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Adriano Hernández

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Hernández and the second or maternal family name is Dayot.
The Honorable
Adriano Hernández y Dayot
Hernández in c. 1916
6th Director of Agriculture
In office
1916–1925
Preceded byHarry T. Edwards
Succeeded byStanton Youngberg
Assistant Director of Agriculture
In office
1914–1916
Preceded byHarry T. Edwards
Succeeded byWilliam E. Cobey
5th Governor of Iloilo
In office
1912–1914
Preceded byRuperto Montinola
Succeeded byAmado Avanceña
Member of the
Philippine Assembly
from Iloilo's 4th district
In office
1907–1909
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byEspiridion Guanco
Member of the Malolos Congress from Iloilo
In office
September 15, 1898 – November 13, 1899
Serving with Esteban de la Rama, Melecio Figueroa, Venancio Concepcion and Tiburcio Hilario
Personal details
Born
Adriano Hernández y Dayot

(1870-09-08)September 8, 1870
Dingle, Iloilo, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
DiedFebruary 16, 1925(1925-02-16) (aged 54)
Manila, Philippine Islands
Resting placeMausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolución
Political partyNacionalista (1907-1925)
Spouse(s)Carmen Gavira y Mapa
Guadalupe Dairo
Children
  • Lucía
  • Fernando
  • Alfonso
  • José
  • Ramona
  • Guillermo
  • Dolores Strong (adopted)
  • Dolores
Parent(s)Fernando Hernández (father)
Lucía Dayot (mother)
EducationAteneo Municipal de Manila
OccupationRevolutionary, patriot, military strategist, farmer
NicknameEl Táctico
Military service
Allegiance 1898 Spain
1898-1899 Federal State of the Visayas
1899-1901 Philippine Republic
1901-1902 United States
1902-1925 Insular government
Branch/service Ejército Libertador
Years of service1898-1901
RankGeneral General de brigada
Battles/warsPhilippine Revolution
  • Battle of the Cry of Lincud
  • Battle of the Cry of Santa Barbara
  • Battle of Jaro

Philippine–American War

  • Battle of Sambag
  • Battle of Tacas
  • Battle of Balantang

Adriano Hernández y Dayot (Spanish: [aðɾiˈano eɾˈnandes i daˈjot] ⓘ; September 8, 1870 – February 16, 1925) was a Filipino revolutionary, patriot, and military strategist during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War.

Early life

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Hernández was born on September 8, 1870 to Fernando Hernández of Valladolid, Spain and Lucía Dayot of the principalía class of Dingle, Iloilo.[1] His maternal grandfather, Don Juan Marcelino Dayot, and uncle, Don Luís Cantalicio Dayot, had served as gobernadorcillos of Dingle, respectively, in 1829–1835 and 1853–1861, 1869–1873.[2] Juan Marcelino was the teniente mayor of Laglag who was highly instrumental for the re-establishment of Dingle in 1823 as a pueblo in its own right,[3] while Luís Cantalicio, the longest-serving gobernadorcillo of Dingle, sold a number of his vast landholdings (haciendas) to pay for the tributes of his constituents during his years in office as town head.[4]

Hernández was a Spanish mestizo who studied at the Escuela Católica de Dingle (Dingle Catholic School) and later at the Ateneo Municipal in Manila.[5] His elder brother, Gen. Julio Hernández y Dayot, later became the Secretary of War of the Federal State of the Visayas during the revolutionary period. His two younger siblings were Consuelo and Pilar.[2]

Hernández was fully engaged in agriculture from 1890 until October 1898 when the second phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain during the Spanish–American War broke out.[6]

Military career

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During the Philippine Revolution, Hernández organized a revolutionary movement in Iloilo against the Spanish colonial authorities and then from 1898, against the United States. He was the leader of the Cry of Lincud which started the Philippine Revolution in Iloilo on October 28, 1898, along with his older brother Gen. Julio Hernández y Dayot, his first cousin and aide-de-camp Maj. Estefano Muyco y Dayot, Maj. Nicolas Roces, Lt. Col. Francisco Jalandoni, and Col. Quintín Salas at Barrio Lincud in Dingle. This victorious event is known today as the first armed uprising and declaration of revolution for Philippine independence in the island of Panay.[7] He then became an aide to General Martín Delgado because of his knowledge in military strategy.[8] He was designated Chief of Staff of the revolutionary government in the Visayas in November 1898 and represented the province of Iloilo at the Malolos Congress.

During the Philippine–American War, Hernández led the guerrilla movement in the province until he surrendered in 1901.

Post-war life

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Portrait of Adriano Hernández y Dayot in 1908 from the "Album histórico de la primera Asamblea Filipina"

Hernández declined to hold public office under the Americans in 1901 following his surrender. After the revolution ended with his properties destroyed, he emigrated with his family to Negros Occidental where he managed the Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas for seven years.[6] He was the premier town councilor of Silay, Negros Occidental from 1904 to 1906.[6] In 1907, he became a member of the first Philippine Assembly, the first nationally elected legislative body in the Philippines which was the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the American colonial Insular Government as a member of the Nacionalista Party for Iloilo's 4th legislative district,[6] which was dominated by the hacendado class who owned the vast hacienda estates that made up most of the cultivated land in the Philippines.[9] In 1912, he was elected as the fifth governor of Iloilo. A practicing farmer, Hernández became the first Filipino director of the Bureau of Agriculture in 1916, which had been headed by American colonial officials before his tenure.[10] This was part of the Filipinization policy of the American colonial government, following the Jones Act of 1916.

