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{{Infobox settlement |
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{{Articleissues|article=y|citations missing=March 2008|refimprove=March 2008}} |
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| official_name = Velenje |
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| other_name = |
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| native_name = |
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| nickname = |
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| settlement_type = Town |
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| motto = |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| border = infobox |
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| perrow = 1/2/2 |
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| total_width = 280 |
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| align = center |
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| caption_align = center |
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| image1 = Panorama Velenja 2010.jpg |
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| caption1 = <small>Velenje from air</small> |
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| image2 = Velenje cerkev Sv Andreja EŠD 3428 (8).jpg |
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| caption2 = <small>St. Andrew's church and castle ruins</small> |
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| image3 = Velenje Vila Herberstein EŠD 4323 (3).jpg |
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| caption3 = <small>Villa Herberstein</small> |
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| image4 = Velenje Vila Bianca EŠD 4324 (3).jpg |
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| caption4 = <small>Villa Bianca</small> |
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| image5 = Velenje Fischerjeva grobnica EŠD 4367 (1).jpg |
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| caption5 = <small>Fischer's tomb</small> |
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| image6 = Velenjski grad poleti.jpg |
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| caption6 = <small>[[Velenje Castle]]</small> |
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}} |
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| image_flag = Flag of Velenje (vertical).svg |
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| flag_size = |
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| image_seal = |
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| seal_size = |
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| image_shield = |
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Coat of arms of Velenje.svg |
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| shield_size = |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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| blank_emblem_type = |
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| blank_emblem_size = |
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| image_map = |
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| mapsize = |
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| map_caption = |
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| image_map1 = |
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| mapsize1 = |
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| map_caption1 = |
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| image_dot_map = |
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| dot_mapsize = |
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| dot_map_caption = |
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| dot_x = |
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| dot_y = | |
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| pushpin_map = Slovenia |
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| pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Slovenia |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flagicon image|Flag of Slovenia.svg}} [[Slovenia]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = Traditional region |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Styria|Styria]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Savinja Statistical Region|Savinja]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[City Municipality of Velenje|Velenje]] |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| leader_name = |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name1 = |
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| leader_title2 = |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| leader_title3 = |
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| leader_name3 = |
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| leader_title4 = |
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| leader_name4 = |
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| established_title = Settled |
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| established_date = 1889 |
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| established_title2 = [[Town privileges]] |
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| established_date2 = 1951 |
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| established_title3 = |
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| established_date3 = |
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| area_magnitude = |
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| unit_pref = |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="SURS">{{cite web |title=Naselje Velenje |url=https://www.stat.si/KrajevnaImena/Settlements/Details/4911 |website=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> |
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| area_total_km2 = 12.59 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_total_sq_mi = |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_urban_sq_mi = |
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| area_metro_km2 = |
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| area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| area_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| population_as_of = 2019 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="SURS"/> |
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| population_note = |
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| population_total = 24327 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_density_sq_mi = |
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| population_metro = |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_urban = |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_blank2_title = Religions |
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| population_blank2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| timezone = |
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| utc_offset = |
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| timezone_DST = |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|46|21|45|N|15|06|52|E|region:SI|display=inline,title}} |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 396 |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| postal_code_type = |
