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Bandai

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This article is about the Japanese toy manufacturer. For other uses, see Bandai (disambiguation).

Bandai Co., Ltd.
Native name
株式会社バンダイ
Kabushiki-gaisha Bandai
FormerlyBandai-ya
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryEntertainment
FoundedJuly 5, 1950; 74 years ago (July 5, 1950)
FounderNaoharu Yamashina
HeadquartersTaitō, Tokyo, Japan
Key people
Masaru Kawaguchi (president)
Products
Brands
Increase¥21.7 billion (2019)
Increase¥242.8 billion (2019)
Number of employees
851 (January 2021)
ParentBandai Namco Holdings (2005–present)
Subsidiaries
  • Bandai Logipal
  • Bandai Namco Toys & Collectibles
  • Corporación Bandai México
  • Bandai UK
  • Bandai France
  • Bandai España
  • Bandai Spirits
  • CCP
  • Heart
  • MegaHouse
  • Plex
  • Seeds
  • Sun-Star Stationary
Websitewww.bandai.co.jp
Footnotes / references
"Bandai Namco Group Integrated Report 2019". Bandai Namco Holdings. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on May 17, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
"About Company". Bandai. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2020.

Bandai Co., Ltd.[a] is a Japanese multinational toy manufacturer and distributor headquartered in Taitō, Tokyo. Its international branches, Bandai Namco Toys & Collectables America and Bandai UK, are respectively headquartered in Irvine, California, and Richmond, London. Since 2005, Bandai is the toy production division of Bandai Namco Holdings, currently the world's second largest toy company measured by total revenue.[1] Between 1981 and 2001, Bandai was a manufacturer of video game consoles.

Bandai was founded by World War II veteran Naoharu Yamashina as Bandai-Ya on July 5, 1950, as the corporate spin-off of a textile wholesaler. The company began as a distributor of metallic toys and rubber swimming rings, before moving to metal cars and aircraft models. It was renamed Bandai Co., Ltd. in 1961 and achieved considerable success with its action figures based on the anime Astro Boy.

History

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Origins and success with toys (1947–1968)

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In 1947, Naoharu Yamashina began working for a Kanazawa-based textile wholesaler.[2] The eldest son to a rice retailer, Yamashina had studied business in high school and was enlisted in World War II, where an impact from a grenade shrapnel blinded him in his right eye.[3][4] The textile business, ran by his wife's brother, was struggling financially as a result of Japan's post-war economy.[5] He made little money working, and as he was having a difficult time finding ways to allow the business to pick up, a neighbor told him about the potential of the toy industry and the financial success that could be generated from it.[5] Intrigued, Yamashina convinced his wife to travel to Tokyo with him to begin studying the potentially lucrative market for toys.[4] With little money or exposure in the field, the two worked long hours to establish a small toy distribution division within the textile business.[2]

Yamashina assumed full control of the toy division on July 5, 1950, when it was spun-off as a separate company named Bandai-ya[b] in Taitō, Tokyo.[2][6] The name was derived from Japanese reading of Chinese phrase "bandai fueki" (万代不易), meaning "eternally unchanging" or "things that are eternal."[2][3][7] Being assisted by Atsuko Tatsumi, publisher of the Weekly Toy News in Tokyo, Bandai-ya distributed and imported celluloid dolls, metallic toys, and rubber swimming rings.[2][4] The company released its first original product the same year, the Rhythm Ball, a beach ball with a bell inside that suffered from numerous quality defects.[2][6] Bandai-ya improved the quality of its products as it continued designing new kinds of toys, such as inexpensive metal cars and aircraft models.[4][7] Several of these were exported to the United States and elsewhere as a result of their popularity, being among the earliest "Made In Japan" products exported outside the country.[4]

Bandai logo from 1959 to 1975

As its revenue increased, Bandai-ya began expanding its operations.[4] A new shipping and warehouse facility was constructed in spring 1953, followed by research and development (R&D) and product inspection departments later that year.[4] A manufacturing facility, Waraku Works, was opened in early 1955 to increase the production of toys.[4] In the same year, it implemented the toy industry's first quality assurance system; the first toy approved by this was the 1956 Toyopet Crown model car, which was also Bandai-ya's first product with a guarantee.[6][8] The growing company worked on creating a friendly corporate image for itself, introducing a new logo, slogan, and television commercials that emphasized its quality products.[4] Bandai-ya was renamed Bandai in July 1961, the same time it started spreading its operations overseas, beginning with the establishment of Bandai Overseas Supply in New York City.[6][8]

