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| caption3 = In Thailand, priority seats are given to [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]]s, elderly persons, disabled persons, pregnant women, and children.
| caption3 = In Thailand, priority seats are given to [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]]s, elderly persons, disabled persons, pregnant women, and children.
}}
}}
'''Priority seats''' have been designated in [[public transport]] vehicles by certain transport operators to allow elderly, disabled, pregnant women and the injured to ride public transport with an equal degree of access and comfort as other people. Priority seats can be found on various public transportation, including the mass transit railways, buses, minibuses, and trams. The slogan "Please offer your seat to anyone in need" is often displayed beside the seat. The elderly, disabled, pregnant, and injured have priority to take these seats. In most cases, there is no regulation<ref name="govhk20140709">{{Cite web|title = 立法會五題：公共交通工具設置的優先座和無障礙設施|url = http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201407/09/P201407090675.htm|website = www.info.gov.hk|access-date = 2015-11-10}} (English version: [http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201407/09/P201407090695.htm LCQ5: Priority seats and barrier-free facilities provided by public transport modes])</ref> to restrict the use of priority seats, but people are expected to offer their seats to those in need.
'''Priority seats''' are [[train seat]]s that have been designated in [[public transport]] vehicles by certain transport operators to allow [[elderly]], [[disabled]], [[pregnant women]] and the [[injured]] to ride public transport with an equal degree of access and comfort as other people. Priority seats can be found on various public transportation, including the mass transit railways, buses, minibuses, and trams. The slogan "Please offer your seat to anyone in need" is often displayed beside the seat. The elderly, disabled, pregnant, and injured have priority to take these seats. In most cases, there is no regulation<ref name="govhk20140709">{{Cite web|title = 立法會五題：公共交通工具設置的優先座和無障礙設施|url = http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201407/09/P201407090675.htm|website = www.info.gov.hk|access-date = 2015-11-10}} (English version: [http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201407/09/P201407090695.htm LCQ5: Priority seats and barrier-free facilities provided by public transport modes])</ref> to restrict the use of priority seats, but people are expected to offer their seats to those in need.


==Background==
==Background==
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=== Australia ===
=== Australia ===
Priority seats on public transport are an aspect of [[Culture of Australia|Australian culture]]. It is expected in Australian culture for students with state-sponsored transport passes, who usually attend schools outside of their local area, to give up their seats to paying passengers, who are usually working adults, local residents, etc. It is considered polite to give up seats to the elderly, though many young people do not expressly follow this custom. In [[Melbourne]], passengers who do not concede their seats to standing passengers with special needs, when asked to do so, will be fined AUD $147.61.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nownews.com/news/20160912/2235880/|title=誰坐博愛座／台灣讓座文化變調？來看看各國怎麼做 {{!}} 生活|last=新聞|first=NOWnews|date=2016-09-12|website=NOWnews 今日新聞|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
Priority seats on public transport are an aspect of [[Culture of Australia|Australian culture]]. It is expected in Australian culture for students with state-sponsored transport passes, who usually attend schools outside of their local area, to give up their seats to paying passengers, who are usually working adults, local residents, etc. It is considered polite to give up seats to the elderly, though many young people do not expressly follow this custom. In [[Melbourne]], passengers who do not concede their seats to standing passengers with special needs, when asked to do so, will be fined AUD $147.61.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nownews.com/news/20160912/2235880/|title=誰坐博愛座／台灣讓座文化變調？來看看各國怎麼做 {{!}} 生活|last=新聞|first=NOWnews|date=2016-09-12|website=NOWnews 今日新聞|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>



=== Hong Kong===
=== Hong Kong===
In Hong Kong, Priority seats were first introduced in the MTR in 2009 with the "Priority Seats Campaign". The Smiley World Characters, large red stickers with big smiley faces, were stuck on the top of the priority seats so as to attract people’s attention.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Do Priority Seats Affect the Manner of Hong Kong People Offering Seats? - Essay by|url = http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Do-Priority-Seats-Affect-The-Manner-663535.html|website = www.antiessays.com|access-date = 2015-11-10}}</ref>
In Hong Kong, Priority seats were first introduced in the MTR in 2009 with the "Priority Seats Campaign". The Smiley World Characters, large red stickers with big smiley faces, were stuck on the top of the priority seats so as to attract people's attention.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Do Priority Seats Affect the Manner of Hong Kong People Offering Seats? - Essay by|url = http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Do-Priority-Seats-Affect-The-Manner-663535.html|website = www.antiessays.com|access-date = 2015-11-10}}</ref>