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| postal_code = |
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| area_code = |
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| registration_plate = CE |
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| blank_name = |
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| blank_info = |
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| blank1_name = |
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| blank1_info = |
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| website = |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Velenje''' ({{IPA|sl|ʋɛˈlɛːnjɛ|pron|Sl-Velenje.oga}}; {{langx|de|Wöllan}}<ref name="Leksikon">''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.</ref>) is the sixth-largest city of [[Slovenia]], and the [[seat of local government|seat]] of the [[City Municipality of Velenje|Municipality of Velenje]]. The city is located in the traditional Slovenian region of [[Styria (Slovenia)|Styria]] (northeastern Slovenia), among the rolling green hills of the [[Šalek Valley]], with the [[Kamnik–Savinja Alps]] to the west and the [[Pohorje|Pohorje Mountains]] to the east. |
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{{Infobox Settlement |
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<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> |
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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
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|name = <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |
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|official_name =Velenje |
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|native_name = |
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|other_name = |
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|nickname = |
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|settlement_type = <!--such as Town, Village, City, Borough etc.--> |
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|total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |
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|motto = |
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==Name== |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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[[File:1874ca 5kr Wöllan Velenje Slovenia.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The name ''Wöllan'' was used on this Austro-Hungarian 1874 [[Cancellation (mail)|cancellation]]]] |
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|image_skyline = TE Sostanj in Velenjsko jezero.jpg |
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Velenje was first attested in written sources in 1264 as ''Weln'' (and as ''Welan'' in 1270, and ''Belen'' and ''Welen'' in 1296). The name derives from *''Velen′e selo'' 'Velenъ's village'. A less likely hypothesis derives the name from the Slovene common noun ''velen(je)'' 'pasture for livestock'.<ref>Snoj, Marko. 2009. ''Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen''. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 450–451.</ref> The name of the town was changed to ''Titovo Velenje'' (literally, 'Tito's Velenje') in 1981 in honor of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] leader [[Josip Broz Tito]]. The name ''Velenje'' was restored in 1990, just before the declaration of Slovenian independence in 1991.<ref>''Spremembe naselij 1948–95''. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.</ref> In the past, the German name of the settlement was Wöllan.<ref name="Leksikon"/> |
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|imagesize = 300px |
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|image_caption = |
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|image_flag = Flag of Velenje.gif |
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|flag_size =120px |
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|image_seal = |
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|seal_size = |
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|shield_size =60px |
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|image_blank_emblem = |
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|blank_emblem_type = |
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|blank_emblem_size = |
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|image_map = Karte Velenje si.png |
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|mapsize = |
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|map_caption = Location of the Municipality of Velenje in Slovenia |
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|image_map1 = |
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|mapsize1 = |
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|map_caption1 = |
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|image_dot_map = |
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|dot_mapsize = |
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|dot_map_caption = |
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|dot_x = |dot_y = |
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|pushpin_map = Slovenia |
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|pushpin_label_position = left<!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location of the city of Velenje in Slovenia |
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|pushpin_mapsize = |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = [[Slovenia]] |
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|subdivision_type1 = Region |
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|subdivision_name1 = |
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|subdivision_type2 = Municipality |
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|subdivision_name2 = Velenje |
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|subdivision_type3 = |
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|subdivision_name3 = |
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|subdivision_type4 = |
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|subdivision_name4 = |
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<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --> |
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|seat_type = |
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|seat = |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
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|government_footnotes = |
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|government_type = |
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|leader_title =Mayor |
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|leader_name =[[Srečko Meh]] |
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|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |
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|leader_name1 = |
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|leader_title2 = |
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|leader_name2 = |