While its toys often sold well in Japan, Bandai didn't achieve considerable success until 1963, when it began producing action figures based on the anime Astro Boy.[6][4][8] The toy line's success prompted Bandai to reorganize and rethink its business strategies, as the company transitioned from working on original products to funding the creation of new television series and acting as a sponsor during their run, with advertisements that showed off Bandai's tie-in action figures and costumes.[6][4][9] A similar blockbuster hit was found with action figures in the likenesses of Ultraman characters, largely due to the popularity of the television series at the time; the figures were later released in North America to little fanfare.[4] In July 1966, it released Crazy Foam, a line of bubble blowing canisters that sold 2.4 million units in three months, thanks to the backing of an extensive marketing campaign.[6] Bandai's other products included the Thunderbird electrical vehicles, the Water Motor bath toys, and the Naughty Flipper, the last of which received a gold medal at the 1968 New York International Innovative productions Exhibition.[8] An additional manufacturing plant was acquired in late 1969 to further increase the production of toys.[4]

Continuing expansion and Mobile Suit Gundam (1971–1983)

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Bandai continued its expansion throughout the 1970s. The company established a joint venture with model car manufacturer Tonka in 1970 and established Tonka Japan K.K., as part of Bandai's continuing mission in establishing ties with foreign companies. A subsidiary named Popy was formed a year later that specialized in the manufacturing of toys based on popular children's characters. Though Bandai became a major player in the Japanese toy industry, competing with companies such as Takara and Epoch, executives believed the company needed to further spread out into international territories to help increase worldwide brand awareness.

Bandai continued to expand in the 1970s with the creation of several subsidiaries; Tonka Japan in 1970 following a joint venture with Tonka,[10] Bandai Models being established in 1971, and finally Popy,[11] who specialized in the manufacturing of toy characters.[12] Although not their most profitable range, Bandai's 1/48 scale AFV models dominated that segment of the model kit market. Bandai America Inc. was established as local US sales/marketing operation in 1978. Spacewarp, a line of build-it-yourself toy rolling ball "roller coasters" was introduced by Bandai in the 1980s.

In May 1980, Makoto Yamashina, son of the founder, became president of Bandai. Naoharu Yamashina became chairman of the board. Upon his arrival, Makoto Yamashina completely changed the ageing staff of Bandai and replaced them with younger employees with the intent of not only bringing new ideas, but also revisiting the strategy of the group. The new president took a different commercial approach by selling directly to retailers rather than going through intermediates.[4][6]

In July 1980, Bandai launched the 'Gundam Plastic Model' based on the animated series Mobile Suit Gundam which gave birth to the Gunpla range of scale model kits.[13][14] In November, the subsidiary Celent was created.[6]

Entry into the video game market (1983–1989)

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Bandai videogame platforms
Arcadia
LCD Solarpower
Playdia
Wonder Swan

Bandai became one of the first third-party developers for the Nintendo Family Computer in 1985.[15] Among its first titles was Tag Team Match: MUSCLE, a video game adaptation of the Kinnikuman manga, which sold over one million copies.[6] Bandai also produced the Family Trainer Pad, released outside Japan as the Power Pad, which also performed well commercially. A series of games was released both in the US and in Japan, including Athletic World and Stadium Events for the NES. Shortly after its release, Nintendo purchased the rights to the FFF mat in North America, replacing it with their own redesign, the Power Pad. In order to maintain branding continuity, Stadium Events was pulled from shelves after a short period of availability at Woolworth's stores. Because the game was pulled from shelves and discontinued before many copies were sold, Bandai's Stadium Events is universally accepted as the rarest licensed NES game released in North America.[16][17] A shrink-wrapped copy of the game sold for $41,270 on eBay in February 2010.[18] The sister game to Stadium Events, called Athletic World was initially released with a label that indicated compatibility with the Family Fun Fitness mat, but was later re-released with an updated label that mentions the Power Pad instead.[19] Stadium Events was not released by name again, but instead was slightly modified and relaunched as the Power Pad pack-in game, World Class Track Meet.