After the setup of priority seats in MTR, bus companies started to follow. Priority seats were introduced to the Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) in May 2011, and then followed by [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]] and [[New World First Bus]] (NWFB) in June 2012. In accordance with the press releases,<ref name=kmb20110428/> the KMB first introduced priority seats to 87 of their buses. In each bus, several priority seats were located at the front of the lower deck. The headrests of such seats are in green with words of "PRIORITY SEAT" and symbols of elderly, handicapped, pregnant women, and people with infants or young children to help passengers identify them. Advertisements were also broadcast in order to raise the awareness of passengers to offer seats. Receiving positive and supportive feedback after the 6-month trial, in the year 2012, the KMB decided to have priority seats set up in all of its buses and the headrests of such seats were changed into dark purple.
After the setup of priority seats in MTR, bus companies started to follow. Priority seats were introduced to the Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) in May 2011, and then followed by [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]] and [[New World First Bus]] (NWFB) in June 2012. In accordance with the press releases,<ref name=kmb20110428/> the KMB first introduced priority seats to 87 of their buses. In each bus, several priority seats were located at the front of the lower deck. The headrests of such seats are in green with words of "PRIORITY SEAT" and symbols of elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and people with infants or young children to help passengers identify them. Advertisements were also broadcast in order to raise the awareness of passengers to offer seats. Receiving positive and supportive feedback after the 6-month trial, in the year 2012, the KMB decided to have priority seats set up in all of its buses and the headrests of such seats were changed into dark purple.
According to press releases from the government,<ref name=govhk20140709/> for the minibus, priority seat is provided at the first single seat near the door. And for the tram, there are a few priority seats offered near the driver in the lower deck. Also, there is priority seating offered by the [[Cathay Pacific]] airline, for passengers with disabilities. But since other transportations such as taxi and ferry which usually do not allow standing, there are no specifically designated priority seats.
According to press releases from the government,<ref name=govhk20140709/> for the minibus, priority seat is provided at the first single seat near the door. And for the tram, there are a few priority seats offered near the driver in the lower deck. Also, there is priority seating offered by the [[Cathay Pacific]] airline, for passengers with disabilities. But since other transportations such as taxi and ferry which usually do not allow standing, there are no specifically designated priority seats.



=== South Korea ===
=== South Korea ===
[[Culture of Korea|Korean culture]] strongly recommends reserving seats for the elderly. Even if the entire car is overcrowded, the elder seat will be empty. [[Seoul Metropolitan Government]] announced that it will apply new design for pregnant women at [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul Subway]] lines 2 and 5. Seoul Metropolitan Government expects that the change could allow passengers to yield their seats to pregnant women more easily.
[[Culture of Korea|Korean culture]] strongly recommends reserving seats for the elderly. Even if the entire car is overcrowded, the elder seat will be empty. [[Seoul Metropolitan Government]] announced that it will apply new design for pregnant women at [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul Subway]] lines 2 and 5. Seoul Metropolitan Government expects that the change could allow passengers to yield their seats to pregnant women more easily.


In order to help people recognize that the seat is for the pregnant women, the seat will change its color into pink from the back of the seat with a note that says ‘This is the seat for a future protagonist’ written on the bottom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-subway-apply-new-seat-design-pregnant-women/|title=Seoul subway to apply new seat design for pregnant women -|date=2015-08-25|website=서울시 영문|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
In order to help people recognize that the seat is for the pregnant women, the seat will change its color into pink from the back of the seat with a note that says 'This is the seat for a future protagonist' written on the bottom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-subway-apply-new-seat-design-pregnant-women/|title=Seoul subway to apply new seat design for pregnant women -|date=2015-08-25|website=서울시 영문|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>


=== Taiwan ===
=== Taiwan ===
[[File:TW 台灣 Taiwan 台北 Taipei Metro 淡水線 Tamsui line 中正區 Zhongzheng District MRT transport tour August 2018 SSG 09.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Priority seats in Taipei Metro Tamsui Line EMU 20190811.jpg|thumb]]
In Taiwan, priority seats are installed on public transportation. Some banks, airports, or hospital elevators will also mark the icons that are given priority to the elderly and the weak women and children, and have signs to that effect. Taiwanese children are also taught to give up priority seats.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://play.nownews.com/archives/32856|title=誰坐博愛座／博愛座的由來？ 讓座是台灣文化的驕傲|website=旅食樂|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> A '''Yield the seat'''' culture is deeply rooted, and even become a reflex action.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/106870|title=「年輕人的善意，讓我想去台灣旅遊！」讓座文化紅到日本，老先生都投書說讚-風傳媒|last=Storm.mg|date=2016-04-22|website=www.storm.mg|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
In Taiwan, priority seats are installed on public transportation. Some banks, airports, or hospital elevators will also mark the icons that are given priority to the elderly and the weak women and children, and have signs to that effect. Taiwanese children are also taught to give up priority seats.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://play.nownews.com/archives/32856|title=誰坐博愛座／博愛座的由來？ 讓座是台灣文化的驕傲|website=旅食樂|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> A '''Yield the seat'''' culture is deeply rooted, and even become a reflex action.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/106870|title=「年輕人的善意，讓我想去台灣旅遊！」讓座文化紅到日本，老先生都投書說讚-風傳媒|last=Storm.mg|date=2016-04-22|website=www.storm.mg|language=zh-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>