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|leader_title3 = |
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|leader_name3 = |
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|leader_title4 = |
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|leader_name4 = |
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|established_title = |
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|established_date = |
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|established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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|established_date1 = |
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|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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|established_date2 = |
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|established_title3 = |
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|established_date3 = |
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|founder = |
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|named_for = |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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|area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |
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|unit_pref =Imperial<!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |
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|area_footnotes = |
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|area_total_km2 =83.5<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |
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|area_water_km2 = |
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|area_total_dunam = <!--Used in Middle East articles only--> |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_land_sq_mi = |
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|area_water_sq_mi = |
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|area_water_percent = |
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|area_urban_km2 = |
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|area_urban_sq_mi = |
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|area_metro_km2 = |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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|area_blank1_title = |
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|area_blank1_km2 = |
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|area_blank1_sq_mi = |
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<!-- Elevation --------------------------> |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|elevation_m = |
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|elevation_ft = |
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|elevation_max_m = |
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|elevation_max_ft = |
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|elevation_min_m = |
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|elevation_min_ft = |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_as_of =2002 |
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|population_footnotes = |
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|population_note = |
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|population_total =33,331 |
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|population_density_km2 = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|population_metro = |
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|population_density_metro_km2 = |
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|population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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|population_urban = |
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|population_density_urban_km2 = |
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|population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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|population_blank1_title =males |
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|population_blank1 =16,659 |
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|population_blank2_title =female |
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|population_blank2 =16,672 |
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|population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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|timezone = |
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|utc_offset = |
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|timezone_DST = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
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|coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --> |
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|latd=46 |latm=22 |lats= |latNS=N |
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|longd=15 |longm=07 |longs= |longEW=E |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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|postal_code = |
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|area_code = |
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|blank_name =Average age |
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|blank_info =37.34 years |
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|blank1_name =Residential areas |
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|blank1_info ={{convert|25.45|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}/person |
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|blank2_name =Households |
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|blank2_info =11,443 |
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|blank3_name =Families |
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|blank3_info =9,659 |
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|website = [http://www.velenje.si/ Official site] |
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|footnotes = Source: [[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]], census of 2002. |
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}} |
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==History== |
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'''Velenje''' ([[German language|German]]: ''Wöllan'') is a municipality with 33.331 inhabitants in the northeast of [[Slovenia]]. Stari Velenje (the old part at the foot of the castle) is mentioned for the first time 1264 and 1374 as small market town and was a center of handicraft and trade. Due to [[lignite]] mining, the city expanded especially after [[World War II]]. After the death of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] president for life [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]] it was renamed [[List of places named after Tito|Titovo Velenje]] in 1981, but the old name was returned to the city in 1991, shortly before Slovenia became independent. |
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===Mass grave=== |
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Velenje is the headquarters of [[Gorenje]], a manufacturer of [[major appliance|household appliances]], and the former hometown of [[Jolanda Čeplak]], a Slovenian [[middle distance track event|middle distance]] [[Athletics (track and field)|athlete]] and Olympic bronze medalist. |
