Velenje: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| official_name = Velenje |
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| other_name = |
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| other_name = Titovo Velenje (1981–1990) <!-- Belongs in the history section, not up here. --> |
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| native_name |
| native_name = |
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| nickname = |
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| settlement_type = Town |
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| native_name_lang = sl |
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| motto = |
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| settlement_type = City |
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| image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| border = infobox |
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| perrow = 1/2/2 |
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| total_width = 280 |
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| align = center |
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| caption_align = center |
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| image1 = Panorama Velenja 2010.jpg |
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| caption1 = <small>Velenje from air</small> |
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| image2 = Velenje cerkev Sv Andreja EŠD 3428 (8).jpg |
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| caption2 = <small>St. Andrew's church and castle ruins</small> |
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| image3 = Velenje Vila Herberstein EŠD 4323 (3).jpg |
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| caption3 = <small>Villa Herberstein</small> |
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| image4 = Velenje Vila Bianca EŠD 4324 (3).jpg |
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| caption4 = <small>Villa Bianca</small> |
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| image5 = Velenje Fischerjeva grobnica EŠD 4367 (1).jpg |
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| pushpin_map = Slovenia |
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| caption5 = <small>Fischer's tomb</small> |
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| pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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| image6 = Velenjski grad poleti.jpg |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| caption6 = <small>[[Velenje Castle]]</small> |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Slovenia]] |
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}} |
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| coordinates = {{coord|46|21|45|N|15|06|52|E|region:SI_type:city|display=inline,title}} |
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| image_flag = Flag of Velenje (vertical).svg |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
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| flag_size = |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| image_seal = |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| seal_size = |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Slovenia}} |
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| image_shield = |
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|subdivision_type1 = Traditional region |
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Coat of arms of Velenje.svg |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Styria|Styria]] |
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| shield_size = |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]] |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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|subdivision_name2 = [[Savinja Statistical Region|Savinja]] |
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| blank_emblem_type = |
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|subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]] |
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| blank_emblem_size = |
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|subdivision_name3 = [[Municipality of Velenje|Velenje]] |
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| image_map = |
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| established_title = Settled |
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| mapsize = |
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| established_date = 1889 |
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| map_caption = |
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| established_title1 = [[Town privileges]] |
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| image_map1 = |
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| established_date1 = 1959 |
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| mapsize1 = |
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| founder = |
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| map_caption1 = |
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| seat_type = |
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| image_dot_map = |
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| seat = |
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| dot_mapsize = |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| dot_map_caption = |
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| leader_party = [[Social Democrats (Slovenia)|SD]] |
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| dot_x = |
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| leader_title = [[Mayor]] |
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| dot_y = | |
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| leader_name = Bojan Kontič |
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| pushpin_map = Slovenia |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="statsiname">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.si/eng/krajevnaimena/default.asp?txtIme=VELENJE&selNacin=celo&selTip=naselja&ID=4911 |title=Velenje, Velenje |year=2013 |publisher=[[Statistical Office of Slovenia]]}}</ref> |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Slovenia |
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| area_urban_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| area_rural_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_name = {{flagicon image|Flag of Slovenia.svg}} [[Slovenia]] |
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| area_metro_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type1 = Traditional region |
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| area_magnitude = |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Styria|Styria]] |
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| area_note = |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]] |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Savinja Statistical Region|Savinja]] |