The priority seat system in Taiwan originated in the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] in the late 1940s or early 1950s. At that time, there were many consecutive accidents in which elderly people boarded a bus and accidentally fell. Therefore, the [[Taipei City Government]] began to plan to set up a priority seat on the bus. On major transportation vehicles, it is provided for those with mobility difficulties or needs.<ref name=":0" />
The priority seat system in Taiwan originated in the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] in the late 1940s or early 1950s. At that time, there were many consecutive accidents in which elderly people boarded a bus and accidentally fell. Therefore, the [[Taipei City Government]] began to plan to set up a priority seat on the bus. On major transportation vehicles, it is provided for those with mobility difficulties or needs.<ref name=":0" />


In the 2010s, the media have reported on disputes and controversies about priority seats, leading everyone to choose to stand, as no one was willing to sit on the priority seat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mook.com.tw/article.php?op=articleinfo&articleid=20341|title=誰說不能坐！從博愛座看台灣V.S.六國讓座文化|website=MOOK景點家 - 墨刻出版 華文最大旅遊資訊平台|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> With the popularization of [[Smartphone|smartphones]] and [[social platforms]], "[[Social justice warrior|social justice warriors]]" have sometimes tried to [[Doxing|dox]] the passengers sitting in priority seats, uncovering their identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=274758|title=影／超霸氣反擊「道德綁架」！網友：看完覺得通體舒暢 {{!}} 生活 {{!}} 三立新聞網 SETN.COM|last=三立新聞網|date=2017-07-20|website=www.setn.com|language=zh-Hant-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
In the 2010s, the media have reported on disputes and controversies about priority seats, leading everyone to choose to stand, as no one was willing to sit on the priority seat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mook.com.tw/article.php?op=articleinfo&articleid=20341|title=誰說不能坐！從博愛座看台灣V.S.六國讓座文化|website=MOOK景點家 - 墨刻出版 華文最大旅遊資訊平台|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> With the popularization of [[smartphone]]s and [[social platforms]], "[[social justice warrior]]s" have sometimes tried to [[Doxing|dox]] the passengers sitting in priority seats, uncovering their identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=274758|title=影／超霸氣反擊「道德綁架」！網友：看完覺得通體舒暢 {{!}} 生活 {{!}} 三立新聞網 SETN.COM|last=三立新聞網|date=2017-07-20|website=www.setn.com|language=zh-Hant-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>


=== United Kingdom ===
=== United States ===
In the state of New York the transit authority is legally required to post signs reminding people to get up for elderly, pregnant, and disabled passengers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-31|title=NY State Assembly Bill A182A|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/a182/amendment/a|access-date=2021-02-24|website=NY State Senate|language=en}}</ref> It is customary for people to get up for elderly, pregnant, and disabled passengers throughout the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hymon|first=Steve|date=2011-03-10|title=Would you give up your seat for a pregnant woman?|url=https://thesource.metro.net/2011/03/10/would-you-give-up-your-seat-for-a-pregnant-woman/|access-date=2021-02-24|website=The Source|language=en-US}}</ref>
In [[Culture of the United Kingdom|British culture]], leaving the seat to the people who need it most can fully interpret their [[yield the seat culture]]. It is completely normal for elderly people in the UK to give seats to students and youth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201703110018.aspx|title=特派專欄 英國想讓就讓真正的博愛座精神 {{!}} 國際 {{!}} 重點新聞 {{!}} 中央社 CNA|website=www.cna.com.tw|language=zh-Hant-TW|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>


