Christian fraternities
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While the traditional social fraternity is a well-established mainstay across the United States at institutions of higher learning, alternatives – in the form of social fraternities that require doctrinal and behavioral conformity to the Christian faith – developed in the early 20th century. They continue to grow in size and popularity.
History
[edit]Christian fraternities were established in the early part of the 20th century; the three largest were Beta Sigma Psi, Alpha Gamma Omega, and Sigma Theta Epsilon, which are still active.
Beta Sigma Psi
[edit]Beta Sigma Psi, the oldest Christian fraternity, was founded as a national fraternity for Lutheran students in 1925 at the University of Illinois, home to the largest Greek system in the United States. The fraternity had its origins in the concerns of Rev. Frederick William Gustav Stiegemeyer, the son of a Lutheran pastor, who had been entrusted with the spiritual care of Lutheran students at the university. In the fall of 1919, he organized the Lutheran Illini League with a nucleus of ten students. At that time they intended to meet once or twice a week for religious instruction and discussion on contemporary issues. In the fall of 1920, now with twenty members, the Lutheran Illini League rented a house. In early 1921, it reorganized as the Concordia Club. By 1923, the group regularly participated in campus activities; so much so that they began being referred to as the "Concordia Fraternity." On April 17, 1925, incorporation papers were filed for Beta Sigma Psi National Lutheran Fraternity in Springfield, Illinois. By 1970, Beta Sigma Psi had grown to eighteen chapters. The fraternity had ten active chapters as of 2016.
Alpha Gamma Omega
[edit]Alpha Gamma Omega was established in 1927 at UCLA. The fraternity suffered a decline in chapters and membership before experiencing extensive national growth starting in 1987. As of 2020, it had sixteen active chapters.
Sigma Theta Epsilon
[edit]Sigma Theta Epsilon is the result of the merger of Methodist-affiliated fraternities in 1941: Phi Tau Theta, founded in 1925, and Sigma Epsilon Theta, founded in 1936 at Indiana University. The merged fraternity was initially called Delta Sigma Theta, but the name was changed to Sigma Theta Epsilon in 1949 when a national sorority Delta Sigma Theta that was already using the name threatened legal action.
By the late 1950s, Sigma Theta Epsilon had grown to over twenty chapters. However, its numbers began to decline at the end of the 1960s. The fraternity became non-denominational in 1968. Down to only three chapters by the 1980s, Sigma Theta Epsilon began chartering new chapters again in 1988. The fraternity had twelve active chapters during the 2000s, but as of 2016 had only three active chapters. It ceased operations in 2022.
Texas movement
[edit]At the same time that the historic Christian fraternities were beginning to rebound from their declining numbers, other groups of Christian fraternities developed, with the rise of the Evangelical Christian movement in the later 20th century. Fifty-five chapters of Christian Greek letter organizations trace their roots to the Texas Movement. Beta Upsilon Chi (BYX) began in 1985 on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin as a local Christian fraternity and expanded when students at neighboring Texas schools convinced the founders of BYX to open new chapters. As of 2017, it is the largest Christian fraternity in the United States.
Beta Upsilon Chi, directly led to the founding of four other Christian Greek letter organizations. The second largest Christian fraternity in the United States, Alpha Nu Omega, was founded three years later. It was followed by Gamma Phi Delta in 1988, while Kappa Upsilon Chi was founded in 1993 on the campus of Texas Tech University. Kappa Upsilon Chi was founded by four men who led Christian college ministries, some of whom graduated and entered into the ministry. The Alpha class contained some members formerly of Phi Gamma Delta social fraternity at Texas Tech. The fraternity sought to be a social alternative for Christian men. While it originally had no intentions of expanding, the fraternity grew rapidly. Omega Kappa Psi was established in 1995.
Alpha Nu Omega
[edit]Alpha Nu Omega, Incorporated was founded in 1988 on the campus of Morgan State University. Its organizational purpose is to "present a Christian alternative to the students and or faculty on college/university campuses, to minister to the needs of the whole person (spirit, soul, and body), and to promote an attitude of academic excellence among its members." Alpha Nu Omega is established as far north as New York, as far south as Florida, and as far west as Ohio. While most chapters are located at historically African-American colleges and universities, the organization does not consider itself an African-American Christian organization and welcomes all ethnicities. The organization exists as one organization but operates as two distinct entities: a fraternity and a sorority. The two are bound by one constitution. As of 2016, sixteen chapters were active.
