Jump to content

Nuri Dersimi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Dardaros (talk | contribs) at 15:09, 19 September 2024. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Nurî Dersimî
Potrait of Nurî Dersimî, 1930s
Potrait of Nurî Dersimî, 1930s
Born1893
Akpınar, Sanjak of Dersim, Ottoman Empire
Died22 August 1973
Aleppo, Syria
OccupationWriter - Revolutionary - Intellectual
EducationHevi-Kürt Talebe Cemiyeti (Istanbul)
Literary movementKurdish Nationalism
Notable worksHatıratım (1951)

Mehmed Nuri Dersimi (1893 in Akpinar – 22 August 1973), also known as Baytar Nuri, was a Kurdish writer, revolutionary and intellectual.[1]

Early life and origin

Dersimi was born in March 1893 in the village Akpınar near Hozat, in the Sanjak Dersim.[1] From 1899 he went to primary school in Hozat. After, he was sent to the military academy in Elazığ, but he was not happy there and asked to come back to his family. His father decided to move with his family to Harput in 1905, where Dersimi attended secondary school. There Dersimi was more comfortable. In 1907 the family moved again to Hozat, where Dersimi could stay with his uncle and visit the local boarding school.[2] 1911 he traveled Istanbul by ship via Trabzon and began to study veterinary medicine. There he became a member of the Kurdish student society Hevi-Kürt Talebe Cemiyeti and 1912 he became the secretary of the Kürdistan Muhibban Cemiyeti.

Family and legacy

He had adopted several children in Syria, one of whom he named after Seyid Riza. His son Seyid Riza had a son as well who was named after his grandfather, Nuri Dersimi.[3]

Political career

During World War I, he worked as a military veterinarian in Erzincan.[4][5] In Erzincan he was a witness of the massacres perpetrated against the Armenians. Because of his political activities, in 1916 he was sent to Kangal, in Sivas, where he married his wife Selvi. In 1917 he returned to Istanbul to finish his studies.

From 1919 to 1921 the Koçgiri rebellion took place, which Dersimi supported. He opposed the findings of Abdulkadir Ubeydullah and preferred independence to autonomy for the Kurds. In October 1920, he departed from Istanbul and travelled to the region of the Koçgiri tribe in the Erzincan Province, where he established several offices for the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan.[6] But already in 1919, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became aware of Dersimi's activities and offered him and Alisan, another prominent member of the Koçgiri tribe to be a candidate for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, an offer they both refused to accept.[7] After the suppression of the Koçgiri rebellion, Mustafa Kemal accused Dersimi of being responsible for the uprising and excluded him from an amnesty for the rebels.[7] After this, Dersimi hid with Seyid Riza and taught people to write Kurdish in Latin letters and was a well-perceived notable amongst the Kurdish community.[8] In 1931 the Turkish government pardoned Dersimi and gave him a farm in Holvenk.[8] But the Turkish authorities still kept searching his house. Friends visited seldom, and Dersimi's situation became more difficult. Following a visit to Ankara, he demanded to be provided with a new home in the west of the country, a request which was denied. After he was summoned by the military commander Abdullah Aldoğan of the Fourth Inspectorate-General in the Dersim region, he became aware that he could not stay in Turkey any longer.[9]

Koçgiri uprising 1920

A recommendation was written by Seyit Abdülkadir to the Ministry of Agriculture to take the post of veterinarian of the Kangal, Divriği and Zara districts, and in June 1919, he left Istanbul with Mustafa Pashazade Haydar, one of the chiefs of the Koçgiri tribes, and went to Giresun via the Black Sea, and from there to İmranlı in the Zara district of Sivas Province) and from there to the village of Boğazviran (today's Boğazören).[10] In Boğazviran, Mustafa Pashazade Haydar met with his brother Alişan and his secretary Alişer and decided to establish the organization.[11] He was arrested for his activities on December 20, 1920, but was released with the intervention of Hasan Hayri.[11][12]

