Bids for the 2036 Summer Olympics
Summer Winter
2036 Summer Paralympics |
The 2036 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXVI Olympiad, is an upcoming international multi-sport event.
Bidding process
[edit]The new IOC bidding process was approved at the 134th IOC Session on 24 June 2019 in Lausanne, Switzerland. The key proposals, driven by the relevant recommendations from Olympic Agenda 2020, are:[1][2]
- Establish a permanent, ongoing dialogue to explore and create interest among cities/regions/countries and National Olympic Committees for any Olympic event
- Create two Future Host Commissions (Summer and Winter Games) to oversee interest in future Olympic events and report to the IOC executive board
- Give the IOC Session more influence by having non-executive board members form part of the Future Host Commissions.
The IOC also modified the Olympic Charter to increase its flexibility by removing the date of election from 7 years before the games and changing the host as a city from a single city/region/country to multiple cities, regions, or countries.
The change in the bidding process was criticised by members of the German bid as "incomprehensible" and hard to surpass "in terms of non-transparency".[3]
Future host summer commissions
[edit]The full composition of the summer commissions, to oversee interested hosts, or with potential hosts, where the IOC may want to create interest, is as follows:[4]
IOC members (6) | Other members (4) |
---|---|
Dialogue stages
[edit]According to Future Host Commission terms of reference with rules of conduct, the new IOC bidding system is divided into 2 dialogue stages are:[5]
- Continuous Dialogue: Non-committal discussions between the IOC and Interested Parties (City/Region/Country/NOC interested in hosting) concerning hosting future Olympic events.
- Targeted Dialogue: Targeted discussions with one or more Interested Parties (called Preferred Host(s)), as instructed by the IOC Executive Board.
Confirmed bids
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Nusantara | Indonesia | Indonesian Olympic Committee (KOI) | Stakeholders |
On 1 July 2021, the Committee chief of the Indonesian Olympic Committee announced that Indonesia would bid for the 2036 Summer Olympics after they failed to secure the 2032 edition, which were awarded to Brisbane. The Committee chief Raja Sapta Oktohari said, "We will not back down and will continue to fight for the 2036 Olympics," promising more solid preparation. Indonesia previously hosted the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang.[6] On 3 August 2022, President Joko Widodo announced plans to hold the 2036 Olympics in Nusantara, the new capital city of Indonesia.[7] Jokowi later reaffirmed his country's efforts in November of the same year. On 16 November 2022, he confirmed that they would bid with the new capital Nusantara, which is under construction.[8] A successful bid would make 2036 the fourth Summer Olympics held in Asia, and make Indonesia the first country to host a Summer Olympics in Southeast Asia and the ASEAN region. On 30 March 2024, while speaking with Antara, the Indonesian Olympic Committee president, Raja Sapta Oktohari stated that the committee is still engaged in dialogue with the IOC, and that an observing delegation would visit the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, and additionally monitor the preparations of the 2028 Summer Olympics organizing committee.[9] In October 2024, it was reported that the Minister of Youth and Sports, Dito Ariotedjo, claimed that Indonesia had received an offer to host the 2036 Olympics and the Youth Olympic Games. According to the minister, the offer came directly from IOC President Thomas Bach. Dito said he has explored the possibility of Indonesia hosting the Olympics and concluded that the country is capable of being a host of international sports events. Aside from Nusantara, "some of the options are Jakarta and Bali, as well as Jakabaring (Palembang, South Sumatra) and Medan (North Sumatra). The sports venues are spread across Indonesia, and I believe we are capable of hosting the Olympics, as long as we’re serious (in preparation),” he said.[10] | |||
Istanbul | Turkey | Turkish National Olympic Committee (TMOK) | Stakeholders |
On 8 June 2020, the vice-president of the Turkish National Olympic Committee, Hazan Arat said, "Istanbul should be a candidate city for the 2032 Summer Olympic Games". The mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İmamoğlu, also stated: "We put forward our will, and in the name of Istanbul and Turkish people, we want to hold the Olympics and Paralympic Games in Istanbul".[11] On 14 July 2021, a bid to host the 2036 games was launched.[12] On 3 April 2023, a meeting took place between President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Secretary of Youth and Sports Mehmet Kasapoğlu and IOC President Thomas Bach, regarding the Turkish bid.[13] Istanbul will host the 2025 European Para Youth Games, the 2027 European Games and is wanting to host the 2027 European Para Championships, as part of a long-term bid to host the 2036 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[14][15][16] Istanbul bid unsuccessfully for the 2000, 2008 and 2020 Summer Olympics, which went to Sydney, Beijing and Tokyo respectively.[17] If the bid is successful, Istanbul will be the first city in the Middle East to host the Olympic Games. On 19 November 2024, the Turkish National Olympic Committee, the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Municipal Council of Istanbul presented their vision for their bid to the International Olympic Committee during an online meeting.[18] | |||
TBD (likely to be Ahmedabad, Delhi or multiple cities across India) | India | Indian Olympic Association (IOA) | |