==Controversies and disputes==
==Controversies and disputes==
The issue of who can sit on priority seats has become contentious in Taiwan and Hong Kong, in which those who don't yield priority seats has often been seen as moral decay.<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=吳清基 |author2=徐藝華 |title=等我們有能力時 |url=https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/15625818-201010-201403100039-201403100039-27-31 |journal=師友月刊 |date=2010-10-01 |issue=520 |pages=27–31 |doi=10.6437/EM.201010.0027 |quote=也引發網友議論與權伐聲浪不已。大部分的人認為「年輕人越來越白我，公德心越來越少！」還有人厲批不讓座的人「是眼睛瞎了嗎？」但說來說去，最後又多指向我們的「教育失敗了」！ }}</ref><ref name="chang-2012">{{Cite journal |author=張智琦 |title=酒駕、安全與自由：論交通的生命政治 |url=https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/P20140505001-201208-201405050010-201405050010-132-138 |journal=文化研究月報 |date=2012-08-25 |issue=131 |pages=132–138 |doi=10.7012/CSM.201208.0132 |quote=也許全世界沒有一個國家像台灣一樣，將「不讓座」這件事視為重大的偏差行為。近年，凡只要在公車或捷運上發生有人不讓位給老弱婦孺的現象，往往會激起其他乘客、新聞媒體及網友的公憤，然後藉著人肉搜索、集體公審的規訓暴力，逼迫未讓位者出面道歉}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Cheng |first=Yu Ling |year=2015 |title=實施《弟子規》教學對國小四年級學童品德表現影響之行動研究 |hdl=11296/fk3j45 |trans-title=An Action Research on The Influence of Moral Performances for Grade Four Students in The Elementary School by Implementing Di Zi Gui Instruction |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/fk3j45 |degree= |access-date= |quote=公車上讓座給老人、關懷獨居老人等，這都是敬老的表現，但近年來也有許多受到社會輿論的新聞，例如：年輕人霸佔博愛座不讓位(今日新聞網，2014)、安養院爆發虐待老人事件(華視新聞網，2011)等，也說明了國人對老年人的敬重和照護仍有待加強}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=胡燕青|title=從關愛座說起 |website=明報月刊|url=https://mingpaomonthly.com/article/details/%E5%BF%83%E7%94%B0%E9%9B%86/2021-08/1627454997016/%E5%BE%9E%E9%97%9C%E6%84%9B%E5%BA%A7%E8%AA%AA%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%88%E8%83%A1%E7%87%95%E9%9D%92%EF%BC%89|trans-website=mingpaomonthly.com|access-date=2024-06-18 |quote=對平日總在栽培着一點點義憤的香港人來說，更重要的問題是：「誰不該坐—而他／她竟然坐在那兒？羞！」心裏頭的怒氣一時對焦了，暗暗激動、沾沾自「爽」。}}</ref> There's a risk of people facing moral criticism, being scolded, or even [[cyberbullying|cyberbullied]] (such as uploading scenes of occupying priority seats to social networking websites) if others believe that the person sitting on priority seats does not need it.<ref name="chang-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|title = 顏詩麗：讓座並非義務，也可以很優雅──台灣與日本的讓座文化 - 獨立評論@天下 - 天下雜誌|url = http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/311/article/2469|website = 獨立評論@天下：最混亂的時代 最清明的聲音 - 天下雜誌|access-date = 2015-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=TSENG |first=CHING-FANG |year=2020 |title=博愛做不做？繪本創作 |hdl=11296/4bw2jm |trans-title=A creative picture book: Should we go in for philanthropy? |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4bw2jm |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=世代矛盾升溫 關愛座成導火線|author=蘇墁鈺|author2=董銘偕|url=https://ubeat.com.cuhk.edu.hk/126_elderly/|website=《大學線》|date=2016-11-30|language=zh-TW|access-date=2024-06-18 |quote=一個約60歲的婆婆走到那年輕人前面，雖沒有要求讓座，卻面露不悅的眈視著他，身旁的人亦頓時開口斥責，那個年輕人最後在群眾壓力下被迫讓座。}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Tsai |first=Yu-Ting |year=2021 |title=涉及政治立場／或集體認同的網路互動探討 |hdl=11296/ufptj9 |trans-title=An Analysis on the Interaction of the Political Stance/or Collective Identity on Gossiping Forum in Ptt |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ufptj9 |access-date= |quote=隨著思想的演進、教育的宣導，許多民眾自行延伸其解讀，過度放大檢視使用博愛座的乘客、未讓座乘客是否符合「老、弱、婦、孺」等標籤，若不符合其主觀意識便隨意拍照評論，甚至上傳至社群媒體，公開肉搜與撻伐}}</ref> As a result, many people are reluctant to sit on priority seats, even when the train is full. It is common to see empty priority seats on a full train in Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=CHEN |first=PEI-SHAN |year=2019 |title=理性與利己－論蘭德客觀主義倫理學 |hdl=11296/4x4nze |trans-title=Reason and Self-interest－The Objectivist Ethics of Ayn Rand |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4x4nze |access-date= |quote=在韓國，空的博愛座年輕人也不能坐……是給老人家的位置，就是必須「空」出來，即便沒有人坐也是一樣要空出來。}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Chang |first=Hui-Ju |year=2015 |title=從康德的自律道德論道德與法律的分際 |hdl=11296/3a3t59 |trans-title=A Discussion about the Difference between Law and Morals based on the Kant's Autonomous Morality |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3a3t59 |access-date= |quote=媒體的推波助瀾，還有網路的批評、謾罵，導致很多人不敢坐博愛座，明明公車上非常擁擠，8 個博愛座卻是空著沒人坐，也曾發生公車司機急停，導致站著的乘客跌倒受傷的情形}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=胡燕青|title=從關愛座說起 |website=明報月刊|url=https://mingpaomonthly.com/article/details/%E5%BF%83%E7%94%B0%E9%9B%86/2021-08/1627454997016/%E5%BE%9E%E9%97%9C%E6%84%9B%E5%BA%A7%E8%AA%AA%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%88%E8%83%A1%E7%87%95%E9%9D%92%EF%BC%89|trans-website=mingpaomonthly.com|access-date=2024-06-18 |quote=如今這兩個座位紅彤彤濕漉漉的好像新鮮的豬肝那樣放在那裏，好像要警告站着的、強壯的乘客—看你敢不敢冒着全人類的不屑一屁股坐下去—於是關愛座很多時白白空着，沒有人坐，挑戰着人的面子、膽量和驕傲。}}</ref>