Alpha Omega
[edit]Alpha Omega Collegiate Ministries was founded in 1994 by Donyll Lewis on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The vision of Alpha Omega is based on Revelation 1:8 and the question, "Why join a man-made fraternity when the body of Christ is the largest fraternity in the world?" It is co-ed and multicultural. The fraternity is based in Michigan. It has chapters as far north as Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan and as far south as the University of Toledo, Bowling Green State University in Toledo-Bowling Green, Ohio.[1]
List of Christian fraternities
[edit]Fraternity | Symbols | Chartered | Founding location | Scope | Emphasis | Active chapters | Status | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpha Delta Gamma | ΑΔΓ | October 10, 1924 | Loyola University Chicago | National | Jesuit | 12 | Active | |
Alpha Gamma Omega | ΑΓΩ | February 25, 1927 | UCLA | National | 15 | Active | [2][3] | |
Alpha Iota Omega | ΑΙΩ | 1999 | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Local | 1 | Active | [4][5][6][7][8] | |
Alpha Nu Omega | ΑΝΩ | November 3, 1988 | Morgan State University | National | African American, fraternity and sorority | 19 | Active | [9][10] |
Alpha Omega | ΑΩ | 1998 | Young Harris College | Regional | 7 | Active | [11] | |
Alpha Omega Collegiate Ministries | ΑΩ | 1994 | Western Michigan University | National | African American, coed | 8 | Active | [12] |
Alpha Omega Theta | ΑΩΘ | July 16, 2002 | St. Louis, Missouri. | Regional | 6 | Active | [13] | |
Beta Alpha Gamma | ΒΑΓ | May 26, 2018 | Local | African American | 1 | Active | [14][15] | |
Beta Sigma Psi | ΒΣΨ | April 17, 1925 | University of Texas | National | Lutheran | 11 | Active | [16] |
Beta Sigma Theta | ΒΣΘ | 1973 | Michigan Technological University | Local | 1 | Active | [17][18] | |
Beta Upsilon Chi | ΒΥΧ | 1985 | University of Texas | National | 37 | Active | [19] | |
Chi Alpha Omega | ΧΑΩ | 1987 | East Carolina University | Regional | 9 | Active | ||
Chi Omicron Rho | ΧΟΡ | 2017 | Pittsburg State University | Local | 1 | Active | [20][21] | |
Delta Nu Omega | ΔΝΩ | December 27, 2015 | Broward County, Florida | Local | African American | 1 | Active | [14][22] |
Delta Phi Xi | ΔΦΞ | December 2007 | Tarleton State University | Local | 0 | Inactive | [23] | |
Gamma Phi Delta | ΓΦΔ | March 21, 1988 | University of Texas at Austin | National | African American | 18 | Active | [24][25] |
Gamma Psi Lambda | ΓΨΛ | October 21, 1999 | Fort Valley State University | National | African American, coed | 8 | Active | [26] |
Kappa Phi Epsilon | ΚΦΕ | 2004 | University of Florida. | Local | 1 | Active | [27] | |
Kappa Upsilon Chi | ΚΥΧ | 1993 | Texas Tech University | National | 7 | Active | [28] | |
Lambda Sigma Phi | ΛΣΦ | 2001 | University of Alabama | Regional | 2 | Active | [29] | |
Megisté Areté Christian Fraternity | MA | 1989 | Illinois State University | Regional | African American | 10 | Active | [30][25][31] |
Men of God | M.O.G. | 1999 | Texas Tech University | Regional | African American | 5 | Active | [25][32][a] |
Mu Omicron Gamma | ΜΟΓ | September 9, 2001 | Old Dominion University | Regional | African American | 3 | Active | [25] |
Mu Sigma Chi | ΜΣΧ | October 24, 2008 | Ferrum College | Local | 1 | Active | [33] | |
Nu Alpha Omega | ΝΑΩ | 2020 | African American | [14][34] | ||||
Omega Kappa Psi | ΩΚΨ | 1995–1997, 2017 | University of North Carolina at Charlotte | Local | African American | 1 | Active | [35] |
Phi Alpha Kappa | ΦΑΚ | 1929 | Local | 1 | Active | [36] | ||
Phi Kappa | ΦΚ | October 1, 1889 –April 29, 1959 | Brown University | National | Catholic | 0 | Merged | [b] |
Phi Kappa Chi | ΦΚΧ | 1988 | Baylor University | Local | 1 | Active | [37] | |
Phi Kappa Theta | ΦΚΘ | April 29, 1959 | Ohio State University | National | Non-denominational | 57 | Active | [c] |
Phi Tau Theta | ΦΤΘ | 1925–1941 | Local | Methodist | 0 | Merged | [d] | |
Sigma Epsilon Theta | ΣΕΘ | 1936–1941 | Local | Methodist | 0 | Merged | [e] | |
Sigma Kappa Lambda | ΣΚΛ | June 29, 2014 | Birmingham, Alabama | Local | African American | 1 | Active | [25][38] |