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| area_rank = |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]] |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[City Municipality of Velenje|Velenje]] |
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| area_blank2_title = |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| area_total_km2 = 12.6 |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| leader_name = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| leader_name1 = |
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| area_rural_km2 = |
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| leader_title2 = |
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| area_metro_km2 = |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| leader_title3 = |
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| area_blank2_km2 = |
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| leader_name3 = |
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| length_km = |
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| leader_title4 = |
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| width_km = |
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| leader_name4 = |
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| dimensions_footnotes = |
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| established_title = Settled |
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| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/2002/01_02/01-06-02.asp?jezik=en |title=Height above sea level of seats of municipalities |language=Slovenian, English |year=2002 |publisher=[[Statistical Office of Slovenia]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524220943/http://www.stat.si/letopis/2002/01_02/01-06-02.asp?jezik=en |archivedate=2013-05-24 |df= }}</ref> |
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| established_date = 1889 |
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| elevation_m = 400 |
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| established_title2 = [[Town privileges]] |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="statsiname"/> |
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| established_date2 = 1951 |
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| population_rank = [[List of cities and towns in Slovenia|5th]] |
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| established_title3 = |
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| population_total = 25,333 |
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| established_date3 = |
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| population_as_of = 2013 |
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| area_magnitude = |
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| population_density_km2 = 2,012 |
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| unit_pref = |
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| population_demonym = |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="SURS">{{cite web |title=Naselje Velenje |url=https://www.stat.si/KrajevnaImena/Settlements/Details/4911 |website=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> |
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| population_note = |
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| area_total_km2 = 12.59 |
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| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| utc_offset1 = +01:00 |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| area_total_sq_mi = |
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| utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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| postal_code = 3320 |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_code = 03 (+386 3 from abroad) |
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| area_urban_sq_mi = |
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| iso_code = |
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| area_metro_km2 = |
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| blank_name = [[Google Maps]] |
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| area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| blank_info = [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Velenje,+Slovenia Velenje, Slovenia] |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.velenje.si/en/}} |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| footnotes = |
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| area_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| population_as_of = 2019 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="SURS"/> |
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| population_note = |
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| population_total = 24327 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_density_sq_mi = |
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| population_metro = |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_urban = |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_blank2_title = Religions |
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| population_blank2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| timezone = |
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| utc_offset = |
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| timezone_DST = |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|46|21|45|N|15|06|52|E|region:SI|display=inline,title}} |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 396 |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| postal_code_type = |
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| postal_code = |
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| area_code = |
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| registration_plate = CE |
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| blank_name = |
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| blank_info = |
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| blank1_name = |
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| blank1_info = |
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| website = |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Velenje''' ({{IPA-sl|ʋɛˈlɛːnjɛ|pron|Sl-Velenje.oga}}; {{lang-de|Wöllan}}<ref name="Leksikon">''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.</ref>) is [[Slovenia]]'s fifth-largest city, and the [[seat of local government|seat]] of the Municipality of Velenje. The city is located in northeastern Slovenia, among the rolling green hills of the [[Šalek Valley]], with the [[Kamnik–Savinja Alps]] to the west and the [[Pohorje|Pohorje Mountains]] to the east. |
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'''Velenje''' ({{IPA|sl|ʋɛˈlɛːnjɛ|pron|Sl-Velenje.oga}}; {{langx|de|Wöllan}}<ref name="Leksikon">''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.</ref>) is the sixth-largest city of [[Slovenia]], and the [[seat of local government|seat]] of the [[City Municipality of Velenje|Municipality of Velenje]]. The city is located in the traditional Slovenian region of [[Styria (Slovenia)|Styria]] (northeastern Slovenia), among the rolling green hills of the [[Šalek Valley]], with the [[Kamnik–Savinja Alps]] to the west and the [[Pohorje|Pohorje Mountains]] to the east. |