Options to address the issue are divided into Taiwan and Hong Kong. The most common solutions proposed are mandating the offer of seats,<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Chang |first=Hui-Ju |year=2015 |title=從康德的自律道德論道德與法律的分際 |hdl=11296/3a3t59 |trans-title=A Discussion about the Difference between Law and Morals based on the Kant's Autonomous Morality |language=zh-Hant-TW |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3a3t59 |access-date= |quote=本文的研究動機是來自近年來博愛座是否立法的爭議。主張立法者認為運用立法與罰則，可以減少霸佔博愛座的現象}}</ref><ref name="join-2016">{{Cite web|title=廢除各項公共運輸工具上博愛座之設置- 提點子 -公共政策網路參與平臺|url=https://join.gov.tw/idea/detail/894a37d8-18d5-4112-8b88-73ba23b32325|website=join.gov.tw|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref><ref name=govhk20140709/> publicising proper practices,<ref name="cna-2024">{{Cite web|title=博愛座紛擾不斷 北捷：法規限制無法單方面取消|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202406180362.aspx|website=中央社 CNA|date=2024-06-18|language=zh-Hant-TW|last=中央通訊社|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> or abolishing priority seats.<ref name="join-2016" /><ref name="cna-2024" /> In Hong Kong, [[Michael Tien]] suggests mandating the offer of seats to people in need by law just like in some cities in the United States, Canada and Australia. However, the HKSAR government prefers to promote such an act by advocating a culture of courtesy rather than through legal means.<ref name=govhk20140709/> In Taiwan, a petition to abolish priority seats was submitted in 2016, forcing the Taiwan government to respond. The government stated that priority seats are based on the "People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act" that cannot be easily abolished, but promised to publicise proper practices of using priority seats.<ref name="join-2016" /><ref name="cna-2024" />
{{Refimprove section|date=January 2019}}
{{Weasel|section|date=January 2019}}

There are two major controversies regarding priority seats. First of all, people{{Who|date=January 2019}} think that only people in need can sit on the priority seats. Even if the train is full, priority seats are still left empty. This situation is common in Taiwan and Hong Kong.<ref name="apple20170118">{{Cite news |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20170118/19900615 |title=怕網絡公審　 73%中學生不坐關愛座 |trans-title=Afraid of cyber-trials, 73% of secondary school students do not sit on priority seats |work=Apple Daily | location=Hong Kong | date=2017-01-18 |language=zh}}</ref> People, especially young people,{{Who|date=January 2019}} are not willing to sit on the train as they are afraid of being morally criticized, scolded<ref>{{Cite web|title = 顏詩麗：讓座並非義務，也可以很優雅──台灣與日本的讓座文化 - 獨立評論@天下 - 天下雜誌|url = http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/311/article/2469|website = 獨立評論@天下：最混亂的時代 最清明的聲音 - 天下雜誌|access-date = 2015-11-10}}</ref> or even [[cyberbullying|cyberbullied]] (like uploading their scenes of occupying priority seats to social networking websites which is sometimes not the truth). However, the priority seats are first-come-first-served. Priority seats are designed to promote the culture of offering seats to the needy. If there are no needy on the public transport, people are free to sit on the priority seats.

Also, many passengers{{Who|date=January 2019}} currently have little awareness of offering seats to people in need. They pretend not to notice other passengers in greater need for a seat. This situation is more common in China. People seated on priority seats refuse to move for people in greater need for a seat (the issue of cyberbullying mentioned in the previous paragraph is common due to such refusal). Some{{Who|date=January 2019}} suggest mandating the offer of seats to people in need by law just like some cities in the United States, Canada and Australia. But according to press release published by HKSAR government,<ref name=govhk20140709/> the government would like to promote such an act through the advocacy of a culture of courtesy rather than through legal means.


==Other related information==
==Other related information==
Line 66: Line 60:


==Legislation==
==Legislation==
In some jurisdictions, priority seating is mandated by legislation. The [[Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005]] in Ontario, Canada stipulates that all transport providers must provision "clearly marked courtesy seating for persons with disabilities [...] located as close as practicable to the entrance door of the vehicle".<ref>{{cite web|title=O. Reg. 191/11: Integrated Accessibility Standards|url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/110191|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario}}</ref>
In some jurisdictions, priority seating is mandated by legislation. The [[Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005]] in Ontario, Canada stipulates that all transport providers must provision "clearly marked courtesy seating for persons with disabilities [...] located as close as practicable to the entrance door of the vehicle".<ref>{{cite web|title=O. Reg. 191/11: Integrated Accessibility Standards|date=24 July 2014 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/110191|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 75: Line 69:


[[Category:Rapid transit]]
[[Category:Rapid transit]]
[[Category:MTR]]
[[Category:Accessible transportation]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 30 October 2024

In Japan, the priority seat often has depictions of four common types of people that the seats are reserved for: elderly, physically disabled/injured, pregnant women, and adults carrying infants
A sign in Taiwan indicating that priority seats are for elderly, pregnant, disabled, and baby-holding passengers.
In Thailand, priority seats are given to Buddhist monks, elderly persons, disabled persons, pregnant women, and children.