Sigma Theta Epsilon | ΣΘΕ | 1941–2022 | National | Non-denominational | 0 | Inactive | [f] | |
Tau Alpha Gamma | ΤΑΓ | 2007 | African American | [14] | ||||
Theta Kappa Phi | ΘΚΦ | October 1919–April 1959 | Lehigh University | National | Catholic, social | 0 | Merged | [g] |
Xi Upsilon Gamma | ΞΥΓ | 2022 | African American | Active | [14] | |||
Zeta Phi Zeta | ΖΦΖ | April 11, 2001 | Chicago, Illinois | Fraternity and sorority | Active | [39] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Founded by a group of men who talked about God at a Step Show. MOG performs a yearly Step Show filled with mimes, dancers, and singers in honor of their beginning. MOG has grown but prefers to remain small, limiting the number of members in each chapter.
- ^ Merged with Theta Kappa Phi to form Phi Kappa Theta.
- ^ Founded by the merger of the Catholic fraternities, Phi Kappa and Theta Kappa Phi. However, it is no longer just for Catholics.
- ^ Merged with Sigma Epsilon Theta to form Delta Sigma Theta in 1941 which changed to Sigma Theta Epsilon in 1949.
- ^ Merged with Phi Tau Theta in 1941 to found Delta Sigma Theta, which changed to Sigma Theta Epsilon in 1949.
- ^ Founded by merging two local Methodist-affiliated fraternities, Phi Tau Theta and Sigma Epsilon Theta. Originally called Delta Sigma Theta, but its name was changed to Sigma Theta Epsilon in 1949. Became non-denominational in 1969.
- ^ Catholic social fraternity that merged with Phi Kappa to form Phi Kappa Theta
Branded chapters
[edit]Some non-religious national social fraternities allow individual chapters to brand themselves with unique ideals conforming to the specific interests of the local members. Instances have arisen in which a singular chapter of an IFC-affiliated social fraternity brands itself a Christian chapter and initiates members based on national membership standards as well as religious beliefs. One of the oldest such chapters is the Beta Alpha chapter of Theta Xi Fraternity at Georgia Tech which marked itself Christian in 1974.[40] The chapter operates as a full social fraternity and member of IFC while pursuing Biblical masculinity and Christian brotherhood. The Beta Alpha chapter is currently the only Christian chapter of a secular fraternity. It expanded this model to a second chapter at Georgia Southern University; however, that chapter has since reverted to a non-religious chapter.[41]
Legal challenges
[edit]Alpha Iota Omega and North Carolina
[edit]Alpha Iota Omega and the University of North Carolina clashed over the university's anti-discrimination policy. The fraternity refused to agree to the policy, which banned religious discrimination. As a result, Alpha Iota Omega was not officially recognized by the university for the 2003–2004 academic year. The fraternity sought assistance from the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, a civil liberties group, and the Alliance Defense Fund, an American legal alliance defending religious liberties. A lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina on August 25, 2004, citing the incident in the fall of 2003 when UNC administrator Jonathan Curtis refused to extend the benefits of official recognition to AIO. The group received temporary reinstatement in the spring of 2005.[4][5][6]
Beta Upsilon Chi and Georgia
[edit]In late 2006, the Pi chapter of Beta Upsilon Chi at the University of Georgia was not registered as a student organization by university officials "because the group requires its members and officers to share the group's Christian beliefs."[42] After months of negotiation between university officials, student officers of the local chapter and officials at the fraternity's national headquarters in Texas, attorneys with the Christian Legal Society and Alliance Defense Fund filed a civil rights suit on December 6, 2006, in federal court against the university on behalf of Beta Upsilon Chi.[43] On December 7, 2006, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the University would remove the religion clause from its anti-discrimination policy.