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==History== |
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==Name== |
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[[File:1874ca 5kr Wöllan Velenje Slovenia.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The name ''Wöllan'' was used on this Austro-Hungarian 1874 [[Cancellation (mail)|cancellation]]]] |
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Velenje was first attested in written sources in 1264 as ''Weln'' (and as ''Welan'' in 1270, and ''Belen'' and ''Welen'' in 1296). The name derives from *''Velen′e selo'' 'Velenъ's village'. A less likely hypothesis derives the name from the Slovene common noun ''velen(je)'' 'pasture for livestock'.<ref>Snoj, Marko. 2009. ''Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen''. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 450–451.</ref> The name of the town was changed to ''Titovo Velenje'' (literally, 'Tito's Velenje') in 1981 in honor of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] leader [[Josip Broz Tito]]. The name ''Velenje'' was restored in 1990, just before the declaration of Slovenian independence in 1991.<ref>''Spremembe naselij 1948–95''. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.</ref> In the past, the German name of the settlement was Wöllan.<ref name="Leksikon"/> |
Velenje was first attested in written sources in 1264 as ''Weln'' (and as ''Welan'' in 1270, and ''Belen'' and ''Welen'' in 1296). The name derives from *''Velen′e selo'' 'Velenъ's village'. A less likely hypothesis derives the name from the Slovene common noun ''velen(je)'' 'pasture for livestock'.<ref>Snoj, Marko. 2009. ''Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen''. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 450–451.</ref> The name of the town was changed to ''Titovo Velenje'' (literally, 'Tito's Velenje') in 1981 in honor of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] leader [[Josip Broz Tito]]. The name ''Velenje'' was restored in 1990, just before the declaration of Slovenian independence in 1991.<ref>''Spremembe naselij 1948–95''. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.</ref> In the past, the German name of the settlement was Wöllan.<ref name="Leksikon"/> |
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==History== |
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===Mass grave=== |
===Mass grave=== |
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<!-- linked from redirect [[Koželj Mass Grave]] --> |
<!-- linked from redirect [[Koželj Mass Grave]] --> |
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The Koželj [[Mass graves in Slovenia|Mass Grave]] ({{ |
The Koželj [[Mass graves in Slovenia|Mass Grave]] ({{langx|sl|Grobišče Koželj}}) from the period immediately after World War II, is located in the Goll Woods ({{lang|sl|Gollova hosta}}) below Big Koželj Hill ({{lang|sl|Veliki Koželj}}) beside a tributary of Trubušnica Creek. It contains the remains of a truckload of Slovene civilian prisoners, including many Velenje natives, that were transported from the prisons in [[Celje]] and shot on June 15, 1945.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferenc |first1=Mitja |title=Grobišče Koželj |url=https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2534:485_x1683524.0226102418_y5836853.227524362_s15_b2345 |website=Geopedia |publisher=Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve |access-date=November 20, 2023 |location=Ljubljana |language=sl |date=December 2009}}</ref><ref>Dežman, Jože. 2009. ''Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008''. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.</ref><ref>Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2007. ''Informacija o urejanju prikritih grobišč.'' Ljubljana, p. 7.</ref><ref>[http://www.mddsz.gov.si/fileadmin/mddsz.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti__pdf/09042010_prilogaSonda%C5%BEa.pdf Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2010. ''Terenske preiskave lokacij, kjer so evidentirana prikrita vojna grobišča v Republiki Sloveniji: Seznam lokacij, kjer se izvedejo terenske preiskave.'' Ljubljana, p. 32.] {{in lang|sl}}</ref> The site is marked by an official inventory sign<ref>[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/38618585 Photo of inventory sign (no. 093) at the Koželj Mass Grave.]</ref> and a small concrete plaque.<ref>[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/17633221 Photo of plaque at the Koželj Mass Grave.]</ref> |
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===Modern history=== |
===Modern history=== |
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[[File:Rudarsko naselje Velenje 1960 (3).jpg |
[[File:Rudarsko naselje Velenje 1960 (3).jpg|thumb|Newly built quarter of Velenje in 1960]] |
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The 1889 Old Velenje ({{ |
The 1889 Old Velenje ({{langx|sl|Staro Velenje}}), the old part of today's city, was a small market town with 364 citizens, located downtown at the foot of [[Velenje Castle]]. The [[lignite]] mining industry in the area contributed to the expansion of the town before [[World War II]]. |
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After the war, Velenje rapidly advanced and developed into a modern city. The city was [[Planned community|planned]] and built in the 1950s, in the time of the [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]]. The manufacturer of [[home appliance]]s, [[Gorenje]], moved its headquarters to the city from the nearby settlement of [[Gorenje, Šmartno ob Paki|Gorenje]]. |
After the war, Velenje rapidly advanced and developed into a modern city. The city was [[Planned community|planned]] and built in the 1950s, in the time of the [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]]. The manufacturer of [[home appliance]]s, [[Gorenje]], moved its headquarters to the city from the nearby settlement of [[Gorenje, Šmartno ob Paki|Gorenje]]. |
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The central Tito Square officially opened on September 20, 1959, and features the tallest statue of Tito in the world (about {{convert|10|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}). It was designed by Antun Augustinčič and Vladimir Herljević.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/325-spomenik-josipu-brozu-titu-v-velenju |title=The Monument to Josip Broz Tito in Velenje |language= |
