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1981 United States Supreme Court case
Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division Full case name Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division et al. Citations 450 U.S. 707 (more Prior Decision of the State Employment Security Review Board reversed, 381 N.E.2d 888 (Ind. Ct. App. 1978); reversed, 271 Ind. 233, 391 N.E.2d 1127 (1979); cert. granted, 444 U.S. 1070 (1980). "The State's denial of unemployment compensation benefits to petitioner violated his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion..."[ 1]
Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger
Associate Justices
William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart Byron White · Thurgood Marshall Harry Blackmun · Lewis F. Powell Jr. William Rehnquist · John P. Stevens
Majority Burger, joined by Brennan, Stewart, White, Marshall, Powell, Stevens; Blackmun (Parts I, II, III) Concurrence Blackmun (concurring in part and concurring in the result) Dissent Rehnquist U.S. Const. amend. I
Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division [ 1] Supreme Court of the United States held that Indiana 's denial of unemployment compensation benefits to petitioner violated his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion, under Sherbert v. Verner [ 2]
Thomas, a Jehovah's Witness , was initially hired to work in his employer's roll foundry , which fabricated sheet steel for a variety of industrial uses, but when the foundry was closed, he was transferred to a department that fabricated turrets for military tanks. Since all of the employer's remaining departments were engaged directly in the production of weapons, petitioner asked to be laid off. When that request was denied, he quit, asserting that his religious beliefs prevented him from participating in the production of weapons. He was denied unemployment compensation benefits under the Indiana Employment Security Act.
At an administrative hearing, Thomas testified that he believed that contributing to the production of arms violated his religion, but he could, in good conscience, engage indirectly in the production of materials that might be used ultimately to fabricate arms. The hearing referee found that petitioner had terminated his employment because of his religious convictions but held that petitioner was not entitled to benefits because his voluntary termination was not based upon a "good cause [arising] in connection with [his] work," as required by the Indiana statute.
The Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division affirmed, but the Indiana Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the Indiana statute, as applied, improperly burdened petitioner's right to the free exercise of his religion. The Indiana Supreme Court vacated on petitioner's free exercise right, the burden justified by legitimate state interests.
The majority held that Indiana's denial of unemployment compensation violated Thomas' right to free exercise of religion.
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