India had previously expressed interest in hosting the 2032 Summer Olympics[19] but later chose to bid for bringing the 2036 Summer Olympics to an Indian city.[20] In 2021, the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) hired PwC as its consultant, which identified 22 sites in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar with a potential to host the Olympics.[21][22] A large sports complex named the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave (SVPSE) is being built in Ahmedabad which will include multi-sport venues.[23] Home Minister Amit Shah stated that the SVPSE will be developed to meet Olympic standards.[24][25] In October 2021, Indian Olympic Association president Narinder Batra stated that the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad could be the venue for the opening ceremony of the games.[26] In August 2023, Anurag Thakur, India's minister of sports backed Ahmedabad to be the host city.[27] India has also shown interest in bidding for the 2030 Summer Youth Olympics.[28] In October 2023, at the 141st IOC Session, Prime Minister Narendra Modi formally declared India's interest in bidding for the 2036 Olympics. If India's bid is approved, it would be the first time India hosted the Olympic Games.[29] The Mission Olympic Cell (MOC) of the Sports Authority of India has proposed including some native Indian sports in the 2036 Olympics, including yoga, kabaddi and kho-kho, as well as other sports popular in India, such as chess, T20 cricket and squash (the latter two will be featured at the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles).[30][31] In January 2024, during a state visit to Delhi during Republic Day in India, the French president Emmanuel Macron announced that his country would offer support for India's bid, with a plan for Franco–Indian cooperation to exchange expertise from Paris hosting the 2024 Summer Olympics to support the organization of the bid, and, if awarded, the games.[32] In September 2024, The New Indian Express reported that official bid committees had yet to be formed for the 2036 bid, and that there had been little to no support from the Indian Olympic Association for the bid. There are also concerns that despite venue plans being shown for Ahmedabad, no host city has been decided as of yet, with the IOC telling the newspaper that they had “not been informed by the IOA of any selected region”. During the Olympic Council of Asia’s General Assembly in September, India's Union Minister of Labour and Employment Mansukh Mandaviya said that “under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi we are going to bid for the 2030 Youth Olympics, but our focus remains on hosting the 2036 Olympics.”[33] On 1 October 2024, the Indian Olympic Association officially submitted a letter of intent to the Future Host Commission.[34][35] In December 2024, the Union Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports, Raksha Khadse, said that the Government of India is planning to improve and increase the number of sports facilities to Olympic-level standards across India.[36] In that same month, World Athletics president and IOC president candidate, Sebastian Coe, said that India can bolster its bid by successfully hosting more international-level sporting events, as the Athletics Federation of India had submitted a bid for the 2028 World Athletics U20 Championships and other athletics events.[37] | |||
Santiago | Chile | Chilean Olympic Committee (COCh) | |
During the 2023 Pan American Games, IOC president Thomas Bach suggested that the Chilean Olympic Committee consider bidding for the Olympics in the future after praising the games' organization.[38] Once the Games closed, the president of the organizing committee Harold Mayne-Nichols confirmed the intentions to evaluate a potential bid for 2036.[39] President Gabriel Boric supported the idea, saying that while a bid it is something that has to be studied carefully, Chile "has the right to dream bigger".[40] In addition, several members of the Chamber of Deputies has asked President Boric to take steps to register a formal bid.[41]
In May 2024, an interview with Harold Mayne-Nicholls, CEO of the 2023 Pan American Games Organizing Committee, said that Santiago was actively working towards a bid to host the 2036 Summer Olympics. He said that the country's Minister of Sports, Jaime Pizarro, and the Chilean Olympic Committee, were discussing the feasibility with the IOC. Pizarro also highlighted that Santiago's infrastructure was "in excellent condition." He also pointed out any necessary works that would be needed, such as extending the Santiago Metro to the international airport, building some new and sufficient venues, as well as a need to increase the capacity and technologies of existing venues to meet IOC requirements. An idea of events on Easter Island, and a preference to hold their games in October (which would mark the first Olympics since 2000 to be held outside the traditional summer window) to avoid the colder Southern Hemisphere winter, was also discussed.[42] In June 2024, Boric confirmed during his annual State of the Nation speech that Chile will offer a bid for the 2036 Olympic Games to be in Santiago, giving green light to the Ministry of Sports to start the process.[43] In October 2024, in a Panam Sports General Assembly held in Asunción, Paraguay, IOC president Thomas Bach, Minister of Sports, Jaime Pizarro, and Chilean Olympic Committee president Miguel Ángel Mujica discussed held a discussion regarding Santiago's bid. In an interview with EFE, Jaime Pizarro, said that "leveraging all the experience gained from the Pan American and Parapan American Games, we participated in continuous dialogues about all the preliminary processes, and the decision will be made before Los Angeles 2028." He shared how the venue plan could be used, which would involve venues decentralized across the country, such as Pichilemu hosting surfing, Viña del Mar hosting triathlon, and San Pedro de la Paz hosting rowing and canoeing. It is also expected experience will be gained, and potential will be shown from Chile hosting the 2025 Youth Parapan American Games, the 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, the 2025 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, the 2025 FIBA Women's AmeriCup, and the 2027 Special Olympics World Summer Games.[44] If successful, it will be the second South American city to host the Olympic Games, following Rio de Janeiro in 2016. |
Potential bids
[edit]Africa
[edit]As of 2024, the Olympic Games have never been staged in Africa, the only humanly habitable continent to hold this distinction. Consequently, if either country were to make a successful bid, the 2036 games would mark a historical first for the IOC.