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<!-- linked from redirect [[Koželj Mass Grave]] --> |
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The Koželj [[Mass graves in Slovenia|Mass Grave]] ({{langx|sl|Grobišče Koželj}}) from the period immediately after World War II, is located in the Goll Woods ({{lang|sl|Gollova hosta}}) below Big Koželj Hill ({{lang|sl|Veliki Koželj}}) beside a tributary of Trubušnica Creek. It contains the remains of a truckload of Slovene civilian prisoners, including many Velenje natives, that were transported from the prisons in [[Celje]] and shot on June 15, 1945.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferenc |first1=Mitja |title=Grobišče Koželj |url=https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2534:485_x1683524.0226102418_y5836853.227524362_s15_b2345 |website=Geopedia |publisher=Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve |access-date=November 20, 2023 |location=Ljubljana |language=sl |date=December 2009}}</ref><ref>Dežman, Jože. 2009. ''Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008''. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.</ref><ref>Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2007. ''Informacija o urejanju prikritih grobišč.'' Ljubljana, p. 7.</ref><ref>[http://www.mddsz.gov.si/fileadmin/mddsz.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti__pdf/09042010_prilogaSonda%C5%BEa.pdf Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2010. ''Terenske preiskave lokacij, kjer so evidentirana prikrita vojna grobišča v Republiki Sloveniji: Seznam lokacij, kjer se izvedejo terenske preiskave.'' Ljubljana, p. 32.] {{in lang|sl}}</ref> The site is marked by an official inventory sign<ref>[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/38618585 Photo of inventory sign (no. 093) at the Koželj Mass Grave.]</ref> and a small concrete plaque.<ref>[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/17633221 Photo of plaque at the Koželj Mass Grave.]</ref> |
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===Modern history=== |
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== Towns and villages == |
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[[File:Rudarsko naselje Velenje 1960 (3).jpg|thumb|Newly built quarter of Velenje in 1960]] |
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[[Arnače]], [[Bevče]], [[Črnova]], [[Hrastovec, Velenje|Hrastovec]], [[Janškovo selo]], [[Kavče]], [[Laze, Velenje|Laze]], [[Lipje]], [[Lopatnik]], [[Lopatnik pri Velenju]], [[Ložnica, Velenje|Ložnica]], [[Paka pri Velenju]], [[Paški Kozjak]], [[Pirešica]], [[Plešivec]], [[Podgorje, Velenje|Podgorje]], [[Podkraj pri Velenju]], [[Prelska]], [[Silova]], [[Šenbric]], [[Škale]], [[Škalske Cirkovce]], [[Šmartinske Cirkovce]], '''[[Velenje]]''', [[Vinska Gora]] |
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The 1889 Old Velenje ({{langx|sl|Staro Velenje}}), the old part of today's city, was a small market town with 364 citizens, located downtown at the foot of [[Velenje Castle]]. The [[lignite]] mining industry in the area contributed to the expansion of the town before [[World War II]]. |
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After the war, Velenje rapidly advanced and developed into a modern city. The city was [[Planned community|planned]] and built in the 1950s, in the time of the [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]]. The manufacturer of [[home appliance]]s, [[Gorenje]], moved its headquarters to the city from the nearby settlement of [[Gorenje, Šmartno ob Paki|Gorenje]]. |
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You cannot find Velenje on the globe even if you look for it with a a magnifying glass, and on the European continent it is seen only as a small dot in this wide world. If you take a closer look at this dot, you might discover a piece of Slovenian land – attractive Styrian landscape – which invites you to visit this charming city … |
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All of you, who are reading this text, are invited to accept our invitation to visit the Velenje basin or rather the valley of Šaleška dolina, as this Styrian part of Slovenian land, surrounded by Smrekovec (1577 m), Paški Kozjak, the Ložnica highlands and the eastern Karavanke mountains, is usually called by its inhabitants. |
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Let us invite you, with pictures and word, to the uraban municipality and the city of Velenje, and to the valley Šaleška dolina – named after the Šalek Castle and nearby settlement Šalek. Today, the grand old ruin of the Šalek Castle, so often depicted by a painter’s inspiration and frequently visited as a place wit |
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H a fine view, has become a symbol of the Šalek spirit. |
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If you come to Velenje from the Koroška (Carinthiahe) side, the ruin of the Šalek Castle bids you welcome, if you come from the Celje region you are greeted by the mighty Velenje Castle, which is situated on the hill overlooking the city, and if you come to Velenje via Škale the Turn Castle welcomes you from its gentle slope. The first thought that comes to mind when you see these three castles. Is this a valley of castles? Is very pertinent, for there are at least dozen more (regretfully in ruins) hidden in the Valley. In its lavish past the Valley was obviously interesting as church building area, with its 26 dominant sacral buildings it somehow deserves to be named the valley of churches. In addition to the many castles and churches, which bear witness to a rich cultural heritage in this area from the Romanesque period on, the creator of the landscape has enabled us to call the Valley the valley of lakes. At first sight you get the impression of a mighty and fabulous world in the Valley and in the city of Velenje. Yet through the centuries this place has slowly and carefully merged with stone and water, as if the grounds of Velenje borough and later luxuriantly grown city were never really left to coincidence, but were built, stone by stone, sometimes white, sometimes black; in mosaic harmony and symbiosis. |
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One of the many landscapes starts with the settlement Šalek: here the valley opens from the narrow part of the Paka river basin into the widened part of the valley. In former times, Paka, flowing in to river Savinja, often flooded and for that reason approximately forty years ago the people of Velenje regulated it themselves, working voluntarily on that and many other occasions. Today, the Paka is connected with the urban part of the valley on its south side. |
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The valley Šaleška dolina is 1 to 2,5 kilometers wide and 8 kilometers long. The amphitheatrically relief of it is due to two tectonic faults, inside which the land between Smrekovec and Paški Kozjak sank and was filled by the Pannonian Sea in ancient times, and then later, in the Early Pliocene, a lake formed. There are layers of clay and coal from that period and their exploitation crucially influenced the re-forming of the landscape. The valley spreads in the east-southeast towards west-northwest; it’s configuration and openness in many respects a great advantage in the development of the Valley area. |