See also
[edit]- Christian sororities
- Cultural interest fraternities and sororities
- List of social fraternities and sororities
- Knights of Columbus
References
[edit]- ^ "Who We Are". Alpha Omega Collegiate Ministries. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Who We Are". Alpha Gamma Omega. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Chapters". Alpha Gamma Omega. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Alpha Iota Omega Files Suit Against UNC-Chapel Hill". FIRE: Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression. Aug 24, 2004. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Christian Fraternity Sues Over Recognition Denial - Carolina Alumni". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. September 1, 2004. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Alpha Iota Omega forgetting central tenets of Christianity". The Seahawk. Wilmington, North Carolina. March 18, 2005. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Alpha Iota Omega - Founder's Page". 2011-09-10. Archived from the original on 2011-09-10. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "About Us". alphaiotaomega.synthasite.com. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Region/Chapter Locator". Alpha Nu Omega, Inc. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Alpha Nu Omega: The Christian Alternative – Howard University News Service". Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Greek life". Young Harris College. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Christian Fraternity". Alpha Omega Collegiate Ministries. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Chapters". Alpha Omega Theta. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Christian Fraternities and Sororities – BlackOrgs". Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Brotherhood". Beta Alpha Gamma Christian Fraternity. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Become A Beta Sig". Beta Sigma Psi | National Fraternity. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Beta Sigma Theta". Michigan Tech. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
- ^ "Beta Sigma Theta". www.betasigmatheta.org. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
- ^ "Chapters". Beta Upsilon Chi. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "COR | Pittsburg". Chi Omicron Rho. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Chi Omicron Rho". myleadfox.com. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Our History". Delta Nu Omega. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ Owens, Brittany (January 31, 2013). "Disciples for Christ". the JTAC. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Gamma Phi Delta Christian Fraternity, Inc". www.gphid1988.org. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Christian Fraternities and Sororities – BlackOrgs". Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "National History". Gamma Psi Lambda Christian Fraternity, Inc. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Kappa Phi Epsilon". Kappa Phi Epsilon. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Kappa Upsilon Chi - History". Kappa Upsilon Chi. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Welcome to Lambda Sigma Phi Fraternity". Lambda Sigma Phi. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Megiste Arete Christian Fraternity | Established 1989— "The Mighty Men of God"". megistearete.org. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
- ^ Hodge, Roberto. "Sisterhood acts on foundations of Christianity, friendship". The Daily Eastern News. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ Moses, Megan (2019-04-18). "Men of God Christian fraternity serves community". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ^ "Who We Are". Mu Sigma Chi. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "Home | My Site". Nu Alpha Omega Christian Fraternity. Archived from the original on 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2024-06-21 – via web.archive.org.
- ^ "Requirements". Omega Kappa Psi Fraternity. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ "History/Mission – Phi Alpha Kappa". Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Fraternity History". Phi Kappa Chi. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "History". Sigma Kappa Lambda Christian Fraternity. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "About Us". Zeta Phi Zeta. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Theta Xi Georgia Tech". Theta Xi Georgia Tech. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Theta Xi Fraternity - Georgia Southern University | Gamma Phi Chapter". 2014-12-18. Archived from the original on 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ "Redirected AllianceDefenseFund".
- ^ "The complaint in Beta Upsilon Chi, et al. v. Adams, et al" (PDF). 2007-02-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2022-12-29.