User:Just granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)

Vertical axis = n + l
Color indicates crystal structure

Volume in angstroms³ (Atomic packing factor * Atomic mass / Density):

Ac 27.94

Th 24.53

Pa 15.11

U 11.45

Np 10.62

Pu 12.37

Am 25.1

Cm 22.66

Bk 20.71

Cf 20.6

Es 35.33

Fm -

Md -

No -

Lr -

Rf -

Db -

Sg -

Bh -

Hs -

Mt -

Ds -

Rg -

Cn -

Nh -

Fl -

Mc -

Lv -

Ts -

Og -

Alkali metals

La 28.01

Ce 25.96

Pr 26.3

Nd 25.5

Pm 24.74

Sm 20.55

Eu 32.88

Gd 24.67

Tb 23.97

Dy 23.55

Ho 23.24

Er 22.87

Tm 22.46

Yb 30.79

Lu 22.04

Hf 16.62

Ta 12.38

W 10.88

Re 10.98

Os 10.43

Ir 10.52

Pt 11.46

Au 12.65

Hg 14.7

Tl 21.38

Pb 22.65

Bi 21.47

Po 19.79

At 40.99

Rn 50.03

Fr -

Ra 51.48

Y 24.64

Zr 17.37

Nb 12.35

Mo 10.63

Tc 10.56

Ru 10.13

Rh 10.25

Pd 10.97

Ag 12.75

Cd 16.11

In 15.79

Sn 16.32

Sb 18.27

Te 20.55

I 23.54

Xe 44.25

Cs 80.56

Ba 44.56

Sc 18.67

Ti 13.16

V 9.5

Cr 8.29

Mn 8.38

Fe 8.08

Co 8.21

Ni 8.17

Cu 8.83

Zn 11.35

Ga 10.82

Ge 7.77

As 13.15

Se 16.47

Br 23.46

Kr 34.43

Rb 63.54

Sr 41.29

Noble Metals

Al 12.39

Si 6.86

P 19.3

S 14.99

Cl 22.5

Ar 28.39

K 52.02

Ca 32.05

B 4.42

C 1.95

N 17.19

O 13.9

F 12.52

Ne 16.58

Na 27.05

Mg 17.33

C6H6 89.43

Noble Gases

Li 14.77

Be 6.04

CO2 28.31

CH4 38.05

NH3 26.14

H2O 18.09

H2 28.16

He 27.37

Radius in angstroms:

Ac 1.88

Th 1.8

Pa 1.53

U 1.4

Np 1.36

Pu 1.43

Am 1.82

Cm 1.75

Bk 1.7

Cf 1.7

Es 2.03

Fm -

Md -

No -

Lr -

Rf -

Db -

Sg -

Bh -

Hs -

Mt -

Ds -

Rg -

Cn -

Nh -

Fl -

Mc -

Lv -

Ts -

Og -

Alkali metals

La 1.88

Ce 1.84

Pr 1.84

Nd 1.82

Pm 1.81

Sm 1.7

Eu 1.99

Gd 1.8

Tb 1.79

Dy 1.78

Ho 1.77

Er 1.76

Tm 1.75

Yb 1.94

Lu 1.74

Hf 1.58

Ta 1.43

W 1.37

Re 1.38

Os 1.35

Ir 1.36

Pt 1.4

Au 1.44

Hg 1.52

Tl 1.72

Pb 1.75

Bi 1.72

Po 1.68

At 2.14

Rn 2.28

Fr -

Ra 2.31

Y 1.8

Zr 1.61

Nb 1.43

Mo 1.36

Tc 1.36

Ru 1.34

Rh 1.35

Pd 1.38

Ag 1.45

Cd 1.57

In 1.56

Sn 1.57

Sb 1.63

Te 1.7

I 1.78

Xe 2.19

Cs 2.68

Ba 2.2

Sc 1.64

Ti 1.46

V 1.31

Cr 1.26

Mn 1.26

Fe 1.24

Co 1.25

Ni 1.25

Cu 1.28

Zn 1.39

Ga 1.37

Ge 1.23

As 1.46

Se 1.58

Br 1.77

Kr 2.02

Rb 2.47

Sr 2.14

Noble Metals

Al 1.43

Si 1.18

P 1.66

S 1.53

Cl 1.75

Ar 1.89

K 2.31

Ca 1.97

B 1.02

C 0.78

N 1.6

O 1.49

F 1.44

Ne 1.58

Na 1.86

Mg 1.6

Noble Gases

Li 1.52

Be 1.13

H2 1.89

He 1.87

Radius/Radius of ground shell:
(Nitrogen is 3 times larger than its own ground shell)

