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Luigi

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This article is about the Nintendo character. For other people named Luigi, see Luigi (given name). For other uses, see Luigi (disambiguation).

Luigi
Mario character
2D art of a cartoon plumber with a mustache, a large round nose, a green cap with the letter L, a green shirt, indigo overalls, and brown shoes.
Promotional art by Shigehisa Nakaue (2017)
First gameMario Bros. (Game & Watch) (1983)
Created byShigeru Miyamoto
Designed by
Voiced by
Portrayed by
In-universe information
FamilyMario (brother)
NationalityItalian (games)
Italian-American (other media)

Luigi (/luˈiːdʒi/; Japanese: ルイージ, romanized: Ruīji) is a character created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Part of Nintendo's Mario franchise, he is a kind-hearted, cowardly Italian plumber, and the younger fraternal twin brother and sidekick of Mario. Like his brother, Luigi's distinctive characteristics include his large nose and mustache, overalls, green hat, and high-pitched, exaggerated Italian accent.

Luigi first appeared in Mario Bros., a 1983 platform game, in which he was originally designed as a palette swap of Mario with a green color scheme; Luigi has since appeared in multiple games and other media throughout the Mario franchise, in which developed a personality and style of his own. As his role in the Mario franchise progressed, Luigi evolved into a physically distinct character, and become the main protagonist of Mario is Missing! and the Luigi's Mansion series. Charles Martinet voiced Luigi from 1992 to 2023, when he was succeeded by Kevin Afghani.

Luigi has appeared in over 200 video games. These include puzzle games such as Dr. Luigi, role-playing games such as Paper Mario and Mario & Luigi, and sports games such as Mario Kart and Mario Tennis. Luigi has also appeared in other Nintendo properties, such as the Super Smash Bros. series of crossover fighting games. From March 2013 to March 2014, Nintendo called the period the Year of Luigi to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the character's existence. Correspondingly, games released in 2013 emphasized Luigi. An unlockable Luigi-themed version of Mario Bros., titled Luigi Bros., was also included with Super Mario 3D World.

Luigi's likeness has been featured in merchandise based on the Mario series, as well as comic books and television shows such as The Super Mario Bros. Super Show, in which he was portrayed by Danny Wells. He was also portrayed by John Leguizamo in the live-action film Super Mario Bros. (1993) and voiced by Charlie Day in the animated film The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023).

Concept and creation

This emblem appears on Luigi's hat and as a symbol for him in many game interfaces.

Luigi's creation began in 1982, during the development of Donkey Kong, where Shigeru Miyamoto had created Jumpman (then later known as Mario), hoping that he would be able to recast the character in a variety of roles in future games. Miyamoto was inspired by Joust to create a game with a simultaneous two-player mode, which led to his development of the game Mario Bros.[7] where Luigi was given the role of Mario's brother as the second playable character, both Mario and Luigi were styled as Italian plumbers in Mario Bros., on the suggestion of a colleague.[8]

It is currently unconfirmed how Luigi received his name, although there are many theories. New Straits Times noted that Miyamoto observed the Japanese word ruiji means "similar", thus explaining the similarities of Luigi to Mario.[9] Rus McLaughlin of IGN wrote that the theories from a rhyme on the Japanese word for "analogous" and a pizza parlor near Minoru Arakawa's office called Mario & Luigi's were considered. Software constraints at the time of the respective game's origins meant that Luigi's first appearance was restricted to a simple palette swap.[8]

After the success of Mario Bros., Luigi was introduced to a wider audience in the 1985 video game Super Mario Bros.,[9] while Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels, marked the beginning of Luigi's development toward becoming a more distinguished character. Luigi's movement was no longer identical; he could now jump higher and farther than his brother, at the expense of movement response and precision.[10] Consequently, In 1988, an alternative release was developed to serve as Super Mario Bros. 2 for Western players (and later released in Japan as Super Mario USA); this version played a key role in shaping Luigi's current appearance.[8]

Actor portrayal

Much like his appearance, Luigi's vocal portrayal has fluctuated over the years. Mario Kart 64, in which many characters were voiced for the first time, some characters, including Luigi, had two different voices; the North American and European versions of the game feature a low-pitched voice for Luigi, provided by Charles Martinet, who also voiced Mario, Wario, and Waluigi. The Japanese version uses a high-pitched, falsetto voice, provided by the then French translator at Nintendo Julien Bardakoff. Inconsistent voice acting continued with many Nintendo 64 games; all versions of Mario Party feature Bardakoff's high-pitched clips from Mario Kart 64.[1]