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The central Tito Square officially opened on September 20, 1959, and features the tallest statue of Tito in the world (about {{convert|10|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}). It was designed by Antun Augustinčič and Vladimir Herljević.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/325-spomenik-josipu-brozu-titu-v-velenju |title=The Monument to Josip Broz Tito in Velenje |language=sl}}</ref> The square was once used as a meeting place of [[Nikita Khrushchev]] and [[Leonid Brezhnev]], as well as [[Edward Gierek]] and [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mladina.si/96317/titovtrg/ |title=The Bronze Giant |language=sl |date=January 7, 2003 |publisher=[[Mladina]]}}</ref> |
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[[ca:Velenje]] |
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[[cs:Velenje]] |
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==Geography== |
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[[da:Velenje]] |
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[[File:Velenje z zraka 2010.jpg|thumb|252x252px|The shoreline of [[Lake Velenje]]]] |
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[[de:Velenje]] |
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Velenje is located in northeast Slovenia, some 85 km from the capital [[Ljubljana]], and the country's second- and third-largest cities [[Maribor]] and [[Celje]], are 75 km and 25 km away, respectively, with [[Graz]] (Austria) around 130 km away. Velenje is well connected by train and bus to other destinations, and is also easy to reach by car.<ref>[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/4231 Official catalogue and tourist map]</ref> |
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[[es:Velenje]] |
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[[fr:Velenje]] |
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===Climate=== |
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[[ko:벨레녜]] |
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{{Weather box |
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[[id:Velenje]] |
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| location = Velenje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020) |
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[[it:Velenje]] |
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| metric first = Yes |
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[[nl:Velenje]] |
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| single line = Yes |
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[[ja:ヴェレニエ]] |
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| Jan record high C = 18.8 |
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[[pl:Velenje]] |
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| Feb record high C = 20.0 |
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[[pt:Velenje]] |
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| Mar record high C = 25.2 |
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[[ro:Velenje]] |
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| Apr record high C = 27.5 |
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[[ru:Веленье]] |
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| May record high C = 31.7 |
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[[sk:Velenje]] |
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| Jun record high C = 35.0 |
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[[sl:Velenje]] |
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| Jul record high C = 35.7 |
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[[sr:Велење]] |
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| Aug record high C = 38.5 |
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[[sh:Velenje]] |
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| Sep record high C = 31.5 |
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[[fi:Velenje]] |
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| Oct record high C = 25.7 |
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[[sv:Velenje]] |
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| Nov record high C = 22.6 |
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[[vo:Velenje]] |
|||
| Dec record high C = 18.9 |
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| year record high C = 38.5 |
|||
| Jan high C = 4.8 |
|||
| Feb high C = 7.0 |
|||
| Mar high C = 11.5 |
|||
| Apr high C = 16.3 |
|||
| May high C = 20.8 |
|||
| Jun high C = 24.5 |
|||
| Jul high C = 26.3 |
|||
| Aug high C = 26.1 |
|||
| Sep high C = 20.9 |
|||
| Oct high C = 15.9 |
|||
| Nov high C = 9.8 |
|||
| Dec high C = 5.1 |
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| year high C = 15.8 |
|||
| Jan mean C = 0.3 |
|||
| Feb mean C = 1.8 |
|||
| Mar mean C = 5.8 |
|||
| Apr mean C = 10.6 |
|||
| May mean C = 15.1 |
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| Jun mean C = 18.9 |
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| Jul mean C = 20.5 |
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| Aug mean C = 20.0 |
|||
| Sep mean C = 15.1 |
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| Oct mean C = 10.4 |
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| Nov mean C = 5.6 |
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| Dec mean C = 1.1 |
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| year mean C = 10.4 |
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| Jan low C = -2.9 |
|||
| Feb low C = -2.2 |
|||
| Mar low C = 1.1 |
|||
| Apr low C = 5.2 |
|||
| May low C = 9.6 |
|||
| Jun low C = 13.4 |
|||
| Jul low C = 15.1 |
|||
| Aug low C = 15.0 |
|||
| Sep low C = 10.8 |
|||
| Oct low C = 6.8 |
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| Nov low C = 2.7 |
|||
| Dec low C = -1.8 |
|||
| year low C = 6.1 |
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| Jan record low C = -22.1 |
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| Feb record low C = -20.7 |
|||
| Mar record low C = -20.2 |
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| Apr record low C = -5.7 |
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| May record low C = -3.3 |
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| Jun record low C = 1.1 |
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| Jul record low C = 4.7 |
|||
| Aug record low C = 5.0 |
|||
| Sep record low C = -0.5 |
|||
| Oct record low C = -5.7 |
|||
| Nov record low C = -12.7 |
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| Dec record low C = -19.7 |
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| year record low C = -22.1 |
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| precipitation colour = green |
|||
| Jan precipitation mm = 45 |
|||
| Feb precipitation mm = 55 |
|||
