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'''Specific carbohydrate diet''' ('''SCD''') is a restrictive diet first described by [[Sidney V. Haas]] (1870–1964) in 1924 to treat [[celiac disease]]<ref name=hou>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hou JK, Lee D, Lewis J |title=Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: review of patient-targeted recommendations |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=1592–600 | date=October 2014 |pmid=24107394 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.063 |url=http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)01512-7/abstract|type=Review |pmc=4021001}}</ref>, and further refined in his 1951 medical textbook ''The Management of Celiac Disease''.<ref name=haas>{{cite book |author1 = Haas, Sidney Valentine |author2 = Haas, Merrill P. |title = The Management of Celiac Disease| publisher = Literary Licensing | year = 1951 | ISBN = 1-258-19621-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cylNAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> It was later re-popularized in 1987 by Elaine Gottschall, the mother of one of Haas's patients.<ref name=brown>{{cite journal|doi=10.1586/egh.10.11|title=Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease?|year=2010|last1=Brown|first1=Amy C|last2=Roy|first2=M|journal=Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology|volume=4|issue=2|pages=191–215|type=Review|url=http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)01512-7/fulltext|name-list-format = vanc}}</ref>
'''Specific carbohydrate diet''' ('''SCD''') is a restrictive diet first described by [[Sidney V. Haas]] (1870–1964) in 1924 to treat [[celiac disease]]<ref name=hou>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hou JK, Lee D, Lewis J |title=Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: review of patient-targeted recommendations |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=1592–600 | date=October 2014 |pmid=24107394 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.063 |url=http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)01512-7/abstract|type=Review |pmc=4021001}}</ref>, and further refined in his 1951 medical textbook ''The Management of Celiac Disease''.<ref name=haas>{{cite book |author1 = Haas, Sidney Valentine |author2 = Haas, Merrill P. |title = The Management of Celiac Disease| publisher = Literary Licensing | year = 1951 | ISBN = 1-258-19621-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cylNAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> It was later re-popularized in 1987 by Elaine Gottschall, the mother of one of Haas's patients.<ref name=brown>{{cite journal|doi=10.1586/egh.10.11|title=Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease?|year=2010|last1=Brown|first1=Amy C|last2=Roy|first2=M|journal=Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology|volume=4|issue=2|pages=191–215|type=Review|url=http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)01512-7/fulltext|name-list-format = vanc}}</ref>


The SCD is a [[gluten-free diet]] since no grains are permitted,<ref name=hou/> and the SCD was a popular treatment for celiac disease decades before gluten was discovered.<ref name=uchicago/> The diet can prevent further gut damage in people with celiac and Crohn's disease, and allow healing.<ref name=brown/>{{sfn|p=193}} In fact, it's now easy to argue that SCD's success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains.<ref name=fasano>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqaDD3jkcfYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6|title=Frontiers in Celiac Disease|editor1= Fasano,Alessio|editor2= Troncone, Riccardo|editor3=Branski, D|year=2008|quote="it's now easy to argue that its success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains"}}</ref>{{sfn|pg=6}} There is also a growing body of evidence that dietary restrictions may also address [[Non-celiac gluten sensitivity|non-celiac gluten intolerance]].<ref name=hou/>
The SCD is a [[gluten-free diet]] since no grains are permitted,<ref name=hou/> and the SCD was a popular treatment for celiac disease decades before gluten was discovered.<ref name=uchicago/> The diet can prevent further gut damage in people with celiac and Crohn's disease, and allow healing.<ref name=brown/> In fact, it's now easy to argue that SCD's success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains.<ref name=fasano>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqaDD3jkcfYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6|title=Frontiers in Celiac Disease|editor1= Fasano,Alessio|editor2= Troncone, Riccardo|editor3=Branski, D|year=2008|quote="it's now easy to argue that its success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains"}}</ref> There is also a growing body of evidence that dietary restrictions may also address [[Non-celiac gluten sensitivity|non-celiac gluten intolerance]].<ref name=hou/>


