Al-Bu Nasir (Iraqi tribe)
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| Al-Bu Nasir ألبو ناصر | |
|---|---|
| Arab tribe | |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Nisba | Al-Nasiri (الناصري) |
| Location | Mainly Saladin Governorate, minor presence in other parts of Iraq and Syria |
| Descended from | Ahmed "Nasir al-Din" ibn Hussein "al-Iraqi" ibn Ibrahim "al-Arabi" ibn Mahmoud "al-Basri" ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah Qasim "al-Mubarak" ibn Muhammad Khuzam "al-Salim" ibn Abdul Karim "al-Wasiti" ibn Saleh Abd "al-Razzaq" ibn Muhammad ibn Sadr "al-Din Ali" ibn Izz al-Din Ahmed al-Sayyad |
| Parent tribe | Banu Hashim |
| Population | 35,000 |
| Branches |
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| Language | Arabic |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Al-Bu Nasir (Arabic: ألبو ناصر) is one of the Arab tribes of Iraq. Al-Bu Nasir is a Sayyid tribe of around 35,000 people[1][2] who primarily inhabit the town of Tikrit and the surrounding area of northern central Iraq, as well as many other areas in south and central Iraq. The progenitor of the Al-Bu Nasir tribe was Ahmed ibn Hussein ibn Ibrahim ibn Mahmoud (ناصر بن حسين بن إبراهيم بن محمود), who was a descendant of Ahmad Al-Rifa'i, hence an affiliation of the tribe being 'Al-Rifa'i.' Ahmad Al-Rifa'i was a Husseini Sayyid, being descended from Ibrahim ibn Musa Al-Kadhim.
History
[edit]Although not very numerous, the Al-Bu Nasir nonetheless obtained a reputation of being "a difficult lot of people, cunning and secretive, whose poverty drove most of them to pervert the Bedouins' legendary qualities of being warlike and fearless."[3] Like many Iraqi tribes, it follows the Hanafi fiqh and it traced its origins to the Arabian Peninsula, they maintained cordial ties with other related clans and tribes.[4] Al-Bu Nasir is a tribe of Sayyids migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq during the Ottoman era.[1]
The tribe rose to prominence in the 1960s, when one of its members, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, seized power in Iraq. Bakr's successor, Saddam Hussein, was also a member of the Al-Bu Nasir and the tribe became a crucial element of his hold in power from 1979 to 2003. Saddam drew heavily on the tribe to fill the upper echelons of his government and in particular to manage his security apparatus, notably the Intelligence Service and the Special Republican Guard.[5] Most of the key posts in the Iraqi government were held by members of the Beijat clan group and Majid extended family to which Saddam belonged; some elements of the regime's security apparatus, such as Saddam's bodyguards, were recruited exclusively from the al-Bu Nasir[6]
The relatively small size of the tribe was, however, an obstacle to Saddam's ability to fully "tribalise" the institutions of the Iraqi government.[citation needed] He recruited tens of thousands of supporters, whom he placed in command positions in the Iraqi Army, from a number of other tribes allied to the al-Bu Nasir. The resulting network of tribal alliances, centred on the al-Bu Nasir and bound to them by payment and patronage, provided the backbone of Saddam's regime.[7]
The power of the al-Bu Nasir and their tribal allies reached its zenith in the 1990s, when Saddam's regime was under great strain from the effects of international sanctions. Tribal chiefs were given extensive patronage, money and weapons as well as membership of the national assembly as a means of binding them to the regime. The old Ba'ath Party structures were to some extent sidelined in favour of an explicitly tribal power structure centred on the al-Bu Nasir.[8] However, the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein greatly reduced the influence of the al-Bu Nasir in the new Iraq.
Notable members
[edit]- Youssef Izz al-Din al-Nasiri, Minister of Education from 1936 to 1937
- Ahmed Matlab, Minister of Culture 1967
- Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979
- Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003
- Adnan Khairallah, the Defence Minister of Iraq from 1979 to his death in 1989
- Uday Hussein and Qusay Hussein, sons of Saddam Hussein
- Ali Hassan al-Majid, former Iraqi Defence Minister and cousin of Saddam Hussein
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "جريدة الرياض | أحمد حسن البكر رجل المقاومة الأول ضد بريطانيا". 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "الشيخ علي الندا شيخ عشيرة البيجات يتحدث لـ " الرياض " عن القيادات العراقية من تكريت". Al Riyadh (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ Said K. Aburish, quoted in Olsen, p. 177
- ^ Eric Davis, Memories of State: politics, history, and collective identity in modern Iraq, p. 177. University of California Press, 2005. ISBN 0-520-23546-0
- ^ John Andreas Olsen, "Strategic Air Power in Desert Storm", pp. 179, 215-218. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-7146-5193-1
- ^ Toby Dodge, Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation-Building and a History Denied, p. 161. C. Hurst & Co, 2003. ISBN 1-85065-728-9
- ^ Barry M. Rubin, Crises in the Contemporary Persian Gulf, p. 204-205. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-7146-5267-9
- ^ William Roe Polk, Understanding Iraq: a whistlestop tour from ancient Babylon to occupied Baghdad, p. 159. I.B. Tauris, 2005. ISBN 1-84511-123-0
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Al-Bu, Albu, Banu. | |
Part of Arab tribes |