After participating in the Koçgiri rebellion, he took refuge in Dersim on May 15, 1921.[13] He was convicted in absentia on 25 June 1921 at the Court of War, established by the Central Army under the command of Sakallı Nureddin.[14]

He enabled the some tribes of Ovacık to form an alliance with their leader Seyid Riza.[15] He married the daughter of Munzur Aghazade Ali Agha, the chief of the Seydan tribe, with the idea of ​​ending the hostility between the Seydan and Sığıhasanan tribes and instilling Alevi loyalty.[16] However, he could not convince Ali Agha to form an alliance with Seyid Riza.[16]

Persecution and exile

After the defeat of the Dersim Rebellion, Nuri Dersimi sought the faraway places in exile, so as not to fall into captivity and judgment.[17] To go abroad, he went from Elazığ to Istanbul, he planned to go to Greece with the excuse of going to Edirne by train.[17] However, when he came to Bakırköy and heard that Sabri Bey, whom he met by chance, would be captured and handed over to Turkey due to the internal agreement between Greece and Turkey, he choosed to stay in Turkey.[17]

When he realized that it was impossible to seek asylum through Balkan countries, he decided to seek asylum in the Mandate for Syria and first went to Mersin and then to Adana. He wrote a telegram from Adana to Elazığ, informing him that he would go to Mardin, and on September 11, 1937, he boarded the express train that would come from Istanbul and go to Mardin and Baghdad via Syria. He took refuge in Syria with the help of Syrian-Kurdish lawyer named Kâmil Sinno, the lawyer of Abdul Hamid II‘s heirs, who happened to get on the same wagon.[17]

In summer 1937 he decided to flee first to Greece, after to Syria which at the time was under French Mandate. On the 11 September 1937 he crossed into Syria.[18][19]

Death

Nuri Dersimi died in Aleppo on 22 August 1973 and his body is in Afrin.[20]

Publications

  • Kurdistan Tarihinde Dersim, (Turkish) Köln, 1988, ISBN 978-9756876442[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Kieser, Hans-Lukas (1997). "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi, ein asylsuchender Kurde". In Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.). Kurdistan und Europa:Einblicke in die kurdische Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts (in German). Zürich: Chronos. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-905312-32-4.
  2. ^ Kieser, "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi".
  3. ^ "The Rojava Legacy of Nuri Dêrsimî". ANF News. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  4. ^ Kieser, "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi".
  5. ^ "Nuri Dersimi (Dersim, 1893- Alep 1973) | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche". www.sciencespo.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  6. ^ Olson, Robert (1989). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. University of Texas Press. p. 28. ISBN 0292776195.
  7. ^ a b "The Repression of the Koçgiri Rebellion, 1920-1921 | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche". repression-koa-giri-rebellion-1920-1921.html (in French). 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  8. ^ a b Kieser, "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi", p. 202
  9. ^ Kieser, "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi", p. 203
  10. ^ Olson & Rumbold 1989, p. 43.
  11. ^ a b Soileau 2018, p. 213.
  12. ^ Olson 1989, p. 32.
  13. ^ Olson 1989, p. 31.
  14. ^ Mango 1999, p. 330.
  15. ^ Faik Bulut, ibid, p. 221. (in Turkish)
  16. ^ a b Faik Bulut, ibid, p. 221. (in Turkish)
  17. ^ a b c d Dersimi 1952, p. 276.
  18. ^ Kieser, "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi".
  19. ^ Dersimi 1952, p. 281.
  20. ^ Kieser, Hans-Lukas (1997). "Mehmet Nuri Dersimi, ein asylsuchender Kurde". In Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.). Kurdistan und Europa:Einblicke in die kurdische Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts (in German). Zürich: Chronos. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-905312-32-4.
  21. ^ Dersimi, Nuri (2012). Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim. ISBN 978-9756876442.
  22. ^ Dersimi, Nuri (2014). Hatiratim. ISBN 978-6058626676.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuri_Dersimi&oldid=1246537746"