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{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Cardinalfishes
| name = Cardinalfishes
| image = Pterapogon kauderni.jpg
| image = Pterapogon kauderni.jpg
| image_caption = [[Pterapogon kauderni]]
| image_caption = [[Banggai cardinalfish]] (''Pterapogon kauderni'')
| taxon = Apogonidae
| taxon = Apogonidae
| authority = [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1859
| authority = [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1859
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamily
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamily
| subdivision =
| subdivision = * [[Pseudaminae]]
* [[Pseudaminae]]
* [[Apogoninae]]
* [[Apogoninae]]
}}
}}


'''Cardinalfishes''' are a family, '''Apogonidae''', of [[ray-finned fish]]es found in the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]], and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some [[species]] are found in [[brackish water]] and a few (notably ''[[Glossamia]]'') are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in the [[aquarium]] and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.
'''Cardinalfishes''' are a family, '''Apogonidae''', of [[ray-finned fish]]es found in the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]], and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some [[species]] are found in [[brackish water]] and a few (notably ''[[Glossamia]]'') are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in [[aquarium]]s and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.


They are generally small fish, with most species being less than {{convert|10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the [[dorsal fin]] into two separate fins. Most species live in [[tropical]] or [[subtropical]] waters, where they inhabit [[coral reef]]s and [[lagoon]]s.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author1=Johnson, G.D. |author2=Gill, A.C.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|isbn= 0-12-547665-5|page= 183}}</ref>
They are generally small fish, with most species being less than {{convert|10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the [[dorsal fin]] into two separate fins. Most species live in [[tropical]] or [[subtropical]] waters, where they inhabit [[coral reef]]s and [[lagoon]]s.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author1=Johnson, G.D. |author2=Gill, A.C.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|isbn= 0-12-547665-5|page= 183}}</ref>
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** ''[[Pseudamia]]'' <small> Bleeker, 1865</small>
** ''[[Pseudamia]]'' <small> Bleeker, 1865</small>
** ''[[Pseudamiops]]'' <small>J. L. B. Smith, 1954</small>
** ''[[Pseudamiops]]'' <small>J. L. B. Smith, 1954</small>

==Timeline==

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from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene]]
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene]]
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene]]
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene]]
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[[Plio.]]
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from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]]
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from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene]]
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[[Plio.]]
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bar:era
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]]
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from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]

</timeline>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Apogonidae| ]]
[[Category:Apogonidae| ]]
[[Category:Kurtiformes]]
[[Category:Percomorpha families]]
[[Category:Marine fish families]]
[[Category:Marine fish families]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]

Latest revision as of 16:48, 24 October 2024

Cardinalfishes
Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Kurtiformes
Family: Apogonidae
Günther, 1859
Subfamily

Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.[1]

They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males.[1] Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.[2]

Further information: List of fish species that protect their young

Classification

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The fifth edition of Fishes of the World recognises only two subfamilies of the Apogonidae:[3]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apogonidae.
  1. ^ a b Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  2. ^ Hoey, A., Bellwood, D., & Barnett, A. (2012). To feed or to breed: Morphological constraints of mouthbrooding in coral reef cardinalfishes. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 279(1737), 2426-2432.
  3. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 752. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  4. ^ Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T.H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014): Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2): 151–203.
  5. ^ Fraser, T.H. & Prokofiev, A.M. (2016): A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not? Zootaxa, 4144 (2): 227–242.
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