City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
New Administrative Capital | Egypt | Egyptian Olympic Committee (EOC) |
Egypt has expressed interest in hosting the 2036 Summer Olympics in a multi-million dollar under-construction sports complex called the Egypt International Olympic City, 45 kilometers east of Cairo.[45] In January 2022, Egyptian Sports Minister Ashraf Sobhy revealed the country's plans to bid for the games and potentially seek to become the first nation in Africa to host the Olympic Games. Cairo had previously bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics and was not shortlisted, with the games eventually going to Beijing, China.[46] The project is stated to feature a 92,000-seat stadium, an Olympic-sized swimming pool, tennis courts and indoor venues.[47] If the New Administrative Capital is selected, the 2036 games would not only be the first staged in Africa, but also the first staged in the Middle East. In April 2024, BBC Sport reported that Egypt was preparing to table a proposal to the International Olympic Committee.[48] The Egyptian Olympic Committee is hoping that the success of their athletes at the 2024 Summer Olympics would help bolster Egypt's resume, which would benefit their bid should they launch it.[49] During the 2024 Summer Olympics, Mustapha Berraf, the head of the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa, announced during a press conference that Egypt was also bidding for the 2040 Summer Olympics.[50] | ||
TBD | South Africa | South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC) |
During the 2024 Summer Olympics, Mustapha Berraf, the president of the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa, mentioned during a press conference that Cape Town was considering a bid for a future Summer Olympic Games, without specifying an edition.[51] Cape Town previously bid for the 2004 Summer Olympics, losing to Athens. On 22 November 2024, the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee president, Barry Hendricks, alongside CEO Nozipho Jafta and the Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture, Gayton McKenzie met with the IOC’s Future Host Commission to explore the potential opportunities and requirements for South Africa to host the 2036 Olympics. According to IOC President Thomas Bach, "Africa is on the rise and South Africa has the stability, the infrastructure and vision to stage an Olympics".[52][53][54] On 2 December 2024, the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee president, Barry Hendricks, confirmed that South Africa's Olympic bid would be launched in February 2025.[55] |
Asia
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Seoul (potentially with Busan, Incheon, Gangwon Province or North Jeolla Province) | South Korea | Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (KSOC) |
The mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon said he is pursuing to host the 2036 Olympics quietly.[56][57] He met with International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 October 2022, and proposed Seoul's bid to host the Olympics. He also outlined the city's ongoing 2.1 trillion-won (US$1.46 billion) project to build a large-scale sports and entertainment complex (Jamsil Sports MICE Complex) in southeastern Seoul, saying the complex can be used as an instrumental facility for the 2036 Olympics. The Jamsil Sports MICE Complex is being built on the site of the Seoul Sports Complex, and will include the existing Seoul Olympic Stadium, as well as a new baseball stadium, a new indoor arena, an underground swimming pool as well as a convention and exhibition center and 3 hotels.[58] Bach responded that Seoul appears to be prepared to host an Olympics, referring to his recent visit to Seoul and briefings he received on the project.[59][60] If Seoul is selected, this Olympics would be the second Summer Olympic Games to be hosted in Seoul, after the 1988 Summer Olympics. In November 2024, the Korean Sports and Olympic Committee set a deadline of November 12 for cities or regions to submit letters of intent, with the committee expected to select a candidate in January 2025. The selection of candidates is for Seoul to spread venues across a larger region to use as many existing venues as they can. Partner cities could include Busan, Incheon, Gangwon or North Jeolla Province, with the latter also planning a sole bid. The governor of North Jeolla Province, Kim Gwan-young, had proposed North Jeolla Province's bid, with plans to use 22 existing venues (including a renovation of Jeonju World Cup Stadium to become an Olympic stadium) and constructing 11 temporary venues using wooden structures, with an expected budget of ₩10.3 trillion ($7.4 billion), with an economic return of ₩42 trillion ($30 billion).[61] | ||
Doha | Qatar | Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC) |
There are plans for Doha to host the 2036 Games, and there have been meetings with IOC President Thomas Bach. During these meetings, officials had claimed that 80 percent of the venues that would be required in Doha (and surrounding cities like Lusail and Al Rayyan) already exist, as well as the city boasting modern and capable transportation infrastructure. Doha previously bid for both the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics, but was not shortlisted either time. The Games would be awarded to Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, respectively.[62] Qatar hosted the 2006 Asian Games, 2022 FIFA World Cup, the 2023 AFC Asian Cup, the 2024 World Aquatics Championships, and is scheduled to host the 2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup and the 2030 Asian Games. If Doha is selected, it would be the first Olympic Games to be hosted in the Middle East. Towards the end of April 2024, Qatari newspaper Al-Watan reported that Qatari officials were preparing a comprehensive bid file.[63] On 28 May 2024, Spanish sports website Relevo reported that despite Doha's bid not being confirmed, it was preferred among IOC members, while Qatari officials outlining the final plans for their bid, which, according to Relevo, is allegedly a preferred host.[64] | ||
Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee (SAOC) |
With Saudi Arabia set to host the 2025 Olympic Esports Games, the 2034 FIFA World Cup, the 2034 Asian Games, as well as investing in LIV Golf, the 2024 Esports World Cup and the Saudi Pro League, along with plans to build a new Formula One track in Qiddiya, Saudi sport stakeholders have been considering on a bid to host the Olympics as early as 2036.[65] As with Istanbul, the New Administrative Capital and Doha, if Saudi Arabia successfully bids for the 2036 games, they would be the first held in the Middle East. |
Europe
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Budapest | Hungary | Hungarian Olympic Committee (MOB) |
After hosting the 2022 World Aquatics Championships and the 2023 World Athletics Championships, Budapest is hoping these events will help them achieve a long-term goal of hosting the Summer Olympics.[66] If Budapest is selected, it would mark the first summer Olympic Games to be held in a former Warsaw Pact state (as well as the first Olympic Games overall since 2014 to hold the distinction). In August 2024, the Mayor of Budapest, Gergely Karácsony, confirmed on RTL that he backed Budapest hosting the 2036 Olympics, but a bid would only be possible if the Prime Minister of Hungary increases the funding needed to bid for and host the games, as it is being withheld by an opposing political party.[67] In November 2024, the Curia of Hungary ruled that a referendum to determine whether Budapest should bid may be held, resulting in the overturning of a decision made by the General Assembly of Budapest.[68] | ||
Florence–Bologna or Turin | Italy | Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) |
In July 2021, the mayors of Florence Dario Nardella and Bologna Virginio Merola and the governors of Tuscany Eugenio Giani and Emilia Romagna Stefano Bonaccini expressed interest to present a bid for the 2036 Summer Olympics.[69] In July 2022, Turin City Council committed to the mayor supporting the application in front of the Piedmontese and Italian governments.[70] Turin previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics. | ||
Copenhagen | Denmark | National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF) |
Mia Nyegaard, mayor of the Culture and Leisure Committee of the Copenhagen City Council, considered a small-budget Olympics with minimal investment and using the facilities that the area has to offer. She stated that the plan would involve building a temporary Olympic Stadium and either the development of an athletes’ village that could later be converted to student and family housing, or using cruise ships in the Port of Copenhagen as the athletes’ village (which is similar to a passenger-cargo ship being used to house surfing athletes in Tahiti during the 2024 Summer Olympics).[71] The third edition of the SportsPro Hackathon, held in late February 2023, featured 14 teams from five countries competing in three challenges on three sustainable ideas for a 2036 Olympics in Copenhagen, which saw teams design a sustainable development for Copenhagen using a company part of The Olympic Partner (TOP) programme. The 3 winners, respectively, showed houses made from shipping containers for Airbnb, a cost-effective regeneration of Mjølnerparken that would also host the athlete's village, and a line of reusable drinks cups from Coca-Cola that would connect to a mobile app.[72] In September 2024, the Copenhagen City Council would budget 500,000 kroner to explore a 2036 Olympic bid, and the funds will also be used to submit a bid for the 2030 Summer Youth Olympics.[73] |
North America
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Toronto–Montreal | Canada | Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) |
On 3 February 2021, Le Journal de Montréal reported that the Canadian Olympic Committee was exploring the possibility of a joint Montreal–Toronto bid for either the 2032 or 2036 Summer Olympics.[74] Potential venues include those used for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and the 2015 Pan Am Games in Toronto. Toronto lost its bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics to Beijing, China.[75] |
Cancelled or rejected bids
[edit]Asia
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Chengdu-Chongqing | China | Chinese Olympic Committee (CHNOC) |
China launched a proposal for a joint bid involving Chengdu and Chongqing for the 2032 or the 2036 Summer Olympics.[76][77] In March 2018, Pu Hu, a member of the CPPCC Chengdu Committee, submitted a proposal for Chengdu to bid for the 2036 Olympic Games.[78] Chengdu hosted the 2021 Summer World University Games, and will host the 2025 World Games. There has been no news regarding the bid since, but a member of the Chengdu Municipal People's Congress had allegedly clarified that they will not submit a bid. |
Europe
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Madrid | Spain | Spanish Olympic Committee (COE) |
After multiple unsuccessful bids for the Summer Olympics, Spain had originally planned to bid for the 2036 Olympics, but later shifted its focus to restructure the bid criteria potentially for the 2040 Olympics or beyond.[79] Spanish Olympic Committee President Alejandro Blanco stated, "I have had several meetings with the Mayor of Madrid talking about this issue and Madrid, without a doubt, is a city that should try to host the Olympic Games, but it will not opt for the 2036 Games." In 2023 the president of the Community of Madrid, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, suggested that her city could be back on track. But the IOC Executive Board secrecy policy about current bid parties list makes unclear who is right on the destiny of the Madrid bid. To date, the only Olympic Games celebrated in the country were the 1992 Summer Olympics, which were held in Barcelona. Madrid had previously bid for the 1972, 2012, 2016, and the 2020 games. The latter games were awarded to Munich, London, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, respectively.[80] | ||
Odesa | Ukraine | National Olympic Committee of Ukraine (NOCU) |
