List of East European Jews
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Until the Holocaust, Jews were a significant part of the population of Eastern Europe. Outside Poland, the largest population was in the European part of the USSR, especially Ukraine (1.5 million in the 1930s), but major populations also existed in Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. Here are lists of some prominent East European Jews, arranged by country of origin.
- List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
- List of Hungarian Jews
- List of Polish Jews
- List of Romanian Jews
- List of Ukrainian Jews
- List of Jews born in the former Russian Empire (and the former Soviet Union)
Azerbaijan
- Max Black, philosopher
- Misha Black, designer; brother of Max Black
- Bella Davidovich, pianist
- Gavril Abramovich Ilizarov, Soviet physician, known for inventing the Ilizarov apparatus
- Lev Landau, physicist, Nobel Prize (1962)
- Lev Nussimbaum, writer (a.k.a. Kurban Said)
- Vladimir Rokhlin, mathematician
Moldova (formerly Bessarabia)
- Lev Simonovich Berg, geographer & zoologist
- Gary Bertini, conductor
- Bronfman family
- Samuel Bronfman, founder of Seagram
- Samuel Cohen, composer of hatTiqwah
- I. A. L. Diamond, comedy writer
- Meir Dizengoff, politician
- Lazar Dubinovski, painter
- Giora Feidman, musician
- William F. Friedman, cryptographer
- A. N. Frumkin, electrochemist
- Mikhail Gershenzon, historian
- Roman Grinberg, musician
- Nachum Gutman, painter
- Idel Ianchelevici, sculptor
- Mona May Karff, chess player
- Boris Katz, artificial intelligence researcher
- Gary Koshnitsky, chess player
- Abba Ptachya Lerner, economist
- Avigdor Liberman, politician
- Oleg Maisenberg, concert pianist
- Lewis Milestone, director
- Sigmund Mogulesko, singer, actor, composer
- Sacha Moldovan, painter
- Moishe Oysher, Yiddish singer
- Mark Pester, violinist, conductor, teacher
- Mendel Portugali, An Hashomer founder
- Sir Michael Postan, historian
- Anton Rubinstein, pianist
- Joseph ben Yehuda Leib Shapotshnick, rabbi
- Volodia Teitelboim
- Andy Zaltzman, British comedian
- Mark Zeltser, concert pianist
- Meir Zorea, general in the Israel Defense Forces
Slovakia
- Joseph Goldberger, discovered cure for pellagra
- Ignác Kolisch, chess player
- Peter Lorre, actor
- Robert Maxwell, media mogul
- Ivan Reitman, film director
- Richard Réti, chess player
- Herman Steiner, chess player
Slovenia
- Katja Boh, politician
- Berta Bojetu, author
- Israel Isserlin, Medieval rabbi
- Klemen Jelinčič Boeta, historian, anthropologist and translator
- Lev Kreft, sociologist and politician
- Dušan Šarotar, author and editor
- Mirjam Štajner, writer