| Mar precipitation mm = 61 |
|||
| Apr precipitation mm = 72 |
|||
| May precipitation mm = 93 |
|||
| Jun precipitation mm = 123 |
|||
| Jul precipitation mm = 123 |
|||
| Aug precipitation mm = 116 |
|||
| Sep precipitation mm = 133 |
|||
| Oct precipitation mm = 112 |
|||
| Nov precipitation mm = 102 |
|||
| Dec precipitation mm = 75 |
|||
| year precipitation mm = 1108 |
|||
| Jan snow depth cm = 6 |
|||
| Feb snow depth cm = 6 |
|||
| Mar snow depth cm = 2 |
|||
| Apr snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| May snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Jun snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Jul snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Aug snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Sep snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Oct snow depth cm = 0 |
|||
| Nov snow depth cm = 1 |
|||
| Dec snow depth cm = 3 |
|||
| year snow depth cm = 1.4 |
|||
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
|||
| Jan precipitation days = 8 |
|||
| Feb precipitation days = 9 |
|||
| Mar precipitation days = 10 |
|||
| Apr precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| May precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Jun precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Jul precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Aug precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Sep precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Oct precipitation days = 11 |
|||
| Nov precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Dec precipitation days = 10 |
|||
| year precipitation days = 138 |
|||
| unit snow days = 0 cm |
|||
| Jan snow days = 11 |
|||
| Feb snow days = 11 |
|||
| Mar snow days = 4 |
|||
| Apr snow days = 1 |
|||
| May snow days = 0 |
|||
| Jun snow days = 0 |
|||
| Jul snow days = 0 |
|||
| Aug snow days = 0 |
|||
| Sep snow days = 0 |
|||
| Oct snow days = 0 |
|||
| Nov snow days = 3 |
|||
| Dec snow days = 8 |
|||
| year snow days = 39 |
|||
| time day = 14:00 |
|||
| Jan humidity = 64 |
|||
| Feb humidity = 57 |
|||
| Mar humidity = 55 |
|||
| Apr humidity = 53 |
|||
| May humidity = 52 |
|||
| Jun humidity = 54 |
|||
| Jul humidity = 53 |
|||
| Aug humidity = 54 |
|||
| Sep humidity = 58 |
|||
| Oct humidity = 62 |
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| Nov humidity = 66 |
|||
| Dec humidity = 69 |
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| year humidity = 58 |
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| source 1 = [[Slovenian Environment Agency]] (humidity and snow 1981–2010)<ref name = SEA>{{Cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231024152548/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/velenje/ |
|||
| archive-date = 24 October 2023 |
|||
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/velenje/ |
|||
| title = Velenje Podnebne statistike 1950-2020 |
|||
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency |
|||
| language = sl |
|||
| access-date = 24 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231024152729/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/velenje/climate-normals_81-10_Velenje_eng.pdf |
|||
| archive-date = 24 October 2023 |
|||
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/velenje/climate-normals_81-10_Velenje_eng.pdf |
|||
| title = Velenje Climate Normals 1981-2010 |
|||
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency |
|||
| access-date = 24 October 2023}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
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==Culture== |
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The Velenje Cultural Center, in the northwestern part of the square, was built in 1959 according to plans by Oton Gaspari, and opened in November 1960. Its façade was decorated with a relief by [[Stojan Batič]], and its interior by Riko Debenjak. The hall was the 1990s center of [[subculture]]s in Velenje. Today, it hosts the public institute Velenje Festival, which holds various cultural activities. The hall also houses a puppet theatre and a [[Concert dance|dance]] theatre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/324-dom-kulture-velenje |title=The Hall of Culture – Velenje |language=sl}}</ref> |
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==Economy and education== |
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Velenje is one of the strongest economic centers in Slovenia, equipped with modern [[infrastructure]]. Economic development is based on the energy, metal-processing, and construction industries. The only operating [[lignite]] mine in Slovenia is located immediately west of the city.<ref>"Slovenia." Euracoal. https://euracoal.eu/info/country-profiles/slovenia/#:~:text=Only%20one%20lignite%20deposit%20is,the%20nearby%20%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj%20power%20plant.</ref> Environmental protection, craft, and trade services have been experiencing solid development. The city has three large shopping centers. These include Hypermarket [[Mercator (retail)|Mercator]] Velenje, Velenjka, and Velenje Shopping Center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/367 |title=Shopping in Velenje |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2014-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013548/http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/367 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Velenje is an employment, administrative, and educational center of the wider Savinja–Šalek region. It has six primary schools, seven secondary/high schools, a university, and a [[music school]].<ref>[http://www.velenje.si/en/958 Education in Velenje]</ref> |
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==Transportation== |
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[[File:10.02.97 Velenje 814.033.jpg|thumb|Velenje train station in 1997]] |
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The drive from Ljubljana takes about one hour. Velenje's city center is relatively easily covered on foot, or by bicycle. Bicycles can be rented from the tourist office in Villa Bianca.<ref>[http://www.promet.si/portal/en/ Official traffic information centre]</ref> |
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There are up to 15 trains per day to Ljubljana and Maribor during the week, all of which require a transfer in Celje and take about 2 to 3 hours. Fares cost between €8 and €13 one-way. There are only four trains on Saturdays, and none on Sundays. Velenje's train station is located just west of the city centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ |title=Slovenian Railways |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2020-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525183900/https://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Velenje's bus station is on Šalek Street ({{langx|sl|Šaleška cesta}}), just east of the Mercator shopping center. There are frequent local and regional buses during the week, with up to five direct buses on weekdays to Ljubljana and up to 22 to Celje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ap-ljubljana.si/eng/ |title=Ljubljana bus transport |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2014-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421014251/http://www.ap-ljubljana.si/eng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Public city bus transport in Velenje is cost-free.<ref>[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/4236 Free public transport]</ref> |