Since the 1980s, Bandai has become the leading toy company of Japan, and to this day, has the main toy licenses in Japan to popular properties including Daikaiju, Ultraman, Super Robot, Kamen Rider, the Super Sentai and Power Rangers series (which it took part in creating), Gundam, and many others. In February 1989, it acquired arcade game developer Coreland and reorganized it into Banpresto, which became Bandai's coin-operated entertainment division.[20] In the early 1990s, Bandai published games for Nintendo in the United Kingdom, including Street Fighter II on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.[21]

Mainstream success and expansion (1989–1995)

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Financial decline and failed merger with Sega (1995–1999)

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In January 1997, Bandai announced it would merge its operations with Japanese video game developer Sega.[22][23][24] The merger, a $1 billion stock swap where Sega would acquire Bandai and dissolve the company,[22] would have established a new entertainment conglomerate named Sega Bandai Ltd. with an estimated $6 billion in revenue.[25] The announcement followed a ¥9 billion loss from Bandai the same month, attributed to declining game sales and the poor reception of the Apple Pippin console.[22] Bandai felt Sega was an appropriate company to merge with, as it possessed an American management model and several international offices, in addition to owning several successful franchises like Sonic the Hedgehog.[22][25] Opposition arose within Bandai's employees and midlevel executives, as neither felt the company's family-friendly work ethic meshed well with Sega's top-down corporate culture.[26] As a result, Bandai called off the merge in May before its finalization in October.[27] President Makoto Yamashina took responsibility for its failure, publicly apologizing and resigning his position within the company.[28] Bandai instead agreed to a business alliance with Sega.[26]

Namco takeover and restructuring (2005–present)

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After its merger with game developer and amusement facility operator Namco in 2005, Bandai Company is now under the management and a member of Bandai Namco Holdings (Bandai Namco Group). Following a group reorganisation in 2006, Bandai heads the group's Toys and Hobby strategic business unit (SBU).[29] Bandai Entertainment announced it would cease its distribution operations in January 2012.[30][31] Beez Entertainment is no longer releasing new anime in Europe.[32]

In February 2018, Saban Brands and Bandai's US division jointly announced a mutual agreement to not renew their Power Rangers master toy license, effective Spring 2019, after which competing toy company Hasbro will inherit the license. This transition will not affect Bandai Japan's Super Sentai (the series from which Power Rangers takes footage) master toy license with Toei.

A sister company, Bandai Spirits, was established on 15 February 2018. On 1 April 2018, the division of Bandai that dealt with products for adult customers (including figures and plastic models) as well as Banpresto's prizes business were transferred over to Bandai Spirits.[33]

Product lines

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Scale models

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(incomplete list)

Scale model trains by Bandai

Star Wars

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Bandai has developed kits of the following Star Wars vehicles and figures:

Toys

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Corporate structure

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Bandai's headquarters is in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. The company owns offices in the United States (Bandai America), Mexico (Bandai Corporación Mexico), the United Kingdom (Bandai UK), Indonesia (Bandai Namco Indonesia), France, Spain, Taiwan, and mainland China. In the past, it owned offices in Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, Germany, and East Asia, which acted as distributors for Bandai products in their respective countries. Bandai is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings and heads its parent's Toy and Hobby Content Strategic Business Unit (CSBU).

Bandai is among the largest and most profitable toy companies worldwide, alongside Hasbro and Mattel. The company focuses on creating unique and innovative products for its consumers, and to bend established conventions within the industry; its slogan, "Break out of the box" was made in reference to this.[36]

Subsidiaries of Bandai

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The Bandai Hobby Center in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka

Bandai Spirits Co., Ltd. produces figurines and plastic models targeted towards older demographics, utilizing popular licenses such as Mobile Suit Gundam, One Piece, Pokémon, Kirby, Disney, Star Wars, Hatsune Miku, Dragon Ball, Demon Slayer, Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, Ultraman, and My Hero Academia.