== History ==
== History ==

Revision as of 03:57, 1 May 2017

Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) is a restrictive diet first described by Sidney V. Haas (1870–1964) in 1924 to treat celiac disease[1], and further refined in his 1951 medical textbook The Management of Celiac Disease.[2] It was later re-popularized in 1987 by Elaine Gottschall, the mother of one of Haas's patients.[3]

The SCD is a gluten-free diet since no grains are permitted,[1] and the SCD was a popular treatment for celiac disease decades before gluten was discovered.[4] The diet can prevent further gut damage in people with celiac and Crohn's disease, and allow healing.[3] In fact, it's now easy to argue that SCD's success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains.[5] There is also a growing body of evidence that dietary restrictions may also address non-celiac gluten intolerance.[1]

History

In 1924, the first Specific Carbohydrate Diet for the treatment of celiac disease was the banana diet for pediatric patients.[6] Haas described a trial with 10 children, and all 8 children treated with bananas went into remission, and the two control children died.[4] The banana SCD was the cornerstone of celiac therapy for decades until bread shortages in the Netherlands caused by World War II caused children with celiac disease to improve, which led to the isolation of wheat proteins, not starches, as the cause of celiac disease.[4] Before the banana SCD, one of four celiac patients died.[6] After more research, he described the Specific Carbohydrate Diet as a treatment for celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease in his 1951 medical textbook The Management of Celiac Disease.[2] The diet was later re-popularized by biochemist Elaine Gottschall the mother of one of Haas's patients, whose 1987 book Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health Through Diet outlines the diet and provides guidelines and recipes.[7] Gottschall also claims SCD treats Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, cystic fibrosis, chronic diarrhea, and autism.[3]

Details and effectiveness

Gottschall's Specific Carbohydrate Diet limits the use of complex carbohydrates (disaccharides and polysaccharides). Monosaccharides are allowed, and various foods including fish, aged cheese and honey are included. Prohibited foods include cereal grains, potatoes and lactose-containing dairy products.[3]

There have been no large prospective controlled trials of SCD,[1], and support for the diet's effectiveness comes from small clinical trials[3] and users' testimonials[1]. In general, the diet may reduce GI symptoms in some IBD patients, though the diet risks imposition of an undue financial burden and potentially causing malnutrition.[1] The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America point out that there have been only limited studies of the SCD in relation to Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis, and while "there is no evidence to suggest that any particular food or diet causes, prevents or cures inflammatory bowel disease", they also say that "dietary recommendations are generally aimed at easing symptoms during flares".[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Hou JK, Lee D, Lewis J (October 2014). "Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: review of patient-targeted recommendations". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. (Review). 12 (10): 1592–600. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.063. PMC 4021001. PMID 24107394.
  2. ^ a b Haas, Sidney Valentine; Haas, Merrill P. (1951). The Management of Celiac Disease. Literary Licensing. ISBN 1-258-19621-2.
  3. ^ a b c d e Brown, Amy C; Roy, M (2010). "Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease?". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 4 (2): 191–215. doi:10.1586/egh.10.11. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c "A Brief History of Celiac Disease" (PDF). Impact: The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center, Summer 2007. Summer 2007. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  5. ^ Fasano,Alessio; Troncone, Riccardo; Branski, D, eds. (2008). Frontiers in Celiac Disease. it's now easy to argue that its success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains
  6. ^ a b "Dr. Sidney Valentine Haas Dies". The New York Times. December 1, 1964. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  7. ^ Gottschall, Elaine (2004). Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health Through Diet. Kirkton Press.
  8. ^ "The Specific Carbohydrate Diet". Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. 1 June 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2017.

Further reading

  • Brown, Amy C; Rampertab, S Devi; Mullin, Gerard E (2011). "Existing dietary guidelines for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 5 (3): 411–425. doi:10.1586/egh.11.29. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
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