Businessman and politician Borys Kolesnikov helped oversee Ukraine's co-hosting of UEFA Euro 2012 after being appointed as Deputy Prime Minister in 2010 and is the leader of the political party Ukraine is Our Home, created in early 2021.[81] In September 2021, he was quoted as expecting the 2036 Summer Olympic Games to generate income and development for the city's local economy and tourism.[82] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Odesa and its surrounding region have been the target of frequent shelling and air strikes by Russian forces, damaging infrastructure and residential buildings.[83] | ||
London | United Kingdom | British Olympic Association (BOA) |
In February 2019, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, announced the possibility of London hosting either the 2032 or 2036 Summer Olympics. The mayor remarked that 2032 "was not out of the question", but that a 2036 bid was more likely. London had the Summer Olympics in 1908, 1948, and 2012.[84][85] In the end, London did not submit a bid for 2032. In July 2022, Khan said he and his office were working on plans to bring the Olympics back to London in 2036 in what would be the "greenest Games ever".[86] In a January 2023 interview, the Mayor stated London would not submit a bid for 2036, and would instead explore the option of hosting the Games in 2040.[87] | ||
Poland (host city not specified) | Polish Olympic Committee (PKOI) | |
In July 2023, on TVP Sport, the Polish Minister of Sport and Tourism, Kamil Bortniczuk, spoke about his feelings about the third European Games held in Kraków and the possibility of organizing the Olympic Games. He said that Poland has made a huge step forward and is ready to host the Games in 2036, 2040, or 2044, without yet indicating which city would apply for it.[88] Announced in Zakopane by President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Minister of Sport and Tourism, Kamil Bortniczuk on 26 September 2023, during the European Sport and Tourism Congress.[89][90][91] After the 3rd European Games in Kraków, the Polish government expressed interest in submitting an application for the Games in 2036 or 2044, with Warsaw being the city likely to be chosen.[92] Following the 2023 Polish parliamentary election won by the Civic Coalition led by Prime Minister Donald Tusk, on 5 January 2024, the Polish Minister of Sport and Tourism Slawomir Nitras announced that the country was not ready to further pursue its bid to host the 2036 Olympic and Paralympic Games. When speaking to the Polish Press Agency, he said that "it would be necessary to make a bid and participate in a competition with other countries. Poland is not ready for that today."[93] During a conference in Karczew in August 2024, Tusk said that Poland would focus on bidding for the 2040 or 2044 Olympics, as based on IOC's preliminary assessment that would be more viable.[94][95][96] | ||
Berlin | Germany | German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) |
Since these OIympics will mark 100 years since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, LSB President Thomas Härtel envisioned a campaign reminiscent of the 2006 FIFA World Cup and its motto, "Die Welt zu Gast bei Freunden" ("A time to make friends"), and proposed a joint bid of Berlin and Tel Aviv. However, the idea to host the games together with Israel has since been abandoned as German stakeholders are leaning towards a sole German host.[97] Other potential cities are Hamburg, Munich, Düsseldorf, Leipzig, as well as the regions of North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria. In autumn 2023, DOSB toured through German cities to discuss a potential bid with the local population, because of the previously rejected Hamburg 2024 bid in a referendum.[98] The Governing Mayor of Berlin, Kai Wegner announced his support for the bid on 13 November 2023.[99] On 24 July 2024, the Federal Cabinet announced that it would prefer to see Germany host the 2040 Summer Olympics, as that would mark the 50th anniversary of the Reunification of Germany.[100] | ||
Barcelona | Spain | Spanish Olympic Committee (COE) |
On October 8, 2024, the sports councilor of Barcelona, David Escudé, announced that his city is open to a bid for the Olympic Games in 2036, 2040 or 2044. He said that for Barcelona sports are an "intangible part of city pride".[101][102][103] Barcelona had previously hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics. At the end of October 2024, the City Council of Barcelona rejected a potential bid. The decision was a direct result of local anti-tourism protests.[104] |
North America
[edit]City | Country | National Olympic Committee |
---|---|---|
Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey and/or Tijuana | Mexico | Mexican Olympic Committee (COM) |
Carlos Padilla, president of the Mexican Olympic Committee, believes that Guadalajara is one of the four Mexican cities (next to Mexico City, Tijuana and Monterrey) that could attempt to host an Olympic Games after 2026. In an interview with ESPN, the director said that those four cities "have everything" to seek to be headquarters, but not immediately.[105] Guadalajara hosted the 2011 Pan American Games and the 2023 Gay Games along with Hong Kong. Marcelo Ebrard, the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs, stated on social media that if a bid is authorised by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Mexico City will seek to host the 2036 or 2040 Olympic Games. The city last hosted the Summer Olympics in 1968.[106]
On 26 October 2022, the Foreign Affairs Secretary of Mexico, Marcelo Ebrard, alongside the President of the Mexican Olympic Committee, Maria Jose Alcala, announced that Mexico City would be officially bidding to host the games in 2036. On 25 March 2023, the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Marcelo Ebrard and the President of the Mexican Olympic Committee, María José Alcalá, handed over an official letter of intent to IOC President Thomas Bach.[107] Mexico's candidacy marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of Mexican Olympism, as part of the International Olympic Movement.[108] On 16 January 2024, Mexico withdrew their bid, citing tough competition. They expressed interest in bidding for future Pan American Games and Youth Olympic Games, which they believe they will have a better chance at hosting.[109] |