Bandai produces confectioneries, board games, and capsule toys through its subsidiary MegaHouse Corporation, which also releases toys and figurines under its MegaToy label. MegaHouse also holds the license for the Rubik's Cube in Japan, and has created multiple variations of the toy specifically for Japanese audiences. Manga series, television shows, and character-themed products are created by the Plex subsidiary.[37]

Notes

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  1. ^ Japanese: 株式会社バンダイ, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Bandai
  2. ^ Japanese: 株式会社万代屋商店, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Bandai-ya Shōten

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Revenue of major toy companies worldwide 2017". Statista. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pollack, Andrew (October 31, 1997). "Naoharu Yamashina, Toy Maker, Dies at 79". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Obituary - Naoharu Yamashina". The Economist. November 6, 1997. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Grant, Tina (2003). International Directory of Company Histories (Volume 55 ed.). St. James Press. p. 44. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Ryall, Julian (December 23, 2018). "From Astro Boy to Gundam to Ultraman, how Bandai became Japan's top toy company". The South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History". www.bandai.co.jp (in Japanese). Bandai. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Wild, Kim (2007). "Retroinspection: WonderSwan". Retro Gamer. No. 36. pp. 68–71. ISSN 1742-3155.
  8. ^ a b c d DeMaria, Russel (December 7, 2018). High Score! Expanded: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1138367203.
  9. ^ The New York Times News Service (November 1, 1997). "Founder Of Firm That Created Power Rangers". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  10. ^ "Tonka historique". StefGarage (in French). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  11. ^ "ToyboxDX Guide to Chogokin and Popinika". Alen Yen's ToyboxDX. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  12. ^ "Bandai's History: 1970's". Bandai. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  13. ^ "30 ans de Gunpla, de 1980 à 2010". Gundam-France.com (in French). Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  14. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (May 11, 2010). "Where Are Gundam Plastic Models Made?". Kotaku. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  15. ^ Kent, Steven L. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. Prima Publishing. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7.
  16. ^ "Original Nintendo Stadium Events Cartridge". Gamesniped.com. May 30, 2008. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  17. ^ "Wii Feature: 25 rarest Nintendo games ever". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. June 29, 2008. Archived from the original on July 1, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  18. ^ Smith, Mike (February 26, 2010). "Rare Nintendo game is $40,000 windfall". Yahoo! Games. Archived from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  19. ^ "Variant labels for NES games". Retrogaming Roundtable. October 18, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  20. ^ "Bandai Buys Coreland To Make Games" (PDF). No. 351. Japan: Amusement Press. Game Machine. March 1, 1989. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  21. ^ "Streets Ahead". N-Force. No. 6. December 1992. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d "Sega In Shock Merger With Bandai!!". No. 184. Computer and Video Games. March 1997. p. 8.
  23. ^ "Bandai and Sega band together". CNET. January 23, 1997. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  24. ^ "Sega, Bandai to merge into entertainment giant". The Japan Times. January 23, 1997. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  25. ^ a b Plunkett, Luke (August 9, 2011). "When Sega Wanted to Take Over the World (and Failed Miserably)". Kotaku. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  26. ^ a b "Bandai Calls Off Planned Merger with Sega". Wired. May 28, 1997. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  27. ^ Pollack, Andrew (May 28, 1997). "Acquisition of Bandai by Sega Called Off". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  28. ^ "Other Bandai Happenings". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 97. Ziff Davis. August 1997. p. 18.
  29. ^ "Toys and Hobby SBU". Bandai Namco Holdings. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  30. ^ Loo, Egan (January 2, 2012). "Bandai Entertainment to Stop Releasing New DVDs, BDs, Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  31. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (August 31, 2012). "Bandai Entertainment to Discontinue Home Video, Manga, Novel Sales". Anime News Network. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
  32. ^ Loo, Egan (January 5, 2012). "France's Beez Entertainment Stops Releasing New Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  33. ^ "Notice Regarding Reorganization of Subsidiaries". Bandai Namco. February 9, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  34. ^ a b Donohoo, Timothy (January 27, 2024). "Bandai Reveals Gundam Seed Freedom Kira and Lacus Action Figures". CBR. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  35. ^ Geolas, Paris (January 26, 2024). "Demon Slayer's New Tanjiro and Nezuko Bandai Action Figures to See Worldwide Release". CBR. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  36. ^ "Overview". www.bandai.co.jp. Japan: Bandai. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  37. ^ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (February 8, 2019). "Bandai's Plex Subsidiary to Absorb Tamagotchi Developer Wiz". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
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