Luigi retained this higher voice in Mario Party 2. In Mario Golf, Mario Tennis, and Mario Party 3, his voice returned to a lower state. Since then, with the exceptions of Mario Kart: Super Circuit and Super Smash Bros. Melee, Luigi has consistently had a medium-pitched voice, performed by Martinet until 2023 and Kevin Afghani since 2023. In Mario Kart: Super Circuit, Luigi's voice was the same high-pitched voice from the Japanese version of Mario Kart 64. In Super Smash Bros. and Super Smash Bros. Melee, Luigi's voice is made up of clips from Mario's voice taken from Super Mario 64, with raised pitches. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, he has his own voice (which is medium-pitched) instead of a pitched-up version of Mario's.[citation needed] Luigi was voiced by Charlie Day in the 2023 film adaptation and was given a somewhat higher-pitched voice.[5]

Characteristics

The arcade version of Mario Bros., released in 1983, featured Luigi (right) in his debut appearance as a palette swap of Mario (left).

Luigi is portrayed as the taller, younger brother of Mario, and is usually seen dressed in a green shirt, dark blue overalls, and a green hat with a green "L" insignia. Although Luigi is a plumber like Mario,[11] other facets of his personality vary from game to game; Luigi always seems nervous and timid, but is good-natured and can keep his temper better than his brother. A baby version of the character named Baby Luigi debuted in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, who is held captive by Kamek. He also appeared in Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time as a playable character along with Baby Mario. He is voiced by Charles Martinet, just like his adult self. Being the younger twin of Mario, Luigi is presumed to be also 24 years old.[12]

While it has not been made official, Daisy has been rumored to be Luigi's romantic interest. In Mario Kart Wii they are seen in statue dancing together. She was his caddy in NES Open Tournament Golf,[13] as Peach was to Mario. Also on Daisy's trophy in Super Smash Bros. Melee, it says that she is possibly Luigi's answer to Mario's Peach.[14] Nintendo did not initially give Luigi a surname. The first notable use of "Luigi Mario" was in the 1993 live-action film adaptation. In September 2015, at the Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary festival, Miyamoto stated that Mario's full name was Mario Mario. As a result, this indirectly confirms Luigi's full name to be Luigi Mario.[15]

Appearances

Main article: List of Luigi video games

Luigi's first appearance was in the 1983 arcade game Mario Bros. as the character controlled by the second player. He retained this role in Wrecking Crew. He later appeared in Super Mario Bros. for the NES,[11] and again in Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels, Super Mario Bros. 2, Super Mario Bros. 3, and Super Mario World. Super Mario Bros. 2 introduced Luigi as the taller of the two brothers, as well as the better jumper. Super Mario Bros. 3, and Super Mario World returned to featuring Luigi as identical to Mario. He made a minor appearance in his baby form in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Luigi was conspicuously absent in Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine. However, the Nintendo DS remake of Super Mario 64 features him as a playable character alongside Mario, Yoshi, and Wario.[citation needed]

Luigi has been associated with the more difficult second acts of multiple Super Mario games.[16] These include The Lost Levels, Super Mario Galaxy 2, New Super Luigi U and the new game plus in Super Mario 3D Land, which offer more challenging elaborations on their respective predecessors and allow the player to use Luigi as the main character, with whom reduced friction and higher jumping is consistent in all of these games. Luigi became playable in the Nintendo DS game New Super Mario Bros. as a hidden character, and as a hidden character in the Wii game Super Mario Galaxy. In its sequel, Super Mario Galaxy 2, the player can switch out for Luigi throughout the game.[17] He also appears as a playable character in New Super Mario Bros. Wii, where four players can play at once cooperatively as Mario, Luigi, and two Toads. He also appears in Super Mario 3D Land as a playable character as well as New Super Mario Bros. 2 and New Super Mario Bros. U, the latter having a DLC mode, where he is the main character, called New Super Luigi U. It has levels altered to his specific play abilities, including higher jumping. The DLC is also available as a standalone retail version. Luigi also appeared in Super Mario 3D World along with his brother, Peach, Rosalina and Toad.[citation needed]

Luigi appears in many of the Mario spin-off games, including Mario Kart, Mario Party, and all of the Mario sports games. He also appears in all five installments of the Super Smash Bros. series; in the first three installments and Ultimate, he is an unlockable character. Luigi received his own starring role in the 2001 video game Luigi's Mansion, where he wins a mansion from a contest he never entered, and saves Mario from King Boo. He reprised his role in the installments Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon and Luigi's Mansion 3.[18]

Luigi has appeared in every Mario role-playing games. While he originally made a cameo appearance in the end credits of Super Mario RPG, he appears more prominently in the Paper Mario series. He is a non-playable character in the original Paper Mario. In the sequel Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, he appears yet again as a non-player character, going on a separate adventure from Mario's. Super Paper Mario features him as a playable character after he is initially brainwashed into working for the antagonist under the name "Mr. L". In Paper Mario: Sticker Star and Paper Mario: Color Splash, Luigi plays a minor role and can be found in the background of certain levels for a coin reward. In Color Splash, Luigi appears at the end of the game driving a kart and helps Mario reach Bowser's Castle. In Paper Mario: The Origami King, he once again helps Mario by retrieving the keys of Peach's Castle himself.[19] The Mario & Luigi series features Luigi as a main protagonist; the events of the games focus on him and his brother Mario. He has appeared in all seven Mario & Luigi games.[citation needed]

Other media

A photo of John Leguizamo
A photo of Charlie Day
John Leguizamo and Charlie Day had portrayed Luigi in two theatrical films.

Luigi made an appearance in the 1986 film Super Mario Bros.: The Great Mission to Rescue Princess Peach! in which he was voiced by Yū Mizushima. He was not given his consistent color scheme, sporting a yellow shirt with a blue hat, and overalls. In the film, Luigi is a greedy character and even leaves Mario at one point to look for coins. He was also a little more serious, but less courageous than his brother Mario, who constantly daydreamed about Princess Peach.[20] Luigi later made an appearance in the OVA Amada Anime Series: Super Mario Bros. released in 1989, in which the Mario characters portrayed in the story of Snow White. He appears at the end of the video to save Mario and Peach from the Wicked Queen, portrayed by Koopa.

Luigi regularly appeared in The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, airing from 1989 to 1990, which cast Danny Wells as both his live-action portrayal and voice. Like his brother, Luigi's voice actor changed in later cartoons, in his case to Tony Rosato. Even though he was not the starring character in the show, Luigi appeared in all 91 episodes of the three DiC Mario television animated series, in one of which his brother himself did not appear ("Life's Ruff" from The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3).

Luigi played a different role in the Super Mario Bros. film, where he was portrayed by John Leguizamo.[21] He is depicted as a more easy-going character in contrast to the cynical Mario, portrayed by Bob Hoskins.[21] In the film, Luigi is not Mario's twin, but is much younger to the point that Mario is said to have been like a surrogate father to him since their parents' deaths, and his romantic relationship with Daisy is one of the film's main plot elements. Luigi appears in the 2023 film adaptation voiced by Charlie Day.[22] Luigi, alongside his brother Mario, are residents of Brooklyn who recently began their own plumbing business. Both stumble upon a Pipe, and while Mario is transported to the Mushroom Kingdom, Luigi is transported to the Dark Land where he is captured by Bowser and his forces. He later reunites with Mario near the film's climax to defeat Bowser.

Legacy

Main article: Year of Luigi

On March 19, 2013, Nintendo began the "Year of Luigi". This included a year of Luigi-themed games like Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon, Dr. Luigi, Mario & Luigi: Dream Team, and New Super Luigi U. A Luigi's Mansion statue was released on Club Nintendo. On March 19, 2014, the Year of Luigi ended.[23] On October 4, 2019, Nintendo declared that the entire month of October would be the Month of Luigi. This was done to celebrate Luigi's Mansion 3, which was released on October 31, 2019. The Month of Luigi ended on November 1, 2019.[24]

In 2015, game designer Josh Millard released Ennuigi which relates the story of Luigi's inability to come to terms with the lack of narrative in the original Super Mario Bros.[25][26][27] Reception regarding Luigi's character in Ennuigi ranged from "depressed",[28] "laconic",[29] "perpetually miserable",[30] to "an angsty teenager who just finished writing a book report about Albert Camus' The Stranger."[26] In a Reddit thread, Millard commented "I [...] think it's a pretty weird implied narrative once you step back and look at it, and enjoyed funneling some thoughts about all that into a recharacterization of Luigi as a guy who's as legitimately confused and distressed by his strange life as you'd expect a person to be once removed from the bubble of cartoony context of the franchise."[31]

