Church of St. John the Baptist at the Béguinage

Church of St. John the Baptist at the Béguinage
Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste au Béguinage (French) Sint-Jan-Baptist ten Begijnhofkerk (Dutch)
St. John the Baptist at the Béguinage
50°51′9.73″N 4°21′1.68″E
Location	Place du Béguinage / Begijnhofplein 1000 City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region
Country	Belgium
Denomination	Catholic Church
History
Status	Parish church
Dedication	Saint John the Baptist
Consecrated	1676
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Heritage designation	Protected
Designated	05/03/1936
Architect(s)	Lucas Faydherbe
Architectural type	Church
Style	Brabantine Baroque
Groundbreaking	1657 (1657)
Specifications
Length	20 metres (66 ft)
Width	62 metres (203 ft)
Nave width	13 metres (43 ft)
Number of spires	1
Administration
Archdiocese	Mechelen–Brussels
Clergy
Archbishop	Luc Terlinden (Primate of Belgium)

The Church of St. John the Baptist at the Béguinage (French: Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste au Béguinage; Dutch: Sint-Jan-Baptist ten Begijnhofkerk) is a Catholic parish church in central Brussels, Belgium. It is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist.

The original Gothic church was built at the end of 13th century, as part of the Notre-Dame de la Vigne beguinage. It was partially destroyed by Calvinists in 1584 and rebuilt thereafter. Attributed to the Flemish architect Lucas Faydherbe, the reconstructed building, which still stands today, is a notable illustration of the Italian-influenced Brabantine Baroque style of the 17th century. The complex was designated a historic monument in 1936.

The church is located on the Place du Béguinage/Begijnhofplein, not far from the Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein, the Place Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijneplein and the Grand Hospice Pachéco. This site is served by the metro stations De Brouckère and Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijne on lines 1 and 5.

History

Three court beguinages existed in Brussels during the Middle Ages; the first and largest of them was the Beguinage de Notre-Dame de la Vigne, which was founded before 1247 outside the city walls. Located near today's Place du Béguinage/Begijnhofplein, the community composed a miniature village of individual dwellings with a mill, laundry, and flower and vegetable garden enclosed within a wall. The beguines were lay women who lived a communal life but were not bound by perpetual vows. They built an infirmary and a small chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Vineyard served as a place of worship.

Great Beguinage of Brussels in 1720 by Jacobus Harrewijn

Because their community had grown to 1,200 beguines by the end of the 13th century, a larger Gothic church was built where the present-day building is located. The women weaved wool, and from the 16th century onward, made lace. From the start, the Rue du Béguinage/Begijnhofstraat ("Beguines Street") formed the main axis of this large triangular domain of which the Rue de Laeken/Lakensestraat ("Laeken Street") formed the base. The area between the Rue de Laeken and the Quai au Bois à Brûler/Brandhoutkaai was known as the Beguinage Quarter at that time.

The beguines were dispersed in 1797 during the French regime. The grounds were parcelled out gradually and streets laid out. The infirmary was renovated and transformed into the Grand Hospice Pachéco. The last houses of the beguinage disappeared in 1856.

The church was designated a historic monument on 5 March 1936. In 1998, the expulsion of the Nigerian asylum seeker Semira Adamu, who died after police violence, triggered the occupation of the church from October 1998 to January 1999 by political refugee candidates awaiting regularisation.

Building

The previous church was a Gothic building with three naves and a transept that was destroyed by Calvinists in 1584 during the Calvinist Republic of Brussels, which lasted from 1577 to 1585. The beguines decided to rebuild their church in Baroque style and its construction started in 1657. Attributed to the Flemish architect Lucas Faydherbe, this church is a notable illustration of the Italian-influenced Brabantine Baroque style of the 17th century. Its façade is considered to be one of the most beautiful in Belgium. The church was restored after a fire ravaged the roof in November 2000.

• 
  The main portal
• 
  Detail of the portal
• 
  Statue of Saint Begga, above the portal
• 
  Interior

In popular culture

Filmography

• The church and the surrounding streets where prominently featured in the 2018 BBC television miniseries Les Misérables.

See also

• List of churches in Brussels
• Catholic Church in Belgium
• History of Brussels
• Culture of Belgium
• Belgium in the long nineteenth century

References

Bibliography

• Cammaert, Olivier (2010). "L'iconoclasme sous la République calviniste à Bruxelles". In Weis, Monique (ed.). Des villes en révolte : les "Républiques urbaines" aux Pays-Bas et en France pendant la deuxième moitié du XVIe siècle (in French). Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-52664-5.
• Coekelberghs, D.; Loze, P. (1981). L'Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste au Béguinage à Bruxelles et son mobilier (in French). Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage.
• Cook, Bernard A. (2002). Belgium: A History. Peter Lang. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8204-5824-3.
• Depuydt Elbaum, Livia (2002), L'incendie de l'église Saint Jean-Baptiste du Béguinage de Bruxelles du 25 novembre 2000 - Intervention et Bilan (PDF) (in French), Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage
• Simons, Walter (2003). Cities of ladies: Beguine communities in the medieval low countries, 1200–1565. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1853-4.
• Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles (PDF) (in French). Vol. 1A: Pentagone A-D. Liège: Pierre Mardaga. 1989.

External links

• Media related to Saint John the Baptist at the Béguinage at Wikimedia Commons
• Direction des Monuments et des Sites (2013). "Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste au Béguinage". Orgues en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (in French). Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Retrieved 17 August 2013.