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Climate and Nature Bill
Parliament of the United Kingdom
  • A Bill to require the Secretary of State to achieve climate and nature targets for the United Kingdom; to give the Secretary of State a duty to implement a strategy to achieve those targets; to establish a Climate and Nature Assembly to advise the Secretary of State in creating that strategy; to give duties to the Committee on Climate Change and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee regarding the strategy and targets; and for connected purposes.
Territorial extentEngland and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
Legislative history
Bill titleClimate and Nature Bill
Introduced byRoz Savage
Introduced16 October 2024
First reading16 October 2024
Second reading24 January 2025
Summary
A Bill to require the Secretary of State to achieve climate and nature targets for the United Kingdom; to give the Secretary of State a duty to implement a strategy to achieve those targets; to establish a Climate and Nature Assembly to advise the Secretary of State in creating that strategy; to give duties to the Committee on Climate Change and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee regarding the strategy and targets; and for connected purposes.
Status: Pending

The Climate and Nature Bill, formerly promoted as the Climate and Ecology Bill, is a private member's bill before the Parliament of the United Kingdom aimed at tackling the "climate crisis" and "environmental disaster".

The bill, was reintroduced in the House of Commons by Liberal Democrat MP, Roz Savage on 16 October 2024, and would ensure that the UK Government:

  • reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in line with the UK's proportionate share of the remaining global carbon budget for 1.5 °C
  • reverses the damage to the natural world by 2030
  • establishes a temporary climate and nature (citizens') assembly to recommend measures for inclusion in an all-of-government strategy.

Over the 2019-24 Parliament, the bill was presented twice by (the former Green MP for Brighton Pavilion) Caroline Lucas. In the 2019-21 session, the first reading of the CE Bill (Bill 172, 2019-20) took place on 2 September 2020.

In the 2021-22 session, the CE Bill (Bill 61, 2021-22) had its first reading on 21 June 2021. A second reading debate was scheduled for 6 May 2022—but the bill was not allocated time to proceed.

In the 2022-23 session, the CE Bill (HL Bill 13) was introduced in the House of Lords by (Liberal Democrat peer and former energy spokesperson) Lord Redesdale. Its first reading took place on 21 May 2022, second reading was 15 July 2022, committee stage was 18 November 2022, report stage was 25 January 2023, and third reading was 21 April. Liberal Democrat MP, Wera Hobhouse, 'carried over' the bill to the House of Commons.

In the same 2022-23 session, the CE Bill (No.2) (Bill 304, 2022-23) was reintroduced in the House of Commons by Olivia Blake (Labour, Sheffield Hallam) on 10 May 2023. At that moment, the Labour Party offered its support for the "ambition and objectives" of the bill.[1]

In the 2023-24 session, the CAN Bill (Bill 192, 2023-24) was reintroduced in the House of Commons by Alex Sobel MP (Labour/Co-op, Leeds North West) on 21 March 2024.

In the new 2024-29 Parliament, the Liberal Democrat MP for the South Cotswolds, Roz Savage, tabled the CAN Bill on 16 October. Dr Savage was drawn third in the 2024 private members' bill ballot and, unlike earlier presentations of the bill, will be allocated parliamentary time for the bill to progress in the 2024-25 session. Its second reading will take place on 24 January 2025.

Objectives

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The bill would "require the Secretary of State to achieve climate and nature targets for the UK; to give the Secretary of State a duty to implement a strategy to achieve those targets; to establish a climate and nature assembly to advise the Secretary of State in creating that strategy; [and] to give duties to the Committee on Climate Change and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee regarding the strategy and targets."[2][3][4][5]

It would establish a representative climate and nature assembly to propose recommendations in line with the proposed legislation's dual targets to tackle the climate and ecological emergency.[6][7]

John Harris wrote in The Guardian that:

The bill is a neat means of doing two things. It highlights how much our politicians are defying the urgency of the moment and—by presenting clear and precise proposals to drastically reduce carbon emissions and restore biodiversity in the same typefaces and official vocabulary as the laws that define whole swathes of our lives—it makes the prospect of radical action eminently imaginable.[6]

Former Cabinet Minister for Energy and net zero tsar, Chris Skidmore, wrote in Labour List that:

It’s time for a new generation to carry us forward. A Climate and Nature Act can deliver the bold, new, science-led framework Britain needs; and begin to restore the UK’s position as a leader on climate and nature action. As the Climate Change Act did in 2008, this is the moment to offer hope. Hope that—yes—this generation of political leaders can turn the tide.