Priority seats are train seats that have been designated in public transport vehicles by certain transport operators to allow elderly, disabled, pregnant women and the injured to ride public transport with an equal degree of access and comfort as other people. Priority seats can be found on various public transportation, including the mass transit railways, buses, minibuses, and trams. The slogan "Please offer your seat to anyone in need" is often displayed beside the seat. The elderly, disabled, pregnant, and injured have priority to take these seats. In most cases, there is no regulation[1] to restrict the use of priority seats, but people are expected to offer their seats to those in need.

Background

[edit]

Under the principle of "Barrier Free Environment", the idea of "priority seats" was first introduced in northern Europe .[2] Providing unimpeded, effortless access and ideal living environment to all people is the final goal. Over the past centuries, the idea of priority seats spread to Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan and Korea. These three are the most significant examples, owing to their cultural emphasis on politeness that teaches the younger generation to offer seats to the elderly. Failing to do so would be regarded as disrespectful. Countries such as Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and China have similar traditions. In addition, railways in some countries – for instance the Southern[3] and Great Northern routes[4] in England – allow qualifying passengers to apply for and obtain priority seat cards which they can show to fellow passengers to prove their eligibility.

Objectives

[edit]

Priority seats motivate people to offer seats to people with special need. Taking the initiative to give seats to them can prevent them from accidents when travelling on public transports. According to the Press Release[5] of The Kowloon Motor Bus in 2011, priority seats are designed to provide people with special need a safe and enjoyable journey. Such passengers, including the elderly and people with mobility obstacles, may face special inconvenience and difficulties during travelling. Introducing priority seats encourages individuals to bear the social responsibility of caring for others in need. According to the Press Release[5] of The Kowloon Motor Bus in 2011, promotion of priority seats aims to enhance the awareness of offering seats to the people with special need so as to cultivate a culture of care. The motion encourages people to be sensitive about other people's needs and take actions of empathy and altruism.

In different localities

[edit]

The "yield the seat culture" has been around for many years in various countries in the world, but different countries have great relations because of their nationality, education policy, and public order.

Australia

[edit]

Priority seats on public transport are an aspect of Australian culture. It is expected in Australian culture for students with state-sponsored transport passes, who usually attend schools outside of their local area, to give up their seats to paying passengers, who are usually working adults, local residents, etc. It is considered polite to give up seats to the elderly, though many young people do not expressly follow this custom. In Melbourne, passengers who do not concede their seats to standing passengers with special needs, when asked to do so, will be fined AUD $147.61.[6]

Hong Kong

[edit]

In Hong Kong, Priority seats were first introduced in the MTR in 2009 with the "Priority Seats Campaign". The Smiley World Characters, large red stickers with big smiley faces, were stuck on the top of the priority seats so as to attract people's attention.[7]

After the setup of priority seats in MTR, bus companies started to follow. Priority seats were introduced to the Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) in May 2011, and then followed by Citybus and New World First Bus (NWFB) in June 2012. In accordance with the press releases,[5] the KMB first introduced priority seats to 87 of their buses. In each bus, several priority seats were located at the front of the lower deck. The headrests of such seats are in green with words of "PRIORITY SEAT" and symbols of elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and people with infants or young children to help passengers identify them. Advertisements were also broadcast in order to raise the awareness of passengers to offer seats. Receiving positive and supportive feedback after the 6-month trial, in the year 2012, the KMB decided to have priority seats set up in all of its buses and the headrests of such seats were changed into dark purple.

According to press releases from the government,[1] for the minibus, priority seat is provided at the first single seat near the door. And for the tram, there are a few priority seats offered near the driver in the lower deck. Also, there is priority seating offered by the Cathay Pacific airline, for passengers with disabilities. But since other transportations such as taxi and ferry which usually do not allow standing, there are no specifically designated priority seats.

South Korea

[edit]

Korean culture strongly recommends reserving seats for the elderly. Even if the entire car is overcrowded, the elder seat will be empty. Seoul Metropolitan Government announced that it will apply new design for pregnant women at Seoul Subway lines 2 and 5. Seoul Metropolitan Government expects that the change could allow passengers to yield their seats to pregnant women more easily.

