5, 2019). The Suspect: An Olympic Bombing, the FBI, the Media, and Richard Jewell, the Man Caught in the Middle. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-1419734625.
- ^ Lee, Benjamin (December 13, 2019). "Stop defending an irresponsible movie and start apologising". The Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
- ^ Tracy, Marc (December 12, 2019). "Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Is at the Center of a Media Storm". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
- ^ 'Richard Jewell' Star Paul Walter Hauser Says Landing Lead Role "Was A Total Shock" – The Contenders NY Video – Deadline
- ^ Kathy Bates On 'Richard Jewell' Controversy: "I Worried It Would Affect How People Would Feel Toward The Film" – Deadline
- ^ Laura Dern wins Best Supporting Actress - Oscars on YouTube
- ^ Golden Globes
- ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (February 4, 2014). "'Wolf Of Wall Street's Leonardo DiCaprio & Jonah Hill Plan Re-Team In Story Of Richard Jewell; Labelled Hero, Then Falsely Vilified As Bomber At 1996 Atlanta Olympics". Deadline.
- ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 11, 2014). "Paul Greengrass Circling Richard Jewell Pic With Leonardo DiCaprio, Jonah Hill". Deadline.
- ^ Han, Angie (April 1, 2015). "Clint Eastwood Eyes Richard Jewell Movie Starring Jonah Hill". /Film.
- ^ Busch, Anita (November 15, 2016). "'O.J. Made In America' Helmer Ezra Edelman In Talks To Direct Richard Jewell Movie".
- ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (April 18, 2019). "Clint Eastwood Circling 'Ballad Of Richard Jewell' For Fox/Disney". Deadline.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (May 24, 2019). "Warner Bros. Lands Clint Eastwood's 'The Ballad of Richard Jewell' From Fox-Disney (EXCLUSIVE)".
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 10, 2019). "Sam Rockwell Joins Clint Eastwood's 'The Ballad of Richard Jewell'". Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- ^ "Clint Eastwood Casts 'BlacKkKlansman' Actor as Lead in Richard Jewell Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. June 12, 2019.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 13, 2019). "Kathy Bates Joining Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell'".
- ^ Kroll, Justin (June 18, 2019). "Olivia Wilde, Jon Hamm Join Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' (EXCLUSIVE)".
- ^ Galuppo, Mia (June 20, 2019). "Ian Gomez Joins Clint Eastwood's Richard Jewell Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ Kit, Borys (July 17, 2019). "Tony Winner Nina Arianda Joins Clint Eastwood's Richard Jewell Drama (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
- ^ "Feature Films: 'Jewell'". Backstage.
- ^ DeGeneres, Ellen (December 9, 2019). "Clint Eastwood Went to Work Despite a Looming Studio Fire". The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Season 17. Episode 64. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
- ^ iNews (December 9, 2019). "Clint Eastwood didn't let Southern California wildfires keep him Warner Bros lot despite evacuation". intercontinentalnews.com. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
- ^ "RICHARD JEWELL - Official Trailer [HD]". Warner Bros. Pictures. October 3, 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ Day-Ramos, Dino (October 8, 2019). "Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' To Make World Premiere At AFI Fest". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 27, 2019). "Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Enters Awards Season With December Release". Deadline. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott. "Friday Box Office: 'Richard Jewell' And 'Black Christmas' Flop, 'Uncut Gems' And 'Bombshell' Break Out". Forbes. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ ""Richard Jewell" flops at the box office its opening weekend following controversy". www.cbsnews.com. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ McCarthy, Tyler (December 16, 2019). "Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' flops at the box office in its opening weekend despite critical acclaim". Fox News. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ "Clint Eastwood suffers worst opening in four decades as controversial 'Richard Jewell' flops". www.yahoo.com. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ Rubin, Rebecca (December 11, 2019). "Can 'Jumanji' Sequel Achieve Next-Level Box Office Success?". Variety. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
