Østfold

	Number of minorities (1st and 2nd gen.) ; in Østfold by country of origin in 2017
Poland	6,711
Iraq	4,470
Somalia	3,068
Kosovo	2,695
Sweden	2,620
Bosnia-Herzegovina	2,372
Vietnam	1,889
Lithuania	1,822
Syria	1,334
Denmark	1,291
Iran	1,270
Pakistan	1,188
Philippines	1,008
Thailand	992
Germany	967
Russia	879
Turkey	829
Afghanistan	816
Iceland	579
United Kingdom	494
Cameroon	28
Trinidad and Tobago	10

Østfold
Østfold
County
	Østfold fylke
	Rødenes in late - June 2006
	Flag Coat of arms
	Østfold within Norway
Country	Norway
County ID	NO-31
Administrative centre	Sarpsborg
Government
• Governor	Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (2019-)
• County mayor	Sindre Martinsen-Evje Arbeiderpartiet (2023-)
Area
• Total	4,180.7 km2 (1,614.2 sq mi)
• Land	3,887 km2 (1,501 sq mi)
• Rank	17th in Norway, 1.28% of Norway's land area
Population (30 September 2019)
• Total	299,647
• Rank	6th (5.61% of country)
• Change (10 years)	7.5 %
Demonym	Østfolding
Time zone	UTC+01 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02 (CEST)
Official language form	Bokmål
Income (per capita)	138,600 NOK
GDP (per capita)	200,084 NOK (2001)
GDP national rank	8 (3.30% of country)
Website	ofk.no
	Data from Statistics Norway

Østfold (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈœ̂stfɔɫ] ^ⓘ) is a county in Eastern Norway, which from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2023 was part of Viken. Østfold borders Akershus and southwestern Sweden (Västra Götaland County and Värmland), while Buskerud and Vestfold are on the other side of Oslofjord. The county's administrative seat is Sarpsborg. The county controversially became part of the newly established Viken County on 1 January 2020. On 1 January 2024, Østfold was re-established as an independent county, however without the former municipality of Rømskog, which was amalgamated with the Akershus municipality Aurskog-Høland in 2020.

Many manufacturing facilities are situated here, such as the world's most advanced biorefinery, Borregaard in Sarpsborg. Fredrikstad has shipyards. There are granite mines in Østfold and stone from these were used by Gustav Vigeland.

The county slogan is "The heartland of Scandinavia". The local dialects are characterized by their geographical proximity to Sweden.

The name

The old name of the Oslofjord was Fold; Østfold means 'the region east of the Fold' (see also Vestfold). The name was first recorded in 1543; in the Middle Ages the name of the county was Borgarsysla 'the county/sýsla of the city Borg (now Sarpsborg)'. Later, when Norway was under Danish rule, the Danish king divided the area into many baronies. These were merged into one county (amt) in 1662 - and it was then named Smaalenenes Amt 'the amt consisting of small len'. The name was changed back to Østfold in 1919.

History

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1951	185,492	—
1961	202,751	+9.3%
1971	221,386	+9.2%
1981	233,301	+5.4%
1991	238,345	+2.2%
2001	251,032	+5.3%
2011	274,827	+9.5%
2021?	309,613	+12.7%
2031?	339,601	+9.7%
Source: Statistics Norway.^[1]

Østfold is among the nation's oldest inhabited regions, with petroglyphs (rock drawings) and burial mounds throughout the area.

In the Viking Age, the area was part of Vingulmark, which in turn was part of Viken and included Båhuslen (which is now the Swedish province called Bohuslän). It was partly under Danish rule until the time of Harald Fairhair.

Later, when Norway was under Danish rule, the Danish king divided the area into many baronies. The barony of Heggen og Frøland, consisting of the municipalities Askim, Eidsberg and Trøgstad, originally belonged to Akershus - but it was transferred to Østfold in 1768.

In October 2018, Norwegian archaeologists headed by the archaeologist Lars Gustavsen announced the discovery of a buried 20 m (66 ft) long Gjellestad Viking ship. An ancient well-preserved Viking cemetery for more than 1000 years was discovered using ground-penetrating radar. Archaeologists also revealed at least seven other previously unknown burial mounds and the remnants of five longhouses with the help of the radar survey.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Geography

Østfold sits between the Oslo Fjord and Sweden. It is dominated by flat landscape with a lot of woodland in the north and along the Swedish border, a major lake system in the central part, and densely populated lowland area along the coast, with a relatively large archipelago.

Norway's longest river, the Glomma, flows through the county and out into the Oslo Fjord in Fredrikstad.

Demography

Most of the county's population is located in the coastal area. The cities of Moss, Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad, and Halden are situated here, along with some relatively highly populated rural municipalities. Including these coastal cities, Østfold also has another two cities, Askim and Mysen.

Transport and infrastructure

Østfold is located strategically between Oslo and Sweden. The main highway E6 between Oslo and Gothenburg runs as a motorway through the county from the southern border with Sweden and the border with Akershus county. The main highway E18 between Oslo and Stockholm goes through the county from the Swedish border in a southeast-northwest direction. The railway from Oslo to Gothenburg runs roughly parallel with E6, and there is also a railway between Ski and Sarpsborg that covers the inner part. There is no public airport in the county. Moss Airport was one but is now closed. The main airport for Østfold is the Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, with a population of more than 2 million people within two hours distance.

Health care

Aimed at covering general medical needs of Østfold County and [Vestby Municipality] Østfold Hospital provides medical services, diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation to the population of the area.^[6] Hospitals, clinics or health stations are located in all municipalities of the county.

Municipalities

Østfold is made up of 17 (formerly 18) municipalities:

Aremark
Askim
Eidsberg
Fredrikstad
Halden
Hobøl
Hvaler
Marker
Moss
Rakkestad
Rygge
Rømskog (is no longer a part of Østfold county)
Råde
Sarpsborg
Skiptvet
Spydeberg
Trøgstad
Våler

Districts

Cities

Parishes

Aremark
Asak
Askim
Berg
Borge
Båstad
Degernes
Domkirken i Borge, see Vestre Fredrikstad
Eidsberg
Enningdal
Fredrikshald, see Halden
Fredrikstad
Glemmen
Gressvik
Hafslund
Halden
Heli
Hobøl
Hovin
Hvaler
Hærland
Idd
Ingedal
Kråkerøy
Moss
Onsøy
Os
Rakkestad
Rokke
Rolvsøy
Rygge
Rødenes
Rømskog
Råde
Sarpsborg
Skiptvet
Skjeberg
Skjebergdalen
Spjærøy (Dypedal)
Spydeberg
St. Peter's
Svinndal
Tom
Tomter
Torsnes
Trøgstad
Trømborg
Tune
Ullerøy (Ullerø)
Varteig
Vestre Fredrikstad
Våler
Østre Fredrikstad
Øymark
Fredrikstad Branch (LDS, 1852–1925)
Fredrikstad (Kristi Menighet, 1893–1914)
Vestre Fredrikstad (Kristi Menighet, 1904–1933)
Halden Branch (LDS, 1854–1949)
Moss Branch (LDS, 1905–1949)
Sarpsborg Branch (LDS, 1931–1949)
Sarpsborg (Metodistkirken, 1840–1923)

Villages

Former Municipalities

Coat of arms

The coat of arms is from modern times (1958). The lines represent sunrays at sunrise in the east. (See above under the name.) They also represent the worship of the Sun in the Bronze Age (depicted in several rock carvings found in the county).