The central Tito Square officially opened on September 20, 1959, and features the tallest statue of Tito in the world (about {{convert|10|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}). It was designed by Antun Augustinčič and Vladimir Herljević.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/325-spomenik-josipu-brozu-titu-v-velenju |title=The Monument to Josip Broz Tito in Velenje |language=sl}}</ref> The square was once used as a meeting place of [[Nikita Khrushchev]] and [[Leonid Brezhnev]], as well as [[Edward Gierek]] and [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mladina.si/96317/titovtrg/ |title=The Bronze Giant |language=sl |date=January 7, 2003 |publisher=[[Mladina]]}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:Velenje z zraka 2010.jpg|thumb|252x252px|The shoreline of [[Lake Velenje]]]] |
[[File:Velenje z zraka 2010.jpg|thumb|252x252px|The shoreline of [[Lake Velenje]]]] |
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Velenje is located in northeast Slovenia, some 85 km from the capital [[Ljubljana]], and the country's second- and third-largest cities [[Maribor]] and [[Celje]], are 75 km and 25 km away, respectively, with [[Graz]] (Austria) around 130 km away. Velenje is well connected by train and bus to other destinations, and is also easy to reach by car.<ref>[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/4231 Official catalogue and tourist map]</ref> |
Velenje is located in northeast Slovenia, some 85 km from the capital [[Ljubljana]], and the country's second- and third-largest cities [[Maribor]] and [[Celje]], are 75 km and 25 km away, respectively, with [[Graz]] (Austria) around 130 km away. Velenje is well connected by train and bus to other destinations, and is also easy to reach by car.<ref>[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/4231 Official catalogue and tourist map]</ref> |
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===Climate=== |
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{{Weather box |
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| location = Velenje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020) |
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| metric first = Yes |
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| single line = Yes |
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| Jan record high C = 18.8 |
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| Feb record high C = 20.0 |
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| Mar record high C = 25.2 |
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| Apr record high C = 27.5 |
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| May record high C = 31.7 |
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| Jun record high C = 35.0 |
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| Jul record high C = 35.7 |
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| Aug record high C = 38.5 |
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| Sep record high C = 31.5 |
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| Oct record high C = 25.7 |
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| Nov record high C = 22.6 |
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| Dec record high C = 18.9 |
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| year record high C = 38.5 |
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| Jan high C = 4.8 |
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| Feb high C = 7.0 |
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| Mar high C = 11.5 |
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| Apr high C = 16.3 |
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| May high C = 20.8 |
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| Jun high C = 24.5 |
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| Jul high C = 26.3 |
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| Aug high C = 26.1 |
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| Sep high C = 20.9 |
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| Oct high C = 15.9 |
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| Nov high C = 9.8 |
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| Dec high C = 5.1 |
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| year high C = 15.8 |
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| Jan mean C = 0.3 |
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| Feb mean C = 1.8 |
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| Mar mean C = 5.8 |
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| Apr mean C = 10.6 |
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| May mean C = 15.1 |
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| Jun mean C = 18.9 |
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| Jul mean C = 20.5 |
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| Aug mean C = 20.0 |
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| Sep mean C = 15.1 |
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| Oct mean C = 10.4 |
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| Nov mean C = 5.6 |
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| Dec mean C = 1.1 |
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| year mean C = 10.4 |
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| Jan low C = -2.9 |
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| Feb low C = -2.2 |
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| Mar low C = 1.1 |
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| Apr low C = 5.2 |
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| May low C = 9.6 |
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| Jun low C = 13.4 |
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| Jul low C = 15.1 |
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| Aug low C = 15.0 |
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| Sep low C = 10.8 |
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| Oct low C = 6.8 |
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| Nov low C = 2.7 |
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| Dec low C = -1.8 |
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| year low C = 6.1 |
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| Jan record low C = -22.1 |
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| Feb record low C = -20.7 |
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| Mar record low C = -20.2 |
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| Apr record low C = -5.7 |
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| May record low C = -3.3 |
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| Jun record low C = 1.1 |
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| Jul record low C = 4.7 |
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| Aug record low C = 5.0 |
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| Sep record low C = -0.5 |
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| Oct record low C = -5.7 |
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| Nov record low C = -12.7 |
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| Dec record low C = -19.7 |
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| year record low C = -22.1 |
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| precipitation colour = green |