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The nearest airport is [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport|Ljubljana Airport]],<ref>[http://www.lju-airport.si/en/ Ljubljana Airport website]</ref> with Graz, [[Klagenfurt]], and [[Zagreb]] airports relatively nearby. |
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==Sports== |
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Velenje holds the only {{convert|400|km|adj=on}} long [[Adventure racing|adventure race]] in Slovenia, called Adventure Race Slovenia, which is known across Europe and is held every weekend in June. It was first held in 2003 by the Lake Dragon Scout Group. |
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The [[handball]] club [[RK Gorenje Velenje]] and [[Association football|football]] club [[NK Rudar Velenje]] are based in Velenje. The city is the birthplace of [[Jolanda Čeplak]], a Slovenian [[Middle-distance running|middle distance]] athlete and Olympic bronze medalist. It is also the hometown of the Slovenian tennis player [[Katarina Srebotnik]]. |
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==Religion== |
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The [[parish church]] in Velenje dates to the 13th century with 16th- and 17th-century additions. It is dedicated to [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]], and belongs to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje]]. A significant portion of Velenje's populace today describe themselves as [[Atheism|atheists]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=OBC&st=6 |title=Population by religion, municipalities, Slovenia |year=2002}}</ref> |
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==Twin towns and sister cities== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}} |
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Velenje is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: |
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{{Colbegin|colwidth=30em}} |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Esslingen am Neckar]], Germany |
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*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Neath Port Talbot]], Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988|title=Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns|work=Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822042254/http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988|archive-date=2013-08-22}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatia|Split]], Croatia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|title=Split Twin Towns|language=hr}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Pljevlja]], Montenegro |
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*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udine]], Italy |
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{{Colend}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{Commons category-inline|Velenje}} |
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*[https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:775_x1681355.9515200262_y5838822.795831172_s14_b2345 Velenje on Geopedia] |
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*[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/ Official tourist guide to Velenje] |
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*[http://www.slovenia.info/?_ctg_kraji=2717&id_country=40 Travel guide to Velenje] |
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{{Velenje}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Velenje| ]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in the City Municipality of Velenje]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Styria (Slovenia)]] |
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[[Category:1959 establishments in Slovenia]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:39, 21 October 2024
Velenje | |
|---|---|
Town | |
Velenje from air St. Andrew's church and castle ruins Villa Herberstein Villa Bianca Fischer's tomb | |
.svg){kind=small} Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Velenje Location in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°21′45″N 15°06′52″E / 46.36250°N 15.11444°E | |
| Country |  Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Velenje |
| Settled | 1889 |
| Town privileges | 1951 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12.59 km2 (4.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 396 m (1,299 ft) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| • Total | 24,327 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
| Vehicle registration | CE |
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Velenje (pronounced [ʋɛˈlɛːnjɛ] ; German: Wöllan[2]) is the sixth-largest city of Slovenia, and the seat of the Municipality of Velenje. The city is located in the traditional Slovenian region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia), among the rolling green hills of the Šalek Valley, with the Kamnik–Savinja Alps to the west and the Pohorje Mountains to the east.
Name
[edit]
Velenje was first attested in written sources in 1264 as Weln (and as Welan in 1270, and Belen and Welen in 1296). The name derives from *Velen′e selo 'Velenъ's village'. A less likely hypothesis derives the name from the Slovene common noun velen(je) 'pasture for livestock'.[3] The name of the town was changed to Titovo Velenje (literally, 'Tito's Velenje') in 1981 in honor of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. The name Velenje was restored in 1990, just before the declaration of Slovenian independence in 1991.[4] In the past, the German name of the settlement was Wöllan.[2]
History
[edit]Mass grave
[edit]The Koželj Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Koželj) from the period immediately after World War II, is located in the Goll Woods (Gollova hosta) below Big Koželj Hill (Veliki Koželj) beside a tributary of Trubušnica Creek. It contains the remains of a truckload of Slovene civilian prisoners, including many Velenje natives, that were transported from the prisons in Celje and shot on June 15, 1945.[5][6][7][8] The site is marked by an official inventory sign[9] and a small concrete plaque.[10]
Modern history
[edit].jpg)
The 1889 Old Velenje (Slovene: Staro Velenje), the old part of today's city, was a small market town with 364 citizens, located downtown at the foot of Velenje Castle. The lignite mining industry in the area contributed to the expansion of the town before World War II.
After the war, Velenje rapidly advanced and developed into a modern city. The city was planned and built in the 1950s, in the time of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. The manufacturer of home appliances, Gorenje, moved its headquarters to the city from the nearby settlement of Gorenje.