References

  1. ^ a b "Interview with the Voice of Mario". GameSpy. Archived from the original on December 14, 2004. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  2. ^ "Mario Is Missing!". Behind The Voice Actors. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  3. ^ "Super Mario Bros. Movie - Audio Poster Pack". YouTube. November 2, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  4. ^ "Hotel Mario". Behind The Voice Actors. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Murphy, J. Kim (September 23, 2021). "Nintendo Direct: Chris Pratt Will Voice Mario in the Super Mario Bros. Movie". IGN. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  6. ^ "News Release : Nov. 30, 2022 "Illumination and Nintendo Announce Second Trailer and the Japanese voice cast for The Super Mario Bros. Movie"". Nintendo Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  7. ^ DeMaria, Rusel (2002). High score! : the illustrated history of electronic games. McGraw Hill-Osbourne. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-07-222428-3.
  8. ^ a b c McLaughlin, Rus (November 8, 2007). "IGN Presents: The History of Super Mario Bros". IGN. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Super Mario: The New Craze in Japan". New Straits Times. August 10, 1986. p. 10. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google News.
  10. ^ Hayward, Andrew (October 1, 2007). "VC Update: Sin and Punishment, Mario: Lost Levels". 1up.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
  11. ^ a b "Luigi Biography". IGN. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
  12. ^ Mendelsohn, Tom (September 30, 2016). "Mario is only 24 years old, according to creator Shigeru Miyamoto". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  13. ^ "IGN: Princess Daisy Biography". IGN. July 7, 2010. Archived from the original on November 29, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  14. ^ 2002. Nintendo. "Trophy Gallery" on Super Smash Bros. Melee game disc.
  15. ^ 【衝撃事実】ついに任天堂公式のマリオの本名が判明！任天堂の代表取締役・宮本茂氏が明かす [[Impact] fact finally found real name of Nintendo official of Mario! Reveal the representative director, Shigeru Miyamoto of Nintendo] (in Japanese). September 14, 2015. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
  16. ^ Parish, Jeremy (June 25, 2013). "New Super Luigi U Review". USGamer. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  17. ^ Gilbert, Henry (April 23, 2010). "Luigi in Mario Galaxy 2? Official Japanese site says yes, Super Mario Galaxy 2 Wii News". GamesRadar+. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  18. ^ Brown, Andrew (June 7, 2011). "Luigi's Mansion 2 to Haunt Nintendo 3DS". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  19. ^ "Paper Mario: The Origami King". Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Archived from the original on January 28, 2024. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  20. ^ Plunkett, Luke (April 19, 2012). "There was a Good Super Mario Bros. Movie. Let's Watch it!". Kotaku. Archived from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  21. ^ a b "At the Movies: Super Mario Bros". Bventertainment. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  22. ^ Schaffstall, Katherine (April 10, 2023). "'The Super Mario Bros. Movie': See Who Voices the Beloved Characters". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  23. ^ Gaston, Martin (February 18, 2014). "Miyamoto puts an official end to the Year of Luigi". GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  24. ^ Craddock, Ryan (October 4, 2019). "October 2019 Is Officially The Month Of Luigi". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  25. ^ Billock, Jennifer (August 6, 2015). "One of the Mario Bros. has an existential crisis in the new game Ennuigi". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on August 31, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  26. ^ a b Maiberg, Emanuel (August 17, 2015). "Uh Oh, Luigi Read Some Derrida and Now He's 'Ennuigi'". Vice. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  27. ^ Schneider, Martin (August 6, 2015). "'Ennuigi': Nintendo for pretentious existentialists". Dangerous Minds. DangerousMinds.net. Archived from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  28. ^ Good, Owen S. (August 27, 2016). "Bored? I'll show you boredom. Play 'Ennuigi'". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 30, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  29. ^ Gera, Emily (August 16, 2015). "Ennuigi: Bringing Existential Angst To Super Mario". Rock Paper Shotgun. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  30. ^ Prell, old Emma (August 12, 2015). "A chain-smoking Luigi is your forlorn guide through life in Ennuigi". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  31. ^ Messner, Steven (August 29, 2016). "In Ennuigi you play a depressed, chain-smoking Luigi who's lost all hope". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
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