Ac 44.81

Th 43.39

Pa 37.33

U 34.41

Np 33.92

Pu 36.08

Am 46.15

Cm 45.07

Bk 44.2

Cf 44.58

Es 53.89

Fm -

Md -

No -

Lr -

Rf -

Db -

Sg -

Bh -

Hs -

Mt -

Ds -

Rg -

Cn -

Nh -

Fl -

Mc -

Lv -

Ts -

Og -

Alkali metals

La 28.72

Ce 28.49

Pr 29.11

Nd 29.3

Pm 29.49

Sm 28.18

Eu 33.48

Gd 30.91

Tb 31.09

Dy 31.39

Ho 31.72

Er 32.02

Tm 32.3

Yb 36.4

Lu 33.03

Hf 30.49

Ta 28.02

W 27.21

Re 27.66

Os 27.56

Ir 28

Pt 29.19

Au 30.55

Hg 32.52

Tl 37.3

Pb 38.49

Bi 38.28

Po 37.7

At 48.62

Rn 52.56

Fr -

Ra 54.3

Y 18.83

Zr 17.19

Nb 15.73

Mo 15.33

Tc 15.66

Ru 15.8

Rh 16.22

Pd 16.96

Ag 18.22

Cd 20.12

In 20.4

Sn 21.05

Sb 22.29

Te 23.63

I 25.2

Xe 31.68

Cs 39.4

Ba 32.93

Sc 9.24

Ti 8.62

V 8.08

Cr 8.06

Mn 8.43

Fe 8.66

Co 9.04

Ni 9.36

Cu 9.95

Zn 11.19

Ga 11.38

Ge 10.52

As 12.92

Se 14.35

Br 16.62

Kr 19.43

Rb 24.49

Sr 21.79

Noble Metals

Al 4.99

Si 4.42

P 6.68

S 6.55

Cl 7.96

Ar 9.11

K 11.76

Ca 10.54

B 1.36

C 1.24

N 3

O 3.19

F 3.47

Ne 4.23

Na 5.48

Mg 5.15

Noble Gases

Li 1.22

Be 1.21

H2 1.01

He 1

Each shell is twice the size of the previous shell so the natural thing to do is convert the radius to logarithm base 2.

Log₂(radius/radius of ground shell):

Ac 5.49

Th 5.44

Pa 5.22

U 5.1

Np 5.08

Pu 5.17

Am 5.53

Cm 5.49

Bk 5.47

Cf 5.48

Es 5.75

Fm -

Md -

No -

Lr -

Rf -

Db -

Sg -

Bh -

Hs -

Mt -

Ds -

Rg -

Cn -

Nh -

Fl -

Mc -

Lv -

Ts -

Og -

Alkali metals

La 4.84

Ce 4.83

Pr 4.86

Nd 4.87

Pm 4.88

Sm 4.82

Eu 5.07

Gd 4.95

Tb 4.96

Dy 4.97

Ho 4.99

Er 5

Tm 5.01

Yb 5.19

Lu 5.05

Hf 4.93

Ta 4.81

W 4.77

Re 4.79

Os 4.78

Ir 4.81

Pt 4.87

Au 4.93

Hg 5.02

Tl 5.22

Pb 5.27

Bi 5.26

Po 5.24

At 5.6

Rn 5.72

Fr -

Ra 5.76

Y 4.23

Zr 4.1

Nb 3.98

Mo 3.94

Tc 3.97

Ru 3.98

Rh 4.02

Pd 4.08

Ag 4.19

Cd 4.33

In 4.35

Sn 4.4

Sb 4.48

Te 4.56

I 4.66

Xe 4.99

Cs 5.3

Ba 5.04

Sc 3.21

Ti 3.11

V 3.01

Cr 3.01

Mn 3.07

Fe 3.11

Co 3.18

Ni 3.23

Cu 3.31

Zn 3.48

Ga 3.51

Ge 3.4

As 3.69

Se 3.84

Br 4.06

Kr 4.28

Rb 4.61

Sr 4.45

Noble Metals

Al 2.32

Si 2.14

P 2.74

S 2.71

Cl 2.99

Ar 3.19

K 3.56

Ca 3.4

B 0.45

C 0.32

N 1.58

O 1.67

F 1.79

Ne 2.08

Na 2.45

Mg 2.37

Noble Gases

Li 0.29

Be 0.27

H2 0.01

He -0

Notice how small hydrogen and helium are!

