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Rulers of the Chera dynasty

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For the historical Chera Perumal rulers of medieval Kerala, see Chera Perumals of Makotai.

The Rulers of the Chera dynasty can be

  • Rulers of early historic Chera polity
  • Medieval Chera rulers
    • Chera rulers from Vanchi Karur (Karur)
    • Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)

Rulers of early historic Chera polity

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A Chera coin with legend "Makkothai"
A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kothai"

From early historic inscriptions

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  • Ko Athan Chel Irumporai (Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan)[1]
  • Perum Kadungon (Perum Cheral Irumporai)[1]
  • Kadungon Ilam Kadungo (Ilam Cheral Irumporai)[1]
  • Kadummiputhra Chera[1]
  • Ko Athan[1]

From early historic coins

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Cheras from early Tamil poems

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Chera rulers from the decades of Pathitrupattu.

  1. (missing)
  2. Imayavaramban Nedum Cheral Athan[3]
  3. Palyanai Chel Kezhu Kuttuvan[3]
  4. Narmudi Cheral[3]
  5. Chenguttuvan[3]
  6. Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan[3]
  7. Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan[3]
  8. Tagadur Erinta Perum Cheral Irumporai[3]
  9. Kudakko Ilam Cheral Irumporai[3]
  10. (missing)

Muchiri-Karur branch (around Muchiri)[3]

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Karur branch (Kongu area)[3]

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Clan or line name: Porai[3] or Irumporai[1]

Chera rulers from Karur (Kongu Cheras)

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  • Vira Chola Kalimurkka[9]
  • Kalimurkka Vikrama Chola[9]
  • Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva[15][7]

Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)

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From inscriptions

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Centuy AD. Harvard Oriental Series. Cre-A and Harvard University. pp. 117–119 and 62–63.
  2. ^ Majumdar, S. B. (2016). "Money Matters: Indigenous and Foreign Coins in the Malabar Coast". In K. S. Mathew (ed.). Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade. Cambridge: Routledge.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Noburu, Karashima (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 48–52.
  4. ^ a b c d Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 248–49.
  5. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 80-81.
  6. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 270–71 and 262–63.
  7. ^ a b c d e Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 80-81.
  8. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 255–56.
  9. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 279–80 and 340.
  10. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 136.
  11. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 304-05 and 322-23.
  12. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 116-117 and 136.
  13. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 121-122.
  14. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 140.
  15. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 63.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cēra State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108494571.
  17. ^ a b Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.
  18. ^ Veluthat, Kesavan (2023). "Sthāṇu Ravi". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00527. ISBN 978-1-119-39991-9.
  19. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Chera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 466–67.
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