The central Tito Square officially opened on September 20, 1959, and features the tallest statue of Tito in the world (about 10 m or 33 ft). It was designed by Antun Augustinčič and Vladimir Herljević.[11] The square was once used as a meeting place of Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, as well as Edward Gierek and Nicolae Ceaușescu.[12]
Geography
[edit]
Velenje is located in northeast Slovenia, some 85 km from the capital Ljubljana, and the country's second- and third-largest cities Maribor and Celje, are 75 km and 25 km away, respectively, with Graz (Austria) around 130 km away. Velenje is well connected by train and bus to other destinations, and is also easy to reach by car.[13]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Velenje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.1 (41.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.1 (−7.8) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−22.1 (−7.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) |
55 (2.2) |
61 (2.4) |
72 (2.8) |
93 (3.7) |
123 (4.8) |
123 (4.8) |
116 (4.6) |
133 (5.2) |
112 (4.4) |
102 (4.0) |
75 (3.0) |
1,108 (43.6) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 6 (2.4) |
6 (2.4) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
1.4 (0.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 138 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 11 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 39 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 64 | 57 | 55 | 53 | 52 | 54 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 62 | 66 | 69 | 58 |
| Source: Slovenian Environment Agency (humidity and snow 1981–2010)[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Culture
[edit]The Velenje Cultural Center, in the northwestern part of the square, was built in 1959 according to plans by Oton Gaspari, and opened in November 1960. Its façade was decorated with a relief by Stojan Batič, and its interior by Riko Debenjak. The hall was the 1990s center of subcultures in Velenje. Today, it hosts the public institute Velenje Festival, which holds various cultural activities. The hall also houses a puppet theatre and a dance theatre.[16]
Economy and education
[edit]Velenje is one of the strongest economic centers in Slovenia, equipped with modern infrastructure. Economic development is based on the energy, metal-processing, and construction industries. The only operating lignite mine in Slovenia is located immediately west of the city.[17] Environmental protection, craft, and trade services have been experiencing solid development. The city has three large shopping centers. These include Hypermarket Mercator Velenje, Velenjka, and Velenje Shopping Center.[18]
Velenje is an employment, administrative, and educational center of the wider Savinja–Šalek region. It has six primary schools, seven secondary/high schools, a university, and a music school.[19]
Transportation
[edit]
The drive from Ljubljana takes about one hour. Velenje's city center is relatively easily covered on foot, or by bicycle. Bicycles can be rented from the tourist office in Villa Bianca.[20]
There are up to 15 trains per day to Ljubljana and Maribor during the week, all of which require a transfer in Celje and take about 2 to 3 hours. Fares cost between €8 and €13 one-way. There are only four trains on Saturdays, and none on Sundays. Velenje's train station is located just west of the city centre.[21]
Velenje's bus station is on Šalek Street (Slovene: Šaleška cesta), just east of the Mercator shopping center. There are frequent local and regional buses during the week, with up to five direct buses on weekdays to Ljubljana and up to 22 to Celje.[22] Public city bus transport in Velenje is cost-free.[23]
The nearest airport is Ljubljana Airport,[24] with Graz, Klagenfurt, and Zagreb airports relatively nearby.
Sports
[edit]Velenje holds the only 400-kilometre (250 mi) long adventure race in Slovenia, called Adventure Race Slovenia, which is known across Europe and is held every weekend in June. It was first held in 2003 by the Lake Dragon Scout Group.
The handball club RK Gorenje Velenje and football club NK Rudar Velenje are based in Velenje. The city is the birthplace of Jolanda Čeplak, a Slovenian middle distance athlete and Olympic bronze medalist. It is also the hometown of the Slovenian tennis player Katarina Srebotnik.
Religion
[edit]The parish church in Velenje dates to the 13th century with 16th- and 17th-century additions. It is dedicated to Saint Martin, and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. A significant portion of Velenje's populace today describe themselves as atheists.[25]
Twin towns and sister cities
[edit]Velenje is twinned with:
Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
Neath Port Talbot, Wales[26]
Split, Croatia[27]
Pljevlja, Montenegro
Udine, Italy
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Naselje Velenje". Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.
- ^ Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 450–451.
- ^ Spremembe naselij 1948–95. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.
- ^ Ferenc, Mitja (December 2009). "Grobišče Koželj". Geopedia (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Dežman, Jože. 2009. Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.
- ^ Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2007. Informacija o urejanju prikritih grobišč. Ljubljana, p. 7.
- ^ Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2010. Terenske preiskave lokacij, kjer so evidentirana prikrita vojna grobišča v Republiki Sloveniji: Seznam lokacij, kjer se izvedejo terenske preiskave. Ljubljana, p. 32. (in Slovene)
- ^ Photo of inventory sign (no. 093) at the Koželj Mass Grave.
- ^ Photo of plaque at the Koželj Mass Grave.
- ^ "The Monument to Josip Broz Tito in Velenje" (in Slovenian).
- ^ "The Bronze Giant" (in Slovenian). Mladina. January 7, 2003.
- ^ Official catalogue and tourist map
- ^ "Velenje Podnebne statistike 1950-2020" (in Slovenian). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Velenje Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "The Hall of Culture – Velenje" (in Slovenian).
- ^ "Slovenia." Euracoal. https://euracoal.eu/info/country-profiles/slovenia/#:~:text=Only%20one%20lignite%20deposit%20is,the%20nearby%20%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj%20power%20plant.
- ^ "Shopping in Velenje". Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ Education in Velenje
- ^ Official traffic information centre
- ^ "Slovenian Railways". Archived from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "Ljubljana bus transport". Archived from the original on 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ Free public transport
- ^ Ljubljana Airport website
- ^ "Population by religion, municipalities, Slovenia". 2002.
- ^ "Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns". Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2013-08-22.
- ^ "Split Twin Towns" (in Croatian).
External links
[edit]
Media related to Velenje at Wikimedia Commons- Velenje on Geopedia
- Official tourist guide to Velenje
- Travel guide to Velenje
| Settlements | Administrative seat: Velenje
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