- ^ "'Jumanji 2' Roars to $60M Opening While A24's 'Uncut Gems' Delivers Studio Record Debut". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ Rubin, Rebecca (December 16, 2019). "Clint Eastwood suffers worst opening in four decades with 'Richard Jewell'". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott. "Box Office: 'Black Christmas' And 'Richard Jewell' Both Disappoint While 'Uncut Gems' Breaks Records". Forbes. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ "Box Office Bust: Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Derailed by Apathy, Not Controversy". Hollywood Reporter. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 22, 2019). "'Star Wars: Rise Of Skywalker' Force Grips 3rd Best December Opening With $193M+; Drat Those 'Cats' $7.6M, 'Bombshell' $5.8M – Saturday AM Early Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 28, 2019). "'Star Wars: Rise Of Skywalker' Chasing 'Last Jedi' With $76M 2nd Weekend; 'Little Women' Not So Tiny With $29M 5-Day". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
- ^ "Richard Jewell (2019)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
- ^ "Richard Jewell Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ Miller, Julie (December 13, 2019). "The Richard Jewell Controversy—And the Complicated Truth About Kathy Scruggs". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Hilary; Sinha-Roy, Piya (December 2, 2019). "Olivia Wilde Defends 'Richard Jewell' Journalist Portrayal Amid Backlash". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
- ^ Brett, Jennifer (December 11, 2019). "Cox, AJC seek 'Richard Jewell' disclaimer in letter to Clint Eastwood". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ Cohen, Li (December 10, 2019). ""Richard Jewell" film under fire for depiction of Atlanta-Journal Constitution reporter Kathy Scruggs". CBS News. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
- ^ Lang, Brent (December 9, 2019). "Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell': Atlanta Newspaper Demands Disclaimer on Depiction of Female Reporter". Variety. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
- ^ a b DiManno, Rosie (December 11, 2019). "Clint Eastwood movie 'Richard Jewell' commits same sin it purports to expose". The Star. Toronto. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ Nathoo, Zulekha. "Why new Richard Jewell film is being blasted for 'misogynistic' portrayal of journalist". CBC News.
- ^ a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 3, 2019). "'Richard Jewell' Controversy: Olivia Wilde Calls Out Double Standard of Sexism". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
- ^ Klimek, Chris (December 12, 2019). "Sneer Campaign: 'Richard Jewell'". NPR. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ "Netflix gets the most Oscar nods of any studio, with 'Irishman' and 'Marriage Story' nominated for Best Picture". TechCrunch. January 13, 2020. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ 2020|Oscars.org
- ^ "AFI Awards 2019 Honorees Announced". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ The 2019 Detroit Film Critics Society (DFCS) Nominations, Next best picture.
- ^ Golden Globes Nominations: 'Marriage Story', Netflix, 'Once Upon A Time in Hollywood' Lead Way in Film – Full List of Nominations, Dead line 2019-12.
- ^ 'The Irishman' Named Best Film by National Board of Review, Quentin Tarantino Wins Best Director, Dead line 2019-12.
External links
[edit]- 2019 films
- 2019 biographical drama films
- 2010s historical drama films
- 2019 controversies in the United States
- American biographical drama films
- American historical drama films
- Appian Way Productions films
- Drama films based on actual events
- Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Films about journalists
- Films about the 1996 Summer Olympics
- Films based on multiple works
- Films based on newspaper and magazine articles
- Films based on non-fiction books
- Films directed by Clint Eastwood
- Films produced by Clint Eastwood
- Films produced by Jonah Hill
- Films produced by Leonardo DiCaprio
- Films scored by Arturo Sandoval
- Films set in Atlanta
- Films set in 1986
- Films set in 1996
- Films set in 2003
- Films set in the 1990s
- Films shot in Atlanta
- Films with screenplays by Billy Ray
- Political controversies in film
- Obscenity controversies in film
- Malpaso Productions films
- Warner Bros. films
- 2019 drama films
- 2010s English-language films
- 2010s American films
- English-language biographical drama films
- English-language historical drama films
- Crime films based on actual events