History

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2019-24 Parliament

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2019-21 session

In the 2019-21 session, Caroline Lucas tabled the bill—and corresponding early day motion 832—on 2 September 2020. It received its first reading the same day[8] and its scheduled second reading date of 26 March 2021 was postponed. 11 MPs co-sponsored the bill—Alan Brown (SNP), Claire Hanna (Social Democratic and Labour Party), Wera Hobhouse (Liberal Democrat), Clive Lewis (Labour), Liz Saville Roberts (Plaid Cymru), Stephen Farry (Alliance), Ben Lake (Plaid Cymru), Tommy Sheppard (SNP), Alex Sobel (Labour/Co-op), Zarah Sultana (Labour) and Nadia Whittome (Labour).[9]

2021-22 session

In the 2021-22 session, Caroline Lucas tabled the bill on 21 June 2021 with the support of 11 co-sponsors—Alan Brown (SNP), Ed Davey (Liberal Democrat), Stephen Farry (Alliance), Barry Gardiner (Labour), Claire Hanna (Social Democratic and Labour Party), Ben Lake (Plaid Cymru), Clive Lewis (Labour), Brendan O'Hara (SNP), Sarah Olney (Liberal Democrat), Liz Saville Roberts (Plaid Cymru) and Alex Sobel (Labour/Co-op). During that session, the bill was scheduled for a second reading debate on four occasions—10 September 2021, 29 October 2021, 10 December 2021 and 6 May 2022.

2022-23 session: CE Bill (No. 1)

For the 2022-23 session, the CE Bill was entered in the House of Lords new session private members' bill ballot by (Liberal Democrat peer) Lord Redesdale. It was drawn 8 of 25 private member's bills. Its first reading took place on 21 May 2022 and its second reading on 15 July 2022. At its second reading, a cross-party group of peers spoke in favour, including Baroness Hooper (Conservative), Baroness Boycott (Crossbench), the Bishop of St Albans, (Liberal Democrat peers) Lord Teverson and Lord Oates, and (Green peer) Baroness Bennett. At committee stage, Lord Redesdale amended the bill to focus on its nature target in light of the agreement reached at COP15 for nations to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030. The amended bill—the Ecology Bill—passed through its House of Lords stages successfully, and was handed over to Wera Hobhouse (Liberal Democrat MP for Bath) on 25 April 2023.

2022-23 session: CE Bill (No. 2)

In the same session, the Labour MP for Sheffield Hallam—Olivia Blake MP—reintroduced the CE Bill in the House of Commons as a private member's bill on 10 May 2023. The bill's co-sponsors were Derek Thomas (Conservative), Peter Bottomley (Conservative), Geraint Davies (Labour/Co-op), Alan Brown (SNP), Brendan O’Hara (SNP), Ed Davey (Liberal Democrat), Wera Hobhouse (Liberal Democrat), Liz Saville-Roberts (Plaid Cymru), Colum Eastwood (Social Democratic and Labour Party), Caroline Lucas (Green), Stephen Farry (Alliance).

2023-24 session

In the 2023-24 session, Alex Sobel tabled an amendment to Charles III's first King's Speech, regretting the lack of a Climate and Ecology Bill in Speech. The amendment was supported by MPs from across the parties, including Caroline Lucas, Daisy Cooper, Liz Saville Roberts, Stephen Farry, Colum Eastwood and George Howarth.

2023-24 session: CAN Bill

In the same session, the Labour/Co-op MP for Leeds North West— Alex Sobel—introduced the bill under a new title, the Climate and Nature Bill, in the House of Commons as a private member's bill on 21 March 2024. The bill's co-sponsors were Caroline Lucas (Green), Ed Davey (Liberal Democrat), Colum Eastwood (Social Democrat and Labour Party) Brendan O'Hara (SNP), Olivia Blake (Labour), Sir Peter Bottomley (Conservative), Daisy Cooper (Liberal Democrat), Clive Lewis (Labour), Stephen Farry (Alliance) Alison Thewliss (SNP) and Derek Thomas (Conservative).

2024-29 Parliament

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2024-25 session

In the new 2024-29 Parliament, record-breaking ocean rower and Liberal Democrat MP for the South Cotswolds, Roz Savage, tabled the CAN Bill on 16 October. Dr Savage was drawn third in the 2024 private members' bill ballot and, unlike earlier presentations of the bill, will be allocated parliamentary time for the bill to progress in the 2024-25 session. Co-sponsors include Clive Lewis MP, Simon Opher and 9 other MPs.[10][11]

Zero Hour campaign

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Zero Hour (formerly, the CEE Bill Alliance) is a 53,000 person-strong grassroots organisation working to build support for the bill by persuading MPs, peers, mayors, councillors, local authorities, electoral candidates and political parties—as well as businesses, unions, community groups, NGOs, charities, cooperatives, and media organisations—to endorse the proposed legislation.