In order to help people recognize that the seat is for the pregnant women, the seat will change its color into pink from the back of the seat with a note that says 'This is the seat for a future protagonist' written on the bottom.[8]

Taiwan

[edit]

In Taiwan, priority seats are installed on public transportation. Some banks, airports, or hospital elevators will also mark the icons that are given priority to the elderly and the weak women and children, and have signs to that effect. Taiwanese children are also taught to give up priority seats.[9] A Yield the seat' culture is deeply rooted, and even become a reflex action.[10]

The priority seat system in Taiwan originated in the Republic of China in the late 1940s or early 1950s. At that time, there were many consecutive accidents in which elderly people boarded a bus and accidentally fell. Therefore, the Taipei City Government began to plan to set up a priority seat on the bus. On major transportation vehicles, it is provided for those with mobility difficulties or needs.[9]

In the 2010s, the media have reported on disputes and controversies about priority seats, leading everyone to choose to stand, as no one was willing to sit on the priority seat.[11] With the popularization of smartphones and social platforms, "social justice warriors" have sometimes tried to dox the passengers sitting in priority seats, uncovering their identity.[12]

United States

[edit]

In the state of New York the transit authority is legally required to post signs reminding people to get up for elderly, pregnant, and disabled passengers.[13] It is customary for people to get up for elderly, pregnant, and disabled passengers throughout the United States.[14]

Controversies and disputes

[edit]

The issue of who can sit on priority seats has become contentious in Taiwan and Hong Kong, in which those who don't yield priority seats has often been seen as moral decay.[15][16][17][18] There's a risk of people facing moral criticism, being scolded, or even cyberbullied (such as uploading scenes of occupying priority seats to social networking websites) if others believe that the person sitting on priority seats does not need it.[16][19][20][21][22] As a result, many people are reluctant to sit on priority seats, even when the train is full. It is common to see empty priority seats on a full train in Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan.[23][24][25]

Options to address the issue are divided into Taiwan and Hong Kong. The most common solutions proposed are mandating the offer of seats,[26][27][1] publicising proper practices,[28] or abolishing priority seats.[27][28] In Hong Kong, Michael Tien suggests mandating the offer of seats to people in need by law just like in some cities in the United States, Canada and Australia. However, the HKSAR government prefers to promote such an act by advocating a culture of courtesy rather than through legal means.[1] In Taiwan, a petition to abolish priority seats was submitted in 2016, forcing the Taiwan government to respond. The government stated that priority seats are based on the "People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act" that cannot be easily abolished, but promised to publicise proper practices of using priority seats.[27][28]

[edit]

Some disabilities are more unfamiliar and uneasily recognized. The Toronto Transit Commission reminds everyone of the possibility that people who refuse to offer their seat may have a hidden disability that is either not likely to be recognized or a disability that is uncomfortable to discuss in public.[29]

Legislation

[edit]