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| Jan precipitation mm = 45 |
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| Feb precipitation mm = 55 |
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| Mar precipitation mm = 61 |
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| Apr precipitation mm = 72 |
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| May precipitation mm = 93 |
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| Jun precipitation mm = 123 |
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| Jul precipitation mm = 123 |
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| Aug precipitation mm = 116 |
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| Sep precipitation mm = 133 |
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| Oct precipitation mm = 112 |
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| Nov precipitation mm = 102 |
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| Dec precipitation mm = 75 |
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| year precipitation mm = 1108 |
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| Jan snow depth cm = 6 |
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| Feb snow depth cm = 6 |
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| Mar snow depth cm = 2 |
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| Apr snow depth cm = 0 |
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| May snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Jun snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Jul snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Aug snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Sep snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Oct snow depth cm = 0 |
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| Nov snow depth cm = 1 |
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| Dec snow depth cm = 3 |
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| year snow depth cm = 1.4 |
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| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
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| Jan precipitation days = 8 |
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| Feb precipitation days = 9 |
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| Mar precipitation days = 10 |
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| Apr precipitation days = 12 |
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| May precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Jun precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Jul precipitation days = 14 |
|||
| Aug precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Sep precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Oct precipitation days = 11 |
|||
| Nov precipitation days = 12 |
|||
| Dec precipitation days = 10 |
|||
| year precipitation days = 138 |
|||
| unit snow days = 0 cm |
|||
| Jan snow days = 11 |
|||
| Feb snow days = 11 |
|||
| Mar snow days = 4 |
|||
| Apr snow days = 1 |
|||
| May snow days = 0 |
|||
| Jun snow days = 0 |
|||
| Jul snow days = 0 |
|||
| Aug snow days = 0 |
|||
| Sep snow days = 0 |
|||
| Oct snow days = 0 |
|||
| Nov snow days = 3 |
|||
| Dec snow days = 8 |
|||
| year snow days = 39 |
|||
| time day = 14:00 |
|||
| Jan humidity = 64 |
|||
| Feb humidity = 57 |
|||
| Mar humidity = 55 |
|||
| Apr humidity = 53 |
|||
| May humidity = 52 |
|||
| Jun humidity = 54 |
|||
| Jul humidity = 53 |
|||
| Aug humidity = 54 |
|||
| Sep humidity = 58 |
|||
| Oct humidity = 62 |
|||
| Nov humidity = 66 |
|||
| Dec humidity = 69 |
|||
| year humidity = 58 |
|||
| source 1 = [[Slovenian Environment Agency]] (humidity and snow 1981–2010)<ref name = SEA>{{Cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231024152548/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/velenje/ |
|||
| archive-date = 24 October 2023 |
|||
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/velenje/ |
|||
| title = Velenje Podnebne statistike 1950-2020 |
|||
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency |
|||
| language = sl |
|||
| access-date = 24 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231024152729/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/velenje/climate-normals_81-10_Velenje_eng.pdf |
|||
| archive-date = 24 October 2023 |
|||
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/velenje/climate-normals_81-10_Velenje_eng.pdf |
|||
| title = Velenje Climate Normals 1981-2010 |
|||
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency |
|||
| access-date = 24 October 2023}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==Culture== |
==Culture== |
||
The Velenje Cultural Center, in the northwestern part of the square, was built in 1959 according to plans by Oton Gaspari, and opened in November 1960. Its façade was decorated with a relief by [[Stojan Batič]], and its interior by Riko Debenjak. The hall was the 1990s center of [[subculture]]s in Velenje. Today, it hosts the public institute Velenje Festival, which holds various cultural activities. The hall also houses a puppet theatre and a [[Concert dance|dance]] theatre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/324-dom-kulture-velenje |title=The Hall of Culture – Velenje |language= |
The Velenje Cultural Center, in the northwestern part of the square, was built in 1959 according to plans by Oton Gaspari, and opened in November 1960. Its façade was decorated with a relief by [[Stojan Batič]], and its interior by Riko Debenjak. The hall was the 1990s center of [[subculture]]s in Velenje. Today, it hosts the public institute Velenje Festival, which holds various cultural activities. The hall also houses a puppet theatre and a [[Concert dance|dance]] theatre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/324-dom-kulture-velenje |title=The Hall of Culture – Velenje |language=sl}}</ref> |
||
==Economy and education== |
==Economy and education== |
||
Velenje is one of the strongest economic centers in Slovenia, equipped with modern [[infrastructure]]. Economic development is based on the energy, metal-processing, and construction industries. Environmental protection, craft, and trade services have been experiencing solid development. The city has three large shopping centers. These include Hypermarket [[Mercator (retail)|Mercator]] Velenje, Velenjka, and Velenje Shopping Center.<ref> |
Velenje is one of the strongest economic centers in Slovenia, equipped with modern [[infrastructure]]. Economic development is based on the energy, metal-processing, and construction industries. The only operating [[lignite]] mine in Slovenia is located immediately west of the city.<ref>"Slovenia." Euracoal. https://euracoal.eu/info/country-profiles/slovenia/#:~:text=Only%20one%20lignite%20deposit%20is,the%20nearby%20%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj%20power%20plant.</ref> Environmental protection, craft, and trade services have been experiencing solid development. The city has three large shopping centers. These include Hypermarket [[Mercator (retail)|Mercator]] Velenje, Velenjka, and Velenje Shopping Center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/367 |title=Shopping in Velenje |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2014-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013548/http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/367 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
