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List of causes of shortness of breath

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Many different conditions can lead to the feeling of dyspnea (shortness of breath). DiagnosisPro, an online medical expert system, listed 497 in October 2010.^[1] The most common cardiovascular causes are acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure while common pulmonary causes include: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumothorax, and pneumonia.^[2]

Pulmonary

Obstructive lung diseases
Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura
- Contagious
  - Anthrax through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
  - Pneumonia
  - COVID-19
- Non-contagious
  - Fibrosing alveolitis
  - Atelectasis
  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  - Interstitial lung disease
  - Lung cancer
  - Pleural effusion
  - Pneumoconiosis
  - Pneumothorax
  - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
  - Sarcoidosis
Pulmonary vascular diseases
- Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
- Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- Superior vena cava syndrome

Other causes

Obstruction of the airway
- Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
- Empty nose syndrome
- Pulmonary aspiration
- Epiglottitis
- Laryngeal edema
- Vocal cord dysfunction
Immobilization of the diaphragm
- Lesion of the phrenic nerve
- Polycystic liver disease
- Tumor in the diaphragm
Restriction of the chest volume
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Broken ribs
- Kyphosis of the spine
- Obesity
- Costochondritis
- Pectus excavatum
- Scoliosis
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
- Aortic dissection
- Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital heart disease
- CREST syndrome
- Heart failure
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Malignant hypertension
- Pericardium disorders, including:
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Valvular heart disease
Disorders of the blood and metabolism
Disorders of the neurological system
- Ischemic stroke (when it occurs in the brain stem)
- Brain bleed (when it occurs in the brain stem)
Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles
Psychological conditions
- Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
Medications
- Fentanyl
Other
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Pregnancy^[4]

References

^ "Differential Diagnosis For Dyspnea: Poisoning (Specific Agent)". Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-23.
^ Shiber JR, Santana J (May 2006). "Dyspnea". Med. Clin. North Am. 90 (3): 453–79. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2005.11.006. PMID 16473100.
^ Hwu WL, Suzuki Y, Yang X, et al. (February 2000). "Late-onset holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency with homologous R508W mutation". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 99 (2): 174–7. PMID 10770035.
^ Simpson, Kathleen Rice; Patricia A Creehan (2007). Perinatal Nursing (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7817-6759-0.

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