In some jurisdictions, priority seating is mandated by legislation. The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 in Ontario, Canada stipulates that all transport providers must provision "clearly marked courtesy seating for persons with disabilities [...] located as close as practicable to the entrance door of the vehicle".[30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "立法會五題：公共交通工具設置的優先座和無障礙設施". www.info.gov.hk. Retrieved 10 November 2015. (English version: LCQ5: Priority seats and barrier-free facilities provided by public transport modes)
  2. ^ Li, Y.Q.; Chen Y.J. (2012). "探討民眾對博愛座的認知與了解". 博愛座不坐.
  3. ^ "Priority Seat Card". Govia Thameslink Railway Ltd. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  4. ^ "National Rail Enquiries - Priority Card - Great Northern and Thameslink". www.nationalrail.co.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd 九龍巴士(一九三三)". www.kmb.hk. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  6. ^ 新聞, NOWnews (12 September 2016). "誰坐博愛座／台灣讓座文化變調？來看看各國怎麼做 | 生活". NOWnews 今日新聞 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  7. ^ "Do Priority Seats Affect the Manner of Hong Kong People Offering Seats? - Essay by". www.antiessays.com. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  8. ^ "Seoul subway to apply new seat design for pregnant women -". 서울시 영문. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  9. ^ a b "誰坐博愛座／博愛座的由來？ 讓座是台灣文化的驕傲". 旅食樂 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  10. ^ Storm.mg (22 April 2016). "「年輕人的善意，讓我想去台灣旅遊！」讓座文化紅到日本，老先生都投書說讚-風傳媒". www.storm.mg (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  11. ^ "誰說不能坐！從博愛座看台灣V.S.六國讓座文化". MOOK景點家 - 墨刻出版 華文最大旅遊資訊平台. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  12. ^ 三立新聞網 (20 July 2017). "影／超霸氣反擊「道德綁架」！網友：看完覺得通體舒暢 | 生活 | 三立新聞網 SETN.COM". www.setn.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  13. ^ "NY State Assembly Bill A182A". NY State Senate. 31 May 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  14. ^ Hymon, Steve (10 March 2011). "Would you give up your seat for a pregnant woman?". The Source. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  15. ^ 吳清基; 徐藝華 (1 October 2010). "等我們有能力時". 師友月刊 (520): 27–31. doi:10.6437/EM.201010.0027. 也引發網友議論與權伐聲浪不已。大部分的人認為「年輕人越來越白我，公德心越來越少！」還有人厲批不讓座的人「是眼睛瞎了嗎？」但說來說去，最後又多指向我們的「教育失敗了」！
  16. ^ a b 張智琦 (25 August 2012). "酒駕、安全與自由：論交通的生命政治". 文化研究月報 (131): 132–138. doi:10.7012/CSM.201208.0132. 也許全世界沒有一個國家像台灣一樣，將「不讓座」這件事視為重大的偏差行為。近年，凡只要在公車或捷運上發生有人不讓位給老弱婦孺的現象，往往會激起其他乘客、新聞媒體及網友的公憤，然後藉著人肉搜索、集體公審的規訓暴力，逼迫未讓位者出面道歉
  17. ^ Cheng, Yu Ling (2015). 實施《弟子規》教學對國小四年級學童品德表現影響之行動研究 [An Action Research on The Influence of Moral Performances for Grade Four Students in The Elementary School by Implementing Di Zi Gui Instruction] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/fk3j45. 公車上讓座給老人、關懷獨居老人等，這都是敬老的表現，但近年來也有許多受到社會輿論的新聞，例如：年輕人霸佔博愛座不讓位(今日新聞網，2014)、安養院爆發虐待老人事件(華視新聞網，2011)等，也說明了國人對老年人的敬重和照護仍有待加強
  18. ^ 胡燕青. "從關愛座說起". 明報月刊 [mingpaomonthly.com]. Retrieved 18 June 2024. 對平日總在栽培着一點點義憤的香港人來說，更重要的問題是：「誰不該坐—而他／她竟然坐在那兒？羞！」心裏頭的怒氣一時對焦了，暗暗激動、沾沾自「爽」。
  19. ^ "顏詩麗：讓座並非義務，也可以很優雅──台灣與日本的讓座文化 - 獨立評論@天下 - 天下雜誌". 獨立評論@天下：最混亂的時代 最清明的聲音 - 天下雜誌. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  20. ^ TSENG, CHING-FANG (2020). 博愛做不做？繪本創作 [A creative picture book: Should we go in for philanthropy?] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/4bw2jm.
  21. ^ 蘇墁鈺; 董銘偕 (30 November 2016). "世代矛盾升溫 關愛座成導火線". 《大學線》 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 18 June 2024. 一個約60歲的婆婆走到那年輕人前面，雖沒有要求讓座，卻面露不悅的眈視著他，身旁的人亦頓時開口斥責，那個年輕人最後在群眾壓力下被迫讓座。
  22. ^ Tsai, Yu-Ting (2021). 涉及政治立場／或集體認同的網路互動探討 [An Analysis on the Interaction of the Political Stance/or Collective Identity on Gossiping Forum in Ptt] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/ufptj9. 隨著思想的演進、教育的宣導，許多民眾自行延伸其解讀，過度放大檢視使用博愛座的乘客、未讓座乘客是否符合「老、弱、婦、孺」等標籤，若不符合其主觀意識便隨意拍照評論，甚至上傳至社群媒體，公開肉搜與撻伐
  23. ^ CHEN, PEI-SHAN (2019). 理性與利己－論蘭德客觀主義倫理學 [Reason and Self-interest－The Objectivist Ethics of Ayn Rand] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/4x4nze. 在韓國，空的博愛座年輕人也不能坐……是給老人家的位置，就是必須「空」出來，即便沒有人坐也是一樣要空出來。
  24. ^ Chang, Hui-Ju (2015). 從康德的自律道德論道德與法律的分際 [A Discussion about the Difference between Law and Morals based on the Kant's Autonomous Morality] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/3a3t59. 媒體的推波助瀾，還有網路的批評、謾罵，導致很多人不敢坐博愛座，明明公車上非常擁擠，8 個博愛座卻是空著沒人坐，也曾發生公車司機急停，導致站著的乘客跌倒受傷的情形
  25. ^ 胡燕青. "從關愛座說起". 明報月刊 [mingpaomonthly.com]. Retrieved 18 June 2024. 如今這兩個座位紅彤彤濕漉漉的好像新鮮的豬肝那樣放在那裏，好像要警告站着的、強壯的乘客—看你敢不敢冒着全人類的不屑一屁股坐下去—於是關愛座很多時白白空着，沒有人坐，挑戰着人的面子、膽量和驕傲。
  26. ^ Chang, Hui-Ju (2015). 從康德的自律道德論道德與法律的分際 [A Discussion about the Difference between Law and Morals based on the Kant's Autonomous Morality] (Thesis) (in Chinese). hdl:11296/3a3t59. 本文的研究動機是來自近年來博愛座是否立法的爭議。主張立法者認為運用立法與罰則，可以減少霸佔博愛座的現象
  27. ^ a b c "廢除各項公共運輸工具上博愛座之設置- 提點子 -公共政策網路參與平臺". join.gov.tw (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  28. ^ a b c 中央通訊社 (18 June 2024). "博愛座紛擾不斷 北捷：法規限制無法單方面取消". 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  29. ^ "Priority Seating". Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  30. ^ "O. Reg. 191/11: Integrated Accessibility Standards". Queen's Printer for Ontario. 24 July 2014.
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