References
[edit]- ^ "Future Olympic Games elections to be more flexible". International Olympic Committee. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Evolution of the revolution: IOC transforms future Olympic Games elections". International Olympic Committee. 26 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "German officials bemoan 'non-transparency' of 2032 Olympics bid selection". The Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 26 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "IOC Members Kristin Kloster Aasen and Octavian Morariu lead Future Host Commissions". International Olympic Committee. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ "Future Host Commissions: Terms of Reference" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 3 October 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Indonesia to bid for 2036 Olympics after 2032 failure". english.kyodonews.net. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ Shofa, Jayanty Nada (3 August 2022). "Indonesia plans the 2036 Olympics in the new capital city". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Barker, Philip (16 November 2022). "Bach welcomes Widodo's confirmation of 2036 Indonesia Olympic and Paralympic bid". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (1 April 2024). "Indonesia continues push to host 2036 Olympic Games as delegation set to visit Paris 2024". GamesBids. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ Afifa, Laila (2 October 2024). "Sports Minister Optimistic Indonesia Will Host 2036 Olympics, Mulls Four Cities as Options". Tempo. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Tavsan, Sinan (13 July 2021). "Istanbul launches bid to host 2036 Summer Olympics". asia.nikkei.com. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ Lloyd, Owen (14 July 2021). "Istanbul Mayor launches bid for 2036 Olympic Games". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ Lloyd, Owen (3 April 2023). "Erdoğan welcomes Bach in Istanbul following interest in 2036 Olympics". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ "Istanbul, Türkiye, to host 2025 European Para Youth Games". 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Turkey to bid for 2027 European Para Championships with view to 2036 Paralympics". www.insidethegames.biz. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ "Istanbul's interest in 2027 European Games revealed before EOC General Assembly". www.insidethegames.biz. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (8 June 2020). "Turkish Sport Official Calls For Istanbul 2032 Olympic Bid". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Istanbul 2036 Meeting Held with IOC Future Host Commission". Turkish National Olympic Committee. 19 November 2024.
- ^ Zaccardi, Nick (19 April 2018). "India plans bid for 2032 Olympics, plus 2 more major sports events". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ Mishra, Jay (9 June 2021). "Ahmedabad Eyeing Hosting Rights for 2036 Olympics: Report". News18. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "22 sites considered suitable for hosting Olympics in Gujarat; state govt to engage with IOC soon". The Economic Times. 19 November 2021. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ Parmar, Jignesh (6 August 2021). "Are City Hostels Fit For Olympic Stars". Ahmedabad Mirror. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ Dave, Kapil (19 August 2023). "Athletes' village to come up on 136 acres in Bhat in PPP mode". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "President Shri Ram Nath Kovind performed Bhoomi Pujan (groundbreaking ceremony) of a huge sports enclave in Ahmedabad, Gujarat named after Bharat Ratna and brave son of Gujarat, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel". pib.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "Will Ahmedabad's Narendra Modi Stadium Host The Olympics In 2036 or 2040". outlookindia.com. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "2036 Olympics bid: Ahmedabad will be India's choice for opening ceremony, says IOC chief". Times of India. 10 October 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ Hussain, Sabi (28 December 2022). "India ready to bid for 2036 Olympics: Anurag Thakur | More sports News - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
- ^ Deshpande, Abhinay (14 October 2023). "PM Modi confirms India's intention to bid for 2036 Olympics, 2029 Youth Olympics". sportstar.thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Nair, Rohith; Ponnezhath, Maria (14 October 2023). "India wants to host summer Games in 2036, says PM Modi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "India to push its Olympics 2036 bid in Paris, seek inclusion of yoga, kabaddi, kho-kho". India Today. 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "India to promote 2036 Olympic bid in Paris, push for Indic sports inclusion". www.insidethegames.biz. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (27 January 2024). "France will help support India's 2036 Olympics bid, President Macron vows". GamesBids.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (23 September 2024). "With focus shifted to 2030 Youth Olympics bid, India's run at 2036 Summer Games begins to fade". GamesBids.com.
- ^ Kumar Srivastava, Nitin (5 November 2024). "India makes formal bid to host 2036 Olympics". India Today.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (5 November 2024). "Despite IOA chaos, India's 2036 Olympic bid launched with letter of intent delivered to IOC". GamesBids.com.
- ^ ""We Are Trying To Work With States...": Sports Minister Raksha Khadse On India's Bid To Host 2036 Olympics". NDTV. 20 December 2024.
- ^ "What Sebastian Coe, IOC presidential candidate, thinks can help India win 2036 Olympics hosting bid". Firstpost. 20 December 2024.
