Aleksey Apukhtin
Aleksey Apukhtin | |
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| Born | November 27, 1840 Bolkhov, Russian Empire |
| Died | August 29, 1893 (aged 52) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
Aleksey Nikolayevich Apukhtin (Russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Апу́хтин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ɐˈpuxtʲɪn] ⓘ; November 27 [O.S. November 15] 1840 – August 29 [O.S. August 17] 1893) was a Russian poet, writer and critic.
Biography
[edit]Apukhtin was born in Bolkhov and came from an ancient noble family. While yet a child, he displayed an astounding memory and a fondness for reading, especially poetry. By the age of ten, he knew by heart the works of Pushkin and Lermontov. Besides these, his favorite poets and authors of later years were Griboyedov, Baratynsky, Tyutchev, Fet, A. Tolstoy, L. Tolstoy, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky and Ostrovsky.
In 1852, aged only 11, he entered the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg, where he was a class mate of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who was his exact contemporary and became a lifelong friend. The founder, duke Peter of Oldenburg, and the director, Alexander Yazykov, took him under their personal wings.[1] He graduated with distinction in 1859. His work was encouraged by Turgenev and Fet.
While he was polite and courteous in the company of women, he became a witty storyteller in the company of men. His conversation was "imbued with such wit and clothed in such attractive form that for the sake of this alone one forgot the frivolity of the contents".[2] He was seen as a boy genius and a second Pushkin. But his output failed to live up to these early expectations, and he expressed little interest in making any money from his writings. It was only in the face of lack of funds that he made any attempt to publish his poems, giving many of them as gifts to his friends, from whom they were later retrieved for a posthumous collected edition.
His friendship with Tchaikovsky was marked by cycles of disagreements and offences followed by reconciliations.[3] Apukhtin dedicated several poems to Tchaikovsky.[4][5] Like Tchaikovsky, Apukhtin was homosexual with a weakness for younger men, and often suffered the pain of unrequited love. But unlike Tchaikovsky, who never publicly acknowledged his sexual interests in other men, Apukhtin lived openly with his male lovers. His sexual tastes were discussed in society and ridiculed in the press.[6]
He entered the civil service as a member of the Ministry of Justice. After two years retirement in the country (1862–64), he became associated with the Ministry of the Interior. He spent most of his life in St. Petersburg.[5]
Apukhtin may have played a role in introducing Tchaikovsky to his future wife Antonina Milyukova. One of Apukhtin's friends was the singer Anastasia Khvostova, who was Antonina's brother's sister-in-law. Tchaikovsky first met Antonina at a soiree at Anastasia's home in 1865, when she was only 16.[7]
In 1892, Tchaikovsky issued a warning to his beloved nephew Vladimir "Bob" Davydov to be wary of Apukhtin's interest in him. He was concerned that Apukhtin would seduce him, which was a source of jealousy as Davydov was also the subject of Tchaikovsky's unspoken sexual interest.[8]
Aleksey Apukhtin suffered from obesity, shortness of breath and dropsy. He died in Saint Petersburg on 29 August 1893, aged 52. Grand Duke Konstantin suggested Tchaikovsky compose a requiem in honour of Apukhtin, set to Apukhtin's poem of the same name, but he declined, saying he had just completed his 6th Symphony, which was imbued with a mood similar to that in the poem, and he feared repeating himself so soon, but also because he had no desire to write any sort of Requiem.[9] Tchaikovsky himself was to die suddenly just over two months later.
Work
[edit]Following the traditions of amorous gypsy romance, he introduced into this genre much of his own artistic temperament. Six of his romances were set to music by Tchaikovsky[4] These includedTo forget so soon, Does the day reign and Frenzied nights. Sergei Rachmaninoff was another composer who set Apukhtin's words to music.
Apukhtin's reputation as a poet was further strengthened in 1886, when his Poems collection was published.[4] In 1890 he published several prose works: Unfinished Story, Archive of the Countess D., Pavlik Dolsky's Diary. His prose was well regarded by Mikhail Bulgakov.
Books
[edit]- From Death to Life (short novel), R. Frank, New York, 1917. from Archive.org
- The Archive of Countess D., from Eight Great Russian Short Stories, Fawcett Publications, 1962.
- Collection of Poems by Aleksey Apukhtin (English Translations)
- Aleksey Apukhtin. Poems
- Three Tales by Aleksey Apukhtin ISBN 0-8386-3945-3
Sources
[edit]- Alexander Poznansky, Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man
- Tchaikovsky Research: Aleksey Apukhtin
Notes
[edit]- ^ Poznansky, pp. 40-41
- ^ Memoirs of Vassily Bertenson, a physician, quoted in Poznansy, 123
- ^ Poznansky, pp. 93, 122
- ^ a b c Terras, Victor (1991). A History of Russian Literature. Yale University Press. p. 411. ISBN 0-300-04971-4.
- ^ a b Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
- ^ Poznansky, pp. 40-46, 92, 123, 362
- ^ Poznansky, p. 205
- ^ Poznansky, p. 547
- ^ Poznansky, p. 569
References
[edit]External links
[edit]
- 1840 births
- 1893 deaths
- Gay poets
- Poets from the Russian Empire
- Literary critics from the Russian Empire
- Imperial School of Jurisprudence alumni
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Writers from Saint Petersburg
- Writers of Gothic fiction
- 19th-century writers from the Russian Empire
- 19th-century poets
- 19th-century composers
- 19th-century short story writers from the Russian Empire
- Russian LGBTQ poets
- 19th-century LGBTQ people from the Russian Empire