User:Just granpa/Atomic radii:

Documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

See also: User:Just_granpa/Atomic volume, User:Just_granpa/Atomic Data cell, and User:Just_granpa/Atomic Crystal structure cell

See also http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/technical-data and Periodic table (crystal structure)

Volume

{{User:Just_granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)}} produces the volume form above.

Calculates the atomic volume by dividing the atomic mass by the density.

For example:

carbon = 12.011 neutron masses / (3510 kg/m^3) = 5.73 angstroms^3

(In other words 3510 kg/m^3 = 12.011 neutron masses/5.73 angstroms^3)

The resulting volume is multiplied by the User:Just granpa/Atomic packing factor for the corresponding crystal system.

Background color indicates the crystal structure.

liquid, and amorphous

fcc, hcp, dhcp

bcc

pc, sc, dc

hex, tetr, rho, and mon

The atomic packing factors of hex, tetr, rho, and mon (in red) are not known precisely.

This template repeatedly calls User:Just granpa/Atomic volume cell.
It also calls User:Just granpa/Atomic volume cell (nonelement)

Radius

{{User:Just granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)|radius}} produces the radius form above.

This template first calculates the atomic volume by dividing the atomic mass by the density (just like above).
Then it calculates the atomic radii.
This template repeatedly calls User:Just granpa/Atomic radius cell.

Radius in units of ground shell radius

{{User:Just granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)|radius2}} produces the radius form in units of ground shell radius shown above.

A nitrogen atom, for example, is 3 times larger than its ground shell electron shell.
By this measure all of the increase in atomic radius occurs between Noble Metals and noble gases.
(Except for a brief and inexplicable increase for alkali metals which are 25% larger than expected)

The radius of the ground shell is assumed to be proportional to 1/Atomic number.
No attempt has been made to account for shielding of the nucleus.

This template repeatedly calls User:Just granpa/Atomic radius2 cell.



Each shell appears to be roughly twice the size of the previous shell so is a natural thing to do is convert the radius to logarithm base 2.

Hence:

Logarithm of radius in units of ground shell radius

{{User:Just granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)|radius3}} produces the radius form in logarithm of units of ground shell radius shown above.

This template repeatedly calls User:Just granpa/Atomic radius3 cell.

Histogram

Histogram of radii:

5.75, 5.72, 5.76,
5.60,
5.53,
5.49, 5.44, 5.49, 5.47, 5.48,
5.30,
5.22, 5.27, 5.24,
5.13, 5.10, 5.19, 5.17,
5.08, 5.09, 5.07, 5.00, 5.01, 5.05, 5.02, 5.04,
4.95, 4.96, 4.97, 4.99, 4.93, 4.93, 4.99,
4.84, 4.83, 4.86, 4.87, 4.88, 4.81, 4.81, 4.87,
4.73, 4.77, 4.79, 4.78,
4.66, 4.61,
4.48, 4.45,
4.33, 4.31, 4.39,
4.23, 4.26, 4.28,
4.10, 4.19,
4.02, 4.08, 4.06,
3.98, 3.94, 3.97, 3.98,
3.76,
3.60,
3.51, 3.56,
3.48, 3.40, 3.40,
3.31,
3.21, 3.23,
3.11, 3.11, 3.18, 3.19,
3.01, 3.01, 3.07,
2.99,
2.71,
2.64,
2.45,
2.32, 2.37,
2.14,
2.08,
1.79,
1.67,
1.58,
0.36, 0.32,
0.29, 0.27,
0.01, 0,

The above documentation is transcluded from User:Just granpa/Atomic volume (Alternate)/doc. (edit | history)
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