Hernández died on February 16, 1925 after his health failed due to relentless work.

Commemoration

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  • Camp General Adriano D. Hernandez in Dingle, Iloilo was named in his honor. It serves as headquarters of the 301st Infantry Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division of the Philippine Army.[11] The initial seven hectares of grassland of the 37-hectare military training camp was donated by his first cousin, Dingle municipal president Don Luís R. Dayot, to form the said military camp several years before World War II.[12]
  • The Cry of Lincud Heroes memorial in Lincud, Dingle was erected in his honor on the site of the initial uprising.
  • The Gen. Adriano Dayot Hernandez monument is a bronze monument located in the Dingle town plaza erected in his honor.
  • Hernandez Street, the main thoroughfare in Poblacion, Dingle, was named in his honor.

Personal life

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Carmen Gavira de Hernández and Gen. Adriano D. Hernández as Iloilo 4th District representative to the first Philippine Legislature in 1907
Carmen Hernández and her children: Alfonso, Fernando, Lucía, José, and Ramona

Hernández married Carmen Gavira y Mapa of Jaro, Iloilo and had six children with her: Lucía, Fernando, Alfonso, José, Ramona, and Guillermo.

Lucía married Ángel Manzano of Teverga, Spain. Tingting Cojuangco and Edu Manzano descend from this line.[13] Fernando became Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals. Alfonso, who was involved with the Bureau of Plant Industry, married Ma. Macandita Estrella R. Dayot, his father's first cousin and daughter of Dingle gobernadorcillo Luís Cantalicio Dayot. José, a national poet and writer in Spanish, was the 1927 Premio Zóbel awardee for his poem Lo que vimos en Joló y en Zamboanga. Ramona married Alejandro Legarda, Sr. The couple owned one of the first Art Deco houses in Manila built in 1937. Another son, Guillermo, was a Spanish, English, and Filipino sportscaster and sports editor.

Adriano and Carmen had an adopted daughter, Dolores Strong Hernández. Hernández also had another daughter with Guadalupe Dairo, Dolores D. Hernández, who became a town councilor of Dingle.[14]

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ Villaroel, Hector K. (1965). Eminent Filipinos. National Historical Commission. p. 125.
  2. ^ a b Sonza, Demetrio P. (2001). Adriano Hernandez: A Hero in War and in Peace. Local History and Biography Foundation. p. 1.
  3. ^ Erreción de Pueblos, Yloýlo: Erigiendo en Pueblo la Visita de Dingle [Establishment of Towns, Iloilo: Erecting as a Pueblo the Visita of Dingle] (in Spanish). Manila. May 10, 1823.
  4. ^ Municipality of Dingle (1993). 400 Years from Foundation and Christianization: Fresh Hopes for Dingle.
  5. ^ Quirino, Carlos (1995). Who's who in Philippine History. Tahanan Books.
  6. ^ a b c d Reyes, P. (1908). Directorio biográfico filipino, contiene las biografías de la intelectualidad Filipina, magistrados de la Corte suprema y jueces de primera instancia, miembros de la legislatura, altos funcionarios públicos y distinguidos, abogados y médicos Filipinos [Filipino biographical directory, containing biographies of Filipino intellectuals, Supreme Court justices and trial judges, members of the legislature, senior public officials and distinguished Filipino lawyers and doctors.] (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Manila: Manila,: Imp. y litografía "Germania". pp. 23–24.
  7. ^ Office of the President, Declaring Tuesday, October 28, 2008, as Special (Non-working) Day in the Municipality of Dingle, Province of Iloilo, Pres. Proc. No. 1642 (October 9, 2008) (Phil.), https://lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc2008/pdf/proc_1642_2008.pdf.
  8. ^ Marin, Bombette G. (October 19, 2011). "Pagdihon Festival in Dingle". Iloilo News Today. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  9. ^ Buhite, Russell (2008). Douglas MacArthur Statecraft and Stagecraft in America's East Asian Policy. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742544253.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ "History, Department of Agriculture". Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  11. ^ "47th Infantry Battalion prepares for redeployment to Southern Negros". Balita.ph. November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  12. ^ Salvador, Maximo G. (1974). Panay Guerilla Memoirs (1st ed.). Iloilo City. p. 213.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Cojuangco, Tingting (January 24, 2010). "Noynoy, Gibo, Edu: All in the family". Philstar.
  14. ^ Dayot, Ernesto J. (August 28, 2014). "Dingle—Hometown of Generals". The Visayan Tribune.
  15. ^ Sonza, Demetrio P. (2001). Adriano Hernandez: A Hero in War and in Peace. Local History and Biography Foundation.
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