- ^ "During the 2023 Pan American Games, speculation began about a future Olympic bid". Emol (in Spanish). 23 October 2023. [permanent dead link ]
- ^ Miranda, Gonzalo (7 November 2023). "Harold Mayne-Nicholls insistirá en la organización de los JJ.OO. 2036: 'Nadie tiene derecho a quitarnos un sueño'" [Harold Mayne-Nicholls will insist on organising the 2036 Olympic Games: "Nobody has the right to take away our dream".]. ADN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ Miranda, Gonzalo (24 October 2023). "Presidente Boric y la opción de albergar los Juegos Olímpicos 2036: 'Tenemos el derecho a soñar en grande'" [President Boric and the option to host the 2036 Olympic Games: "We have the right to dream big".]. ADN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ "¿Juegos Olímpicos Santiago 2036?: Parlamentarios aspiran que Chile sea sede del evento multideportivo « Diario y Radio Universidad Chile" [Santiago 2036 Olympic Games: Parliamentarians want Chile to host the multi-sport event]. radio.uchile.cl (in European Spanish). 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ Picazo, Raúl Daffunchio (25 May 2024). "Thomas Bach's encouragement sparks Chile's 2036 Olympic bid". Inside the Games.
- ^ "Urgente: Presidente Boric anuncia postulación de Santiago como sede de los JJOO 2036". Al Aire Libre. 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (4 October 2024). "Chile among several nations currently in dialogue to host the 2036 Olympic Games with decision expected "before LA 2028": Sport Minister". GamesBids. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Nestler, Stefan; Yang, William (17 January 2022). "Olympics 2036: Egypt looking to reach top of international sports pyramid". Dw.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ Sawy, Nada El (3 January 2022). "Egypt considering bid for 2036 Olympic games". thenationalnews.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ Berkeley, Geoff (2 January 2022). "Egyptian Sports Minister reveals plan to bid for 2036 Olympic Games". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022.
- ^ Vedan, Eshlin; Stevens, Rob (17 April 2024). "Will Africa ever host the Olympic Games as Egypt prepares 2036 bid?". BBC Sport. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (6 June 2024). "Egypt aims for athletic success at Paris 2024 to build resume for 2036 Olympics bid". Gamesbids.com. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ IANS (12 August 2024). "Egypt eyes historic Olympic bid for 2036 and 2040". The Statesman. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (14 August 2024). "In Paris, several nations flexed with plans to bid for future Olympic Games. Here's a list". GamesBids.com.
- ^ "IOC welcomes interest from South Africa to host future Olympic Games in 2036". International Olympic Committee. 25 November 2024.
- ^ "SA explores hosting 2036 Olympics and Paralympics". SASCOC. 23 November 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (22 November 2024). "South Africa kicks off 2036 Olympic bid with official meetings at IOC headquarters". Gamesbids.com.
- ^ "SASCOC to launch hosting bid for 2036 Olympic Games". SABC. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
- ^ "Oh says he's pursuing 2036 Olympic Games 'quietly'". Korea Joongang Daily. 20 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Boram, Park (20 October 2022). "Seoul Mayor Oh to go on 11-day trip to key European cities". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Jamsil MICE Complex set to be showstopper". Coliseum Global Sports Venue Alliance. 1 April 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ Boram, Park (26 October 2022). "Seoul Mayor Oh meets with IOC chief in Lausanne to promote Seoul's bid for the 2036 Olympics". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Olympic committees meet in Seoul for convention". Korea JoongAng Daily. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (8 November 2024). "South Korean regions position for 2036 Olympic bid while NOC faces autonomy crisis". GamesBids.com.
- ^ Mackay, Duncan (15 April 2022). "Doha has been snubbed for the Olympics twice, so will make sure is third time lucky". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (27 April 2024). "Qatar furthers progress towards 2036 Olympic Games bid". GamesBids.com. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ "Doha to host 2036 Olympics, says respected Spanish sports site Relevo". Inside the Games. 28 May 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (5 March 2024). "Saudi Arabia launches unlosable 2034 FIFA World Cup bid with slogan, logo, website and an updated roadmap". GamesBids.com. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ Mackay, Duncan (11 August 2023). "Budapest Mayor accepts invitation from Coe to attend World Athletics Championships after dispute settled". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (25 August 2024). "Budapest 2036 Olympic bid has support from municipal and federal governments only if opposing parties resolve differences". GamesBids.com.
- ^ Csonka, Tamas (14 November 2024). "Budapest to hold referendum on hosting 2036 Olympics Games". bne IntelliNews.
- ^ Iovane, Domenico (3 August 2021). "Le sedi delle prossime olimpiadi? Ecco quali città le ospiteranno (E chi sta pensando di candidarsi)" [The venues for the next Olympics? Here are which cities will host them (and who is thinking of applying)]. True-news.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ Spinello, Vincenzo (4 July 2022). "Torino potrebbe candidarsi come città ospitante delle Olimpiadi del 2036" [Turin could bid as host city for the 2036 Olympics]. Quotidiano Piemontese (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (11 April 2022). "City politician considers sustainable Copenhagen 2036 Olympic bid on a small budget". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ Jones, Rory (27 March 2023). "SportsPro Hackathon 2023: Three sustainable ideas for a 2036 Olympics in Copenhagen". SportsProMedia. SportsPro. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Robert Livingstone (9 September 2024). "Copenhagen to bid for 2030 Youth Olympics and study possible run at 2036 Olympic Games in Denmark". GamesBids.com. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Tremblay, Réjean (3 February 2021). "Les Jeux olympiques partagés" [The shared Olympic Games]. Le Journal de Montréal (in French). Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ "Montreal and Toronto together in the adventure of the Olympic Games?". Inspired Traveler - Latest News. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021. [permanent dead link ]
- ^ White, Jonathan (28 November 2020). "China to bid for 2032 Olympics in Sichuan: reports". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ Slater, Jack; Richards, Evelyn (8 August 2021). "Where the next 2024, 2028 and 2032 Olympics will be held". Metro. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ Dreyer, Mark (5 March 2018). "Are the Olympics coming to China's panda capital, Chengdu?". China Sports Insider. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (23 March 2022). "Spain abandons Madrid 2036 Olympic bid to focus on possible Pyrenees-Barcelona 2030 Winter Games". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ Brennan, Eliott (23 March 2022). "Spanish Olympic Committee President rules out bid to host 2036 Olympic Games". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ "Лідером нової партії "Україна - наш дім" обрано Бориса Колеснікова" [Borys Kolesnikov elected leader of new party "Ukraine is our home"]. Interfax-Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 30 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^ Burke, Patrick (30 September 2021). "Odessa bid for 2036 Olympic Games possible, Ukrainian politician Kolesnikov moots". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ "Russia unleashes more strikes on Ukraine, as UN says Black Sea grain deal extended". ABC News. 17 November 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ Wilson, Jeremy (26 February 2019). "Mayor of London and UK Sport back idea of London bid for 2036 Olympics". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "London backed to make bid for the 2036 Olympic Games". The Week UK. 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "London working on bid to host 'greenest ever' Olympics and Paralympics, says Mayor Sadiq Khan". Sky Sports. 22 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ Marius, Callum; Percival, Richard (30 January 2023). "Sadiq Khan hints London could bid for 2040 Olympics". MyLondon. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ "Poland should bid to host 2036 Olympics: sports minister - English Section - polskieradio.pl". polskieradio.pl. 6 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
- ^ "Poland plans 2036 Olympic bid". NBC Sports. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Kalemba, Tomasz (26 September 2023). "Ruszył Europejski Kongres Sportu i Turystyki. I od razu zapowiedź wielkiego wydarzenia" [The European Congress of Sport and Tourism has started. And immediately the announcement of a great event]. Interia Sport (in Polish). Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Potocka, Joanna (27 September 2023). "Polska chce zorganizować letnie igrzyska olimpijskie 2036" [Poland wants to organize the 2036 Summer Olympics]. RMF 24 (in Polish). Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Charlish, Alan; Florkiewicz, Pawel (27 September 2023). "Poland says it will bid to hold the Olympics in 2036". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Livingstone, Robert (5 January 2024). "Poland backtracks on 2036 Olympic bid proposed by President, sport minister claims nation not ready". GamesBids.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "Polska chce zorganizować Igrzyska Olimpijskie". www.pap.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Poland To Bid For Summer Olympics In 2040 Or 2044". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ S.A, Telewizja Polska. "Poland seeks to host Olympic Games". tvpworld.com (in Polish). Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ "Olympia 2036 in Berlin und Tel Aviv?" [2036 Olympics in Berlin and Tel Aviv?]. Stadionwelt (in German). Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "DOSB LÄDT HAMBURG ZUM DIALOG ÜBER OLYMPIA EIN" [DOSB invites Hamburg to a dialogue about the Olympics]. Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund (in German). 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ Picazo, Raúl Daffunchio (13 November 2023). "Berlin 2036: Government Support for the Candidacy". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Germany To Bid For 2040 Summer Olympics". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "Barcelona opens door to hosting future Olympic Games again". Catalan News Agency. 8 October 2024.
- ^ Daffunchio Picazo, Raúl (9 October 2024). "Barcelona opens door to hosting the Olympic Games in 2036". Inside the Games.
- ^ "Barcelona opens the door to the Olympic Games in 2036". Francs Jeux. 10 October 2024.
- ^ Oller, Alex (29 October 2024). "Barcelona votes no-go on Olympics do-over". Inside the Games.
- ^ "Guadalajara podría buscar ser sede de las Olimpiadas: presidente del COM" [Guadalajara could seek to host the Olympics: COM president]. Informador.mx (in Spanish). 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Marcelo Ebrard asegura que llevarán propuesta para que México sea sede de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2036" [Marcelo Ebrard assures that they will submit a proposal for Mexico to host the 2036 Olympic Games.]. ESPN.mx (in Spanish). 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- ^ "Mexico hopes to host Summer Olympics in 2036 or 2040". ESPN. Associated Press. 25 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Mexico Presents Formal Proposal To Organize 2036 Olympic Games". Boxscore News. 25 March 2023. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
- ^ "Olympic Games 2036: Mexico withdraws bid to host the summer games". The Times of India. 17 January 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.