Allies

Zero Hour's partners include The Climate Coalition, Patagonia, Natura &Co, SUEZ UK, UK Youth for Nature, The Wildlife Trusts, The Women's Institute, Surfers Against Sewage, UK Youth Climate Coalition, National Education Union, The Co-operative Bank, Oxfam, The Body Shop and Triodos Bank. The bill is also supported by a wide variety of environmental groups, including WWT, CPRE, Faith for the Climate, Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and Extinction Rebellion.[12][13]

Political supporters

At the time of Roz Savage's announcement that she will reintroduce the CAN Bill on 10 October 2024, 182 MPs (from 11 political parties), 64 peers, 371 local authorities, and the London Assembly were backing the bill.

The Alliance Party, Green Party, Liberal Democrats, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Yorkshire Party, Welsh Greens, True and Fair Party, Volt UK and Mebyon Kernow officially support the proposed legislation.

MPs from Labour and Labour/Co-op, the SNP, and the DUP are also listed as bill supporters—alongside the Scottish Green MSPs and several Plaid Cymru MSs. The leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, Jane Dodds MS is also a supporter. The youth wings of several political parties are also behind the campaign, including Alliance Youth, Plaid Ifanc, Young Greens and Young Welsh Greens.

Conservative politicians

In the 2019-24 Parliament, Conservative supporters in the House of Commons included Peter Bottomley, Roger Gale and Derek Thomas. Former Conservative MP, Laurence Robertson, stated that he "supports the aims and principles of the bill" on 15 June 2022.[14] The former Scottish Conservatives' leader, Douglas Ross, said he would have considered "signing the bill when it comes to the Commons for a vote".

Roger Gale is currently the only Conservative MP backing the CAN Bill; however, Mark Garnier, the MP for Wyre Forest, has met CAN Bill supporters to discuss the bill; as have many other Conservative MPs, peers and councillors.

In the House of Lords, senior Conservative peers, Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park, Baroness Verma and Baroness Hooper support the bill, as does (Theresa May's former environment adviser) Lord Randall of Uxbridge.

UK regions

On 2 December 2021, the London Assembly passed a cross-party motion to back the bill—proposed by Zack Polanski AM (Green) and Leonie Cooper AM (Labour/Co-op).[15] The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, subsequently confirmed his support on 15 July 2022 [16] and the former chair of London Councils—now MP and Cabinet Office minister—Georgia Gould confirmed her support on 18 April 2023. Metro-mayors Tracy Brabin and Andy Burnham also support the CAN Bill, as do other directly elected and ceremonial mayors.

Nature & Climate Declaration

Over 2022, Zero Hour organised a UK-wide, all-party initiative—a Nature & Climate Declaration—to attract the support of councillors, mayors, and devolved legislators to the key principles of the CE Bill. It was supported by 2,000 politicians[17] when the Declaration was launched and debated in the Commons in November 2022, including:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Blake, Olivia (16 May 2023). "Labour supports the ambition and objectives of the CE Bill". Zero Hour. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  2. ^ Vogel, Jefim. "The new UK Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill is exactly what we need – here's why". The Conversation.
  3. ^ Ball, Tom. "Extinction Rebellion activists glue themselves to pavement outside parliament". The Times.
  4. ^ "Climate emergency bill offers real hope | Letter". The Guardian. 2 September 2020.
  5. ^ "We owe it to young people to take action on climate change - it's their future we're stealing". inews.co.uk. 19 August 2020.
  6. ^ a b Harris, John (30 August 2020). "If democracy looks doomed, Extinction Rebellion may have an answer". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  7. ^ Browne, Anthony (29 August 2020). "Extinction Rebellion's plan for eco-oligarchy". The Spectator.
  8. ^ Lock, Helen (4 September 2020). "The New UK Climate Bill: Everything You Need to Know". Global Citizen.
  9. ^ "Ministers 'out of sync' with public, say new climate bill campaigners". Evening Standard. 6 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Co-Sponsoring the Climate and Nature Bill". 16 October 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  11. ^ "I am proud to be co-sponsoring the Climate and Nature Bill". 16 October 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Extinction Rebellion to block streets in London, Manchester and Cardiff". The Guardian. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  13. ^ "Extinction Rebellion activists glue themselves to ground outside parliament". The Independent. 3 September 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  14. ^ "Tewkesbury MP Laurence Robertson supports climate bill". BBC News. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  15. ^ Republic, Studio. "London Assembly gives support to proposed Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill". CIWEM. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  16. ^ "Mayor Sadiq Khan is backing the CE Bill!". Zero Hour. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  17. ^ H, Eskarina; ley (27 October 2022). "Nature and Climate declaration signed by 2,000 politicians across the UK". Open Access Government. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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