Velenje is an employment, administrative, and educational center of the wider Savinja–Šalek region. It has six primary schools, seven secondary/high schools, a university, and a [[music school]].<ref>[http://www.velenje.si/en/958 Education in Velenje]</ref> |
Velenje is an employment, administrative, and educational center of the wider Savinja–Šalek region. It has six primary schools, seven secondary/high schools, a university, and a [[music school]].<ref>[http://www.velenje.si/en/958 Education in Velenje]</ref> |
||
==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
||
[[File:10.02.97 Velenje 814.033.jpg|thumb|Velenje train station in 1997 |
[[File:10.02.97 Velenje 814.033.jpg|thumb|Velenje train station in 1997]] |
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The drive from Ljubljana takes about one hour. Velenje's city center is relatively easily covered on foot, or by bicycle. Bicycles can be rented from the tourist office in Villa Bianca.<ref>[http://www.promet.si/portal/en/ Official traffic information centre]</ref> |
|||
There are up to 15 trains per day to Ljubljana and Maribor during the week, all of which require a transfer in Celje and take about 2 to 3 hours. Fares cost between €8 and €13 one-way. There are only four trains on Saturdays, and none on Sundays. Velenje's train station is located just west of the city centre.<ref> |
There are up to 15 trains per day to Ljubljana and Maribor during the week, all of which require a transfer in Celje and take about 2 to 3 hours. Fares cost between €8 and €13 one-way. There are only four trains on Saturdays, and none on Sundays. Velenje's train station is located just west of the city centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ |title=Slovenian Railways |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2020-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525183900/https://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
Velenje's bus station is on Šalek Street ({{ |
Velenje's bus station is on Šalek Street ({{langx|sl|Šaleška cesta}}), just east of the Mercator shopping center. There are frequent local and regional buses during the week, with up to five direct buses on weekdays to Ljubljana and up to 22 to Celje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ap-ljubljana.si/eng/ |title=Ljubljana bus transport |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2014-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421014251/http://www.ap-ljubljana.si/eng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Public city bus transport in Velenje is cost-free.<ref>[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/4236 Free public transport]</ref> |
||
The nearest airport is [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport|Ljubljana Airport]],<ref>[http://www.lju-airport.si/en/ Ljubljana Airport website]</ref> with Graz, [[Klagenfurt]], and [[Zagreb]] airports relatively nearby. |
The nearest airport is [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport|Ljubljana Airport]],<ref>[http://www.lju-airport.si/en/ Ljubljana Airport website]</ref> with Graz, [[Klagenfurt]], and [[Zagreb]] airports relatively nearby. |
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{{Colbegin|colwidth=30em}} |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Esslingen am Neckar]], Germany |
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Esslingen am Neckar]], Germany |
||
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Neath Port Talbot]], Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988|title=Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns|work=Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council| |
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Neath Port Talbot]], Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988|title=Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns|work=Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822042254/http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988|archive-date=2013-08-22}}</ref> |
||
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatia|Split]], Croatia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|title=Split Twin Towns|language= |
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatia|Split]], Croatia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|title=Split Twin Towns|language=hr}}</ref> |
||
*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Pljevlja]], Montenegro |
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*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udine]], Italy |
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udine]], Italy |
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{{Colend}} |
{{Colend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Velenje}} |
*{{Commons category-inline|Velenje}} |
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*[https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:775_x1681355.9515200262_y5838822.795831172_s14_b2345 Velenje on Geopedia] |
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*[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/ Official tourist guide to Velenje] |
*[http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/ Official tourist guide to Velenje] |
||
*[http://www.slovenia.info/?_ctg_kraji=2717&id_country=40 Travel guide to Velenje] |
*[http://www.slovenia.info/?_ctg_kraji=2717&id_country=40 Travel guide to Velenje] |
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Latest revision as of 16:39, 21 October 2024
Velenje | |
|---|---|
Town | |
Velenje from air St. Andrew's church and castle ruins Villa Herberstein Villa Bianca Fischer's tomb | |
.svg){kind=small} Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Velenje Location in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°21′45″N 15°06′52″E / 46.36250°N 15.11444°E | |
| Country |  Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Velenje |
| Settled | 1889 |
| Town privileges | 1951 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12.59 km2 (4.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 396 m (1,299 ft) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| • Total | 24,327 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
| Vehicle registration | CE |
.jpg)
.jpg)
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.jpg)
Velenje (pronounced [ʋɛˈlɛːnjɛ] ; German: Wöllan[2]) is the sixth-largest city of Slovenia, and the seat of the Municipality of Velenje. The city is located in the traditional Slovenian region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia), among the rolling green hills of the Šalek Valley, with the Kamnik–Savinja Alps to the west and the Pohorje Mountains to the east.
