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[[File:MarieSchellinckLPJ.jpg|thumb|right|Fictional illustration by [[Lionel Royer]]: [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] presenting the female officer, Marie Schellinck with a medal on the battlefield, illustration from 'Le Petit Journal', September 1894]] |
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'''Marie Schellinck''' (25 July 1757, [[Ghent]] – 1 September 1840, [[Menen]]), also known as Shelling,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume Two)|last=Pennington|first=Reina|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2003|isbn=0-313-32708-4|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=390}}</ref> was |
'''Marie Schellinck''' (25 July 1757, [[Ghent]] – 1 September 1840, [[Menen]]), also known as Shelling,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume Two)|last=Pennington|first=Reina|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2003|isbn=0-313-32708-4|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=390}}</ref> was an Austrian-Netherlands-born soldier who fought in the French Revolution. |
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== Life == |
== Life == |
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Disguised as a man, Schellinck enlisted 1792 in the 2nd Belgian battalion of the French army |
Disguised as a man, Schellinck enlisted 1792 in the 2nd Belgian battalion of the French army. She most notably took part at the [[battle of Jemappes]] in the same year, where she was severely wounded. Four days after the battle, 10 November, she was made sub-lieutenant. |
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She left military service in 1795/96 when she married lieutenant Louis-Joseph Decarmin. She followed him during the Italy campaign and, after his resignation from service in January 1808, settled with him in [[Lille]].<ref name="Grabilier">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k73417z/f472 Léonce Grabilier: ''Jeanne Schellinck''] in: ''[[L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]'' {{in lang|fr}}, 1909</ref> |
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| ⚫ | A Marie''-Jeanne'' Schellinck is often reported to have been decorated with the [[Legion of Honor]] in June 1808 by Emperor [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] himself before he rode into Ghent and thus having been the first woman with that merit. This legend is embellished with an impressive list of battles where she was supposed to have fought (Jemappes, [[Battle of Arcole|Arcole]], [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]], [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]], [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt|Jena-Auerstedt]] and in the Poland campaign 1807), as well as a rousing speech Napoleon gave the assembled soldiers.<ref name="BelgMil">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k614565.image.f344 ''La Belgique militaire''] in: ''[[L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]'', 25. November 1885 |
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| ⚫ | That story has been proven inaccurate: Napoleon I never distinguished a woman with the Legion of Honor and was located in [[Bayonne]] in Southern France in June 1808.<ref name="Grabilier"/> The first woman decorated with the Legion of Honor was [[Angélique Brûlon]] who received the Legion of Honor from [[Napoleon III]] in 1851.<ref>[http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_fordredecoration.html declaration on the website of the Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304210629/http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_fordredecoration.html |date=4 March 2012 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | A Marie''-Jeanne'' Schellinck is often reported to have been decorated with the [[Legion of Honor]] in June 1808 by Emperor [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] himself before he rode into Ghent and thus having been the first woman with that merit. This legend is embellished with an impressive list of battles where she was supposed to have fought (Jemappes, [[Battle of Arcole|Arcole]], [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]], [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]], [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt|Jena-Auerstedt]] and in the Poland campaign 1807), as well as a rousing speech Napoleon gave the assembled soldiers.<ref name="BelgMil">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k614565.image.f344 ''La Belgique militaire''] in: ''[[L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]'', 25. November 1885 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> In 1890, the first image was fabricated that was supposed to show the ceremony.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} Many repetitions of the legend also allege that Schellinck's service record and testimony from military comrades and commanders resulted in her being granted a pension of 667 livres per year for her service to France.<ref name=":0" /> |
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| ⚫ | That story has been proven inaccurate: Napoleon I never distinguished a woman with the Legion of Honor and was located in [[Bayonne]] in Southern France in June 1808.<ref name="Grabilier"/> The first woman decorated with the Legion of Honor was [[Angélique Brûlon]], who received the Legion of Honor from [[Napoleon III]] in 1851.<ref>[http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_fordredecoration.html declaration on the website of the Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304210629/http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_fordredecoration.html |date=4 March 2012 }}</ref> |
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Schellinck's service record and testimony from military comrades and commanders resulted in her being granted a pension of 667 livres per year for her service to France.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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[[Category:1840 deaths]] |
[[Category:1840 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Female wartime cross-dressers]] |
[[Category:Female wartime cross-dressers]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel from Ghent]] |
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[[Category:Women in 18th-century warfare]] |
[[Category:Women in 18th-century warfare]] |
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[[Category:Women in 19th-century warfare]] |
[[Category:Women in 19th-century warfare]] |
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[[Category:Women in war in France]] |
[[Category:Women in war in France]] |
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[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
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[[Category:French female military personnel]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel of the Austrian Netherlands]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:54, 17 October 2024
Marie Schellinck (25 July 1757, Ghent – 1 September 1840, Menen), also known as Shelling,[1] was an Austrian-Netherlands-born soldier who fought in the French Revolution.
Life
[edit]Disguised as a man, Schellinck enlisted 1792 in the 2nd Belgian battalion of the French army. She most notably took part at the battle of Jemappes in the same year, where she was severely wounded. Four days after the battle, 10 November, she was made sub-lieutenant.
She left military service in 1795/96 when she married lieutenant Louis-Joseph Decarmin. She followed him during the Italy campaign and, after his resignation from service in January 1808, settled with him in Lille.[2]
Legend of her Legion of Honor
[edit]A Marie-Jeanne Schellinck is often reported to have been decorated with the Legion of Honor in June 1808 by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte himself before he rode into Ghent and thus having been the first woman with that merit. This legend is embellished with an impressive list of battles where she was supposed to have fought (Jemappes, Arcole, Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena-Auerstedt and in the Poland campaign 1807), as well as a rousing speech Napoleon gave the assembled soldiers.[3] In 1890, the first image was fabricated that was supposed to show the ceremony.[citation needed] Many repetitions of the legend also allege that Schellinck's service record and testimony from military comrades and commanders resulted in her being granted a pension of 667 livres per year for her service to France.[1]
That story has been proven inaccurate: Napoleon I never distinguished a woman with the Legion of Honor and was located in Bayonne in Southern France in June 1808.[2] The first woman decorated with the Legion of Honor was Angélique Brûlon, who received the Legion of Honor from Napoleon III in 1851.[4]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Pennington, Reina (2003). Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume Two). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 390. ISBN 0-313-32708-4.
- ^ a b Léonce Grabilier: Jeanne Schellinck in: L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux (in French), 1909
- ^ La Belgique militaire in: L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux, 25. November 1885 (in French)
- ^ declaration on the website of the Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor Archived 4 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine