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Coordinates: 47°59′48″N 4°05′47″W / 47.9967°N 4.0964°W / 47.9967; -4.0964
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'''Quimper''' ({{IPAc-en|US|k|æ̃|ˈ|p|ɛər}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Quimper|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|kɛ̃pɛʁ|lang|Fr-Paris--Quimper.ogg}}; {{lang-br|Kemper}} {{IPA-br|ˈkẽmpəʁ|}}; {{lang-la|Civitas Aquilonia}} or {{lang|la|Corisopitum}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] and prefecture of the [[Finistère]] [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]] in northwestern France.
'''Quimper''' ({{IPAc-en|US|k|æ̃|ˈ|p|ɛər}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Quimper|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|kɛ̃pɛʁ|lang|Fr-Paris--Quimper.ogg}}; {{lang-br|Kemper}} {{IPA-br|ˈkẽmpəʁ|}}; {{lang-la|Civitas Aquilonia}} or {{lang|la|Corisopitum}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] and prefecture of the [[Finistère]] [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]] in northwestern France.


==Administration==
==Administration==
Line 51: Line 51:


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Quimper (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1967–present)
|location = Quimper (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
Line 60: Line 60:
|May record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 30.3
|Jun record high C = 35.9
|Jun record high C = 35.9
|Jul record high C = 34.9
|Jul record high C = 35.7
|Aug record high C = 35.8
|Aug record high C = 35.8
|Sep record high C = 31.1
|Sep record high C = 31.1
Line 67: Line 67:
|Dec record high C = 17.7
|Dec record high C = 17.7
|year record high C = 35.9
|year record high C = 35.9
|Jan high C = 9.4
|Jan high C = 9.7
|Feb high C = 9.7
|Feb high C = 10.2
|Mar high C = 11.9
|Mar high C = 12.3
|Apr high C = 13.9
|Apr high C = 14.6
|May high C = 17.0
|May high C = 17.5
|Jun high C = 19.8
|Jun high C = 20.1
|Jul high C = 21.7
|Jul high C = 21.8
|Aug high C = 21.9
|Aug high C = 21.9
|Sep high C = 19.8
|Sep high C = 20.0
|Oct high C = 16.0
|Oct high C = 16.3
|Nov high C = 12.4
|Nov high C = 12.7
|Dec high C = 10.0
|Dec high C = 10.4
|year high C = 15.3
|year high C = 15.6
|Jan mean C = 6.8
|Jan mean C = 7.1
|Feb mean C = 6.7
|Feb mean C = 7.2
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Mar mean C = 8.8
|Apr mean C = 10.1
|Apr mean C = 10.6
|May mean C = 13.1
|May mean C = 13.4
|Jun mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 16.0
|Jul mean C = 17.7
|Jul mean C = 17.7
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Aug mean C = 17.7
|Sep mean C = 15.8
|Sep mean C = 15.9
|Oct mean C = 12.8
|Oct mean C = 13.0
|Nov mean C = 9.5
|Nov mean C = 9.8
|Dec mean C = 7.4
|Dec mean C = 7.7
|year mean C = 11.9
|year mean C = 12.1
|Jan low C = 4.2
|Jan low C = 4.5
|Feb low C = 3.8
|Feb low C = 4.1
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Mar low C = 5.4
|Apr low C = 6.3
|Apr low C = 6.6
|May low C = 9.2
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jun low C = 11.9
|Jul low C = 13.6
|Jul low C = 13.6
|Aug low C = 13.6
|Aug low C = 13.6
|Sep low C = 11.8
|Sep low C = 11.7
|Oct low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 9.8
|Nov low C = 6.6
|Nov low C = 6.9
|Dec low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 5.1
|year low C = 8.4
|year low C = 8.5
|Jan record low C = -10.1
|Jan record low C = -10.1
|Feb record low C = -8.4
|Feb record low C = -8.4
Line 120: Line 120:
|year record low C = -10.1
|year record low C = -10.1
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 151.1
|Jan precipitation mm = 144.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 120.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 114.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 98.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 83.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 90.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 87.8
|May precipitation mm = 90.2
|May precipitation mm = 77.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 59.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 63.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 67.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 70.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 86.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 78.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 130.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 123.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 139.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 148.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 151.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 153.1
|year precipitation mm = 1250.2
|year precipitation mm = 1214.4
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 16.4
| Jan precipitation days = 16.3
| Feb precipitation days = 13.0
| Feb precipitation days = 13.5
| Mar precipitation days = 13.7
| Mar precipitation days = 12.6
| Apr precipitation days = 12.4
| Apr precipitation days = 11.6
| May precipitation days = 11.3
| May precipitation days = 10.4
| Jun precipitation days = 8.8
| Jun precipitation days = 9.5
| Jul precipitation days = 9.6
| Jul precipitation days = 9.8
| Aug precipitation days = 9.5
| Aug precipitation days = 9.4
| Sep precipitation days = 9.6
| Sep precipitation days = 9.5
| Oct precipitation days = 14.8
| Oct precipitation days = 14.2
| Nov precipitation days = 15.9
| Nov precipitation days = 16.5
| Dec precipitation days = 15.8
| Dec precipitation days = 16.5
|year precipitation days = 150.8
|year precipitation days = 149.8
|Jan snow days = 1.4
| Jan sun = 66.0
|Feb snow days = 2.1
| Feb sun = 89.6
|Mar snow days = 0.7
| Mar sun = 133.1
|Apr snow days = 0.2
| Apr sun = 177.4
|May snow days = 0.0
| May sun = 201.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jun sun = 208.8
|Jul snow days = 0.0
| Jul sun = 204.7
|Aug snow days = 0.0
| Aug sun = 194.5
|Sep snow days = 0.0
| Sep sun = 175.2
|Oct snow days = 0.0
| Oct sun = 112.1
|Nov snow days = 0.3
| Nov sun = 78.8
|Dec snow days = 0.8
| Dec sun = 66.9
|year snow days = 5.5
|year sun = 1708.2
| Jan sun = 65.9
| Feb sun = 85.7
| Mar sun = 126.5
| Apr sun = 170.7
| May sun = 194.2
| Jun sun = 215.9
| Jul sun = 194.3
| Aug sun = 194.0
| Sep sun = 177.3
| Oct sun = 111.5
| Nov sun = 77.9
| Dec sun = 70.1
|year sun = 1683.8
|source 1 = Météo France<ref name=MFclimat1>{{cite web
|source 1 = Météo France<ref name=MFclimat1>{{cite web
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29216001.pdf
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29216001.pdf
Line 178: Line 165:
| language = fr
| language = fr
| publisher = [[Météo-France]]
| publisher = [[Météo-France]]
| access-date = June 9, 2022}}</ref>
| access-date = June 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=07201&ano=2021&mes=9&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |title=07201: Quimper (France) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 8 September 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 8 September 2021|quote=}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=29216001|title=Normales et records pour Quimper (29)|publisher=Meteociel|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref>
|source 2 =Ogimet<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=07201&ano=2021&mes=9&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |title=07201: Quimper (France) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 8 September 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 8 September 2021|quote=}}</ref> Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=29216001|title=Normales et records pour Quimper (29)|publisher=Meteociel|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 276: Line 263:
* Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes)
* Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes)


[[Quimper–Cornouaille Airport]] has flights to Paris and London City.
Commercial service at [[Quimper–Bretagne Airport]] has been terminated since November 2023.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
Line 299: Line 286:
* [[Dan Ar Braz]] (b. 1949), guitarist
* [[Dan Ar Braz]] (b. 1949), guitarist
* [[Anne Quemere]] (b. 1966), sailor and sportswoman
* [[Anne Quemere]] (b. 1966), sailor and sportswoman
* [[Clémence Quélennec]] (b.1991) singer and composer


==Twin towns – sister cities==
==Twin towns – sister cities==

Latest revision as of 08:50, 12 October 2024

Quimper
Kemper (Breton)
Prefecture and commune
The river Odet in the centre of Quimper
The river Odet in the centre of Quimper
Coat of arms of Quimper
Coat of arms
Location of Quimper
Map
Quimper is located in France
Quimper
Quimper
Quimper is located in Brittany
Quimper
Quimper
Coordinates: 47°59′48″N 4°05′47″W / 47.9967°N 4.0964°W / 47.9967; -4.0964
CountryFrance
RegionBrittany
DepartmentFinistère
ArrondissementQuimper
CantonQuimper-1 and 2
IntercommunalityQuimper Bretagne Occidentale
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Isabelle Assih[1]
Area
1
84.45 km2 (32.61 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
63,642
 • Density750/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
29232 /29000
Elevation−5–151 m (−16–495 ft)
(avg. 6 m or 20 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Quimper (US: /kæ̃ˈpɛər/,[3] French: [kɛ̃pɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Kemper [ˈkẽmpəʁ]; Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and prefecture of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Administration

[edit]

Quimper is the prefecture (capital) of the Finistère department.

Geography

[edit]

The city was built on the confluence of the Steir, Odet and Jet rivers. Route National 165, D785, D765 and D783 were constructed to intersect here, 62 km (39 miles) northwest of Lorient, 181 km (112 mi) west of Rennes, and 486 km (302 mi) west-southwest of Paris.

Climate

[edit]

Quimper has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Quimper is 11.9 °C (53.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,250.2 mm (49.22 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 17.8 °C (64.0 °F), and lowest in February, at around 6.7 °C (44.1 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Quimper was 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) on 30 June 1976; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) on 13 January 1987.

Town Sunshine

(hours/yr) 		Rain

(mm/yr)		 Snow

(days/yr)		 Storm

(days/yr)		 Fog

(days/yr)
National average 1,973 770 14 22 40
Quimper 1,684 1,249.2 6.3 14.0 60.4[5]
Paris 1,661 637 12 18 10
Nice 2,724 767 1 29 1
Strasbourg 1,693 665 29 29 56
Brest 1,605 1,211 7 12 75
Climate data for Quimper (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.1
(80.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		35.9
(96.6) 		35.7
(96.3) 		35.8
(96.4) 		31.1
(88.0) 		26.8
(80.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		35.9
(96.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.9
(71.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.6
(60.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.1
(44.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.1
(53.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		4.1
(39.4) 		5.4
(41.7) 		6.6
(43.9) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.6
(56.5) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.7
(53.1) 		9.8
(49.6) 		6.9
(44.4) 		5.1
(41.2) 		8.5
(47.3)
Record low °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		0.3
(32.5) 		3.9
(39.0) 		6.6
(43.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−10.1
(13.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 144.0
(5.67) 		114.9
(4.52) 		83.8
(3.30) 		87.8
(3.46) 		77.1
(3.04) 		63.9
(2.52) 		69.9
(2.75) 		70.5
(2.78) 		78.2
(3.08) 		123.2
(4.85) 		148.0
(5.83) 		153.1
(6.03) 		1,214.4
(47.81)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 16.3 13.5 12.6 11.6 10.4 9.5 9.8 9.4 9.5 14.2 16.5 16.5 149.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 66.0 89.6 133.1 177.4 201.1 208.8 204.7 194.5 175.2 112.1 78.8 66.9 1,708.2
Source 1: Météo France[6]
Source 2: Ogimet[7] Meteociel[8]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Quimper comes from the Breton kemper, meaning "confluent".

History

[edit]
Quimper, with its vernacular architecture, is a popular tourist destination

Quimper is the ancient capital of Cornouaille, Brittany's most traditional region, and has a distinctive Breton Celtic character. Its name is the Breton word kemper (cognate to Welsh cymer), meaning "confluence". The town developed at the confluence of the rivers Le Steir and L'Odet. Shops and flags celebrate the region's Celtic heritage.

Quimper was originally settled during Roman times. By AD 495, the town had become a Bishopric. It subsequently became the capital of the counts of Cornouailles. In the eleventh century, it was united with the Duchy of Brittany. During the War of the Breton Succession (1341–1364), the town suffered considerable ruin. In 1364, the duchy passed to the House of Montfort.

The town has a rustic atmosphere, with footbridges spanning the rivers that flow through it. The Church of Locmaria, a Romanesque structure, dates from the eleventh century. The Cathedral of Saint-Corentin, with its Gothic-style façade, was constructed between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is the oldest Gothic structure in lower Brittany. Its two towers are 76 m (250 feet); its spires were added in the nineteenth century. The fifteenth-century stained glass windows are exceptional. The cathedral is dedicated to Quimper's first bishop, Corentin.

To the cathedral's west are the pedestrianised streets of Vieux Quimper (Old Quimper), which have a wide array of crêperies, half-timbered houses, and shops. Near the Episcopal palace, which now holds the Musée départemental Breton (devoted to regional history, archaeology, ethnology and economy) are the ruins of the town's fifteenth-century walls. Nearby is the Musée des beaux-arts de Quimper. The museum has a nineteenth-century façade and an entirely rebuilt interior. It houses a collection of fourteenth to twenty-first century paintings that includes works by François Boucher, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Baptiste Oudry and Peter Paul Rubens, along with canvases by such Pont-Aven School painters as Émile Bernard, Maurice Denis, Georges Lacombe, Maxime Maufra and Paul Sérusier.

The town's best known product is Quimper faience, tin-glazed pottery. It has been made here since 1690, using bold provincial designs of Jean-Baptiste Bousquet. Quimper has a museum devoted to faience. The town has also been known for copper and bronze work, food items, galvanised ironware, hosiery, leather, paper and woollen goods.

Population

[edit]

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Quimper proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Quimper absorbed the former communes of Ergué-Armel, Kerfunteun and Penhars in 1959.[9] Its inhabitants are called Quimpérois.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 8,400—    
1800 6,651−3.28%
1806 6,905+0.63%
1821 9,400+2.08%
1831 9,860+0.48%
1836 9,715−0.30%
1841 10,154+0.89%
1846 10,943+1.51%
1851 10,904−0.07%
1856 11,450+0.98%
1861 11,438−0.02%
1866 12,532+1.84%
1872 13,159+0.82%
1876 13,879+1.34%
1881 15,228+1.87%
1886 17,171+2.43%
1891 17,406+0.27%
1896 18,557+1.29%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 19,441+0.94%
1906 19,516+0.08%
1911 19,367−0.15%
1921 18,444−0.49%
1926 18,686+0.26%
1931 18,297−0.42%
1936 18,814+0.56%
1946 20,149+0.69%
1954 19,352−0.50%
1962 45,989+11.43%
1968 52,496+2.23%
1975 55,977+0.92%
1982 56,907+0.24%
1990 59,437+0.55%
1999 63,238+0.69%
2007 63,961+0.14%
2012 63,360−0.19%
2017 62,985−0.12%
Source: EHESS[9] and INSEE (1968–2017)[10]

Breton language

[edit]

The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 6 February 2008, to revive the teaching and use of Breton, the historic Celtic language of the region. In 2008, 4.61% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools.[11]

Education

[edit]

Quimper has several schools. These include two Diwan pre-schools, two Diwan primary schools and one Diwan collège (all specialise in use of Breton). In total, 287 students here attended a Diwan school in 2003–2004.[12]

Festivals

[edit]

While many French festivals are held in the summer season, Quimper has a winter festival: Les Hivernautes.

In the summer, concerts are held on street corners, with pipers and accordion players.[13]

The Festival de Cornouaille, a cultural festival, is typically held in the last week of July.[citation needed]

Tourism

[edit]
Quimper Cathedral
River Odet

Points of interest in Quimper include:[citation needed]

  • Quimper Cathedral and the nearby statue of Gradlon (looking in the direction of Ys)
  • Musée des Beaux-Arts (near the cathedral)
  • Several churches, including Locmaria, Saint-Mathieu, Kerfeunteun and Ergue-Armel.
  • The old town centre with mediaeval fortifications and houses
  • Faience museum

Transport

[edit]

Public transport in Quimper is provided by QUB. The network consists of seven urban bus routes and 16 suburban bus routes. During the summer months of July and August, an additional "beach" bus route is open to service.

The Gare de Quimper is the terminus of a TGV high-speed train line from Paris, which passes through Le Mans, Rennes and Vannes. Journey duration is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes. In addition, the following destinations are served by the TER Bretagne (the regional train network):

  • Quimper – Brest (1 hour 9 minutes)
  • Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes)

Commercial service at Quimper–Bretagne Airport has been terminated since November 2023.

Notable people

[edit]

Quimper is the birthplace of:

Élie Catherine Fréron

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Quimper is twinned with:[15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Quimper". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  4. ^ Paris, Nice, Strasbourg, Brest
  5. ^ "Normales climatiques 1981-2010 : Quimper". www.lameteo.org. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  6. ^ "Climate of Quimper 1981-2010" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  7. ^ "07201: Quimper (France)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  8. ^ "Normales et records pour Quimper (29)". Meteociel. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  9. ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Quimper, EHESS (in French).
  10. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  11. ^ (in French) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue
  12. ^ "Diwan e sifroù". www.diwan.bzh (in Breton). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  13. ^ "Quimper Property Listings and Info". www.frenchpropertylinks.com.
  14. ^ Hervé Gourmelon, Le chevalier de Kerlérec, 1704–1770: L'affaire de la louisiane, second edition (Rennes : Les Portes du large, 2004), 14.
  15. ^ "Jumelages". quimper.bzh (in French). Quimper. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quimper.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quimper&oldid=1250748636"