Name
[edit]
Velenje was first attested in written sources in 1264 as Weln (and as Welan in 1270, and Belen and Welen in 1296). The name derives from *Velen′e selo 'Velenъ's village'. A less likely hypothesis derives the name from the Slovene common noun velen(je) 'pasture for livestock'.[3] The name of the town was changed to Titovo Velenje (literally, 'Tito's Velenje') in 1981 in honor of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. The name Velenje was restored in 1990, just before the declaration of Slovenian independence in 1991.[4] In the past, the German name of the settlement was Wöllan.[2]
History
[edit]Mass grave
[edit]The Koželj Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Koželj) from the period immediately after World War II, is located in the Goll Woods (Gollova hosta) below Big Koželj Hill (Veliki Koželj) beside a tributary of Trubušnica Creek. It contains the remains of a truckload of Slovene civilian prisoners, including many Velenje natives, that were transported from the prisons in Celje and shot on June 15, 1945.[5][6][7][8] The site is marked by an official inventory sign[9] and a small concrete plaque.[10]
Modern history
[edit].jpg)
The 1889 Old Velenje (Slovene: Staro Velenje), the old part of today's city, was a small market town with 364 citizens, located downtown at the foot of Velenje Castle. The lignite mining industry in the area contributed to the expansion of the town before World War II.
After the war, Velenje rapidly advanced and developed into a modern city. The city was planned and built in the 1950s, in the time of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. The manufacturer of home appliances, Gorenje, moved its headquarters to the city from the nearby settlement of Gorenje.
The central Tito Square officially opened on September 20, 1959, and features the tallest statue of Tito in the world (about 10 m or 33 ft). It was designed by Antun Augustinčič and Vladimir Herljević.[11] The square was once used as a meeting place of Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, as well as Edward Gierek and Nicolae Ceaușescu.[12]
Geography
[edit]
Velenje is located in northeast Slovenia, some 85 km from the capital Ljubljana, and the country's second- and third-largest cities Maribor and Celje, are 75 km and 25 km away, respectively, with Graz (Austria) around 130 km away. Velenje is well connected by train and bus to other destinations, and is also easy to reach by car.[13]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Velenje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.1 (41.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.1 (−7.8) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−22.1 (−7.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) |
55 (2.2) |
61 (2.4) |
72 (2.8) |
93 (3.7) |
123 (4.8) |
123 (4.8) |
116 (4.6) |
133 (5.2) |
112 (4.4) |
102 (4.0) |
75 (3.0) |
1,108 (43.6) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 6 (2.4) |
6 (2.4) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
1.4 (0.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 138 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 11 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 39 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 64 | 57 | 55 | 53 | 52 | 54 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 62 | 66 | 69 | 58 |
| Source: Slovenian Environment Agency (humidity and snow 1981–2010)[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Culture
[edit]The Velenje Cultural Center, in the northwestern part of the square, was built in 1959 according to plans by Oton Gaspari, and opened in November 1960. Its façade was decorated with a relief by Stojan Batič, and its interior by Riko Debenjak. The hall was the 1990s center of subcultures in Velenje. Today, it hosts the public institute Velenje Festival, which holds various cultural activities. The hall also houses a puppet theatre and a dance theatre.[16]
Economy and education
[edit]Velenje is one of the strongest economic centers in Slovenia, equipped with modern infrastructure. Economic development is based on the energy, metal-processing, and construction industries. The only operating lignite mine in Slovenia is located immediately west of the city.[17] Environmental protection, craft, and trade services have been experiencing solid development. The city has three large shopping centers. These include Hypermarket Mercator Velenje, Velenjka, and Velenje Shopping Center.[18]
Velenje is an employment, administrative, and educational center of the wider Savinja–Šalek region. It has six primary schools, seven secondary/high schools, a university, and a music school.[19]
Transportation
[edit]
The drive from Ljubljana takes about one hour. Velenje's city center is relatively easily covered on foot, or by bicycle. Bicycles can be rented from the tourist office in Villa Bianca.[20]
There are up to 15 trains per day to Ljubljana and Maribor during the week, all of which require a transfer in Celje and take about 2 to 3 hours. Fares cost between €8 and €13 one-way. There are only four trains on Saturdays, and none on Sundays. Velenje's train station is located just west of the city centre.[21]
Velenje's bus station is on Šalek Street (Slovene: Šaleška cesta), just east of the Mercator shopping center. There are frequent local and regional buses during the week, with up to five direct buses on weekdays to Ljubljana and up to 22 to Celje.[22] Public city bus transport in Velenje is cost-free.[23]
The nearest airport is Ljubljana Airport,[24] with Graz, Klagenfurt, and Zagreb airports relatively nearby.
Sports
[edit]Velenje holds the only 400-kilometre (250 mi) long adventure race in Slovenia, called Adventure Race Slovenia, which is known across Europe and is held every weekend in June. It was first held in 2003 by the Lake Dragon Scout Group.
The handball club RK Gorenje Velenje and football club NK Rudar Velenje are based in Velenje. The city is the birthplace of Jolanda Čeplak, a Slovenian middle distance athlete and Olympic bronze medalist. It is also the hometown of the Slovenian tennis player Katarina Srebotnik.
Religion
[edit]The parish church in Velenje dates to the 13th century with 16th- and 17th-century additions. It is dedicated to Saint Martin, and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. A significant portion of Velenje's populace today describe themselves as atheists.[25]
Twin towns and sister cities
[edit]Velenje is twinned with:
Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
Neath Port Talbot, Wales[26]
Split, Croatia[27]
Pljevlja, Montenegro
Udine, Italy
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Naselje Velenje". Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.
- ^ Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 450–451.
- ^ Spremembe naselij 1948–95. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.
- ^ Ferenc, Mitja (December 2009). "Grobišče Koželj". Geopedia (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Dežman, Jože. 2009. Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.
- ^ Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2007. Informacija o urejanju prikritih grobišč. Ljubljana, p. 7.
- ^ Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. 2010. Terenske preiskave lokacij, kjer so evidentirana prikrita vojna grobišča v Republiki Sloveniji: Seznam lokacij, kjer se izvedejo terenske preiskave. Ljubljana, p. 32. (in Slovene)
- ^ Photo of inventory sign (no. 093) at the Koželj Mass Grave.
- ^ Photo of plaque at the Koželj Mass Grave.
- ^ "The Monument to Josip Broz Tito in Velenje" (in Slovenian).
- ^ "The Bronze Giant" (in Slovenian). Mladina. January 7, 2003.
- ^ Official catalogue and tourist map
- ^ "Velenje Podnebne statistike 1950-2020" (in Slovenian). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Velenje Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "The Hall of Culture – Velenje" (in Slovenian).
- ^ "Slovenia." Euracoal. https://euracoal.eu/info/country-profiles/slovenia/#:~:text=Only%20one%20lignite%20deposit%20is,the%20nearby%20%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj%20power%20plant.
- ^ "Shopping in Velenje". Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ Education in Velenje
- ^ Official traffic information centre
- ^ "Slovenian Railways". Archived from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "Ljubljana bus transport". Archived from the original on 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ Free public transport
- ^ Ljubljana Airport website
- ^ "Population by religion, municipalities, Slovenia". 2002.
- ^ "Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns". Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2013-08-22.
- ^ "Split Twin Towns" (in Croatian).
External links
[edit]
Media related to Velenje at Wikimedia Commons- Velenje on Geopedia
- Official tourist guide to Velenje
- Travel guide to Velenje
| Settlements | Administrative seat: Velenje
|  | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landmarks | ||||||
| Notable people | ||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
