Quimper: Difference between revisions
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|native name = {{native name|br|Kemper}} |
|native name = {{native name|br|Kemper}} |
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|commune status = [[Prefectures of France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]] |
|commune status = [[Prefectures of France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]] |
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|image flag = File:Flag of Quimper.png|thumb|Flag of Quimper |
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|image flag size = |
|image flag size = |
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|flag legend = |
|flag legend = |
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|image = Quimper2011.png |
|image = Quimper2011.png |
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|caption = The river Odet in the centre of Quimper |
|caption = The river Odet in the centre of Quimper |
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|coordinates = {{coord|47.9967|-4.0964|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
|coordinates = {{coord|47.9967|-4.0964|region:FR-29_type:city(63,000)|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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|arrondissement = Quimper |
|arrondissement = Quimper |
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|canton = [[Canton of Quimper-1|Quimper-1]] and [[Canton of Quimper-2|2]] |
|canton = [[Canton of Quimper-1|Quimper-1]] and [[Canton of Quimper-2|2]] |
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|mayor = Isabelle Assih<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref> |
|mayor = Isabelle Assih<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref> |
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|party = |
|party = |
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|term = |
|term = 2020–2026 |
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|intercommunality = [[Quimper Bretagne Occidentale]] |
|intercommunality = [[Quimper Bretagne Occidentale]] |
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|elevation m = 6 |
|elevation m = 6 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Quimper''' ({{IPAc-en|US|k|æ̃|ˈ|p|ɛər}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Quimper|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA |
'''Quimper''' ({{IPAc-en|US|k|æ̃|ˈ|p|ɛər}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Quimper|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|kɛ̃pɛʁ|lang|Fr-Paris--Quimper.ogg}}; {{lang-br|Kemper}} {{IPA-br|ˈkẽmpəʁ|}}; {{lang-la|Civitas Aquilonia}} or {{lang|la|Corisopitum}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] and prefecture of the [[Finistère]] [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]] in northwestern France. |
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==Administration== |
==Administration== |
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===Climate=== |
===Climate=== |
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Quimper has |
Quimper has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Quimper is {{cvt|11.9|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1250.2|mm}} with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|17.8|C}}, and lowest in February, at around {{cvt|6.7|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Quimper was {{cvt|35.9|C}} on 30 June 1976; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-10.1|C}} on 13 January 1987. |
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{{Clear}} |
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{{Meteo France |
{{Meteo France |
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|Town=Quimper |
|Town=Quimper |
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|Fog=60.4<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lameteo.org/index.php/12-climatologie/1553-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-quimper|title=Normales climatiques 1981-2010 : Quimper|website=www.lameteo.org|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> |
|Fog=60.4<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lameteo.org/index.php/12-climatologie/1553-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-quimper|title=Normales climatiques 1981-2010 : Quimper|website=www.lameteo.org|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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<br> |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|location = Quimper ( |
|location = Quimper (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present) |
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|metric first = Yes |
|metric first = Yes |
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|single line = Yes |
|single line = Yes |
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|May record high C = 30.3 |
|May record high C = 30.3 |
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|Jun record high C = 35.9 |
|Jun record high C = 35.9 |
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|Jul record high C = |
|Jul record high C = 35.7 |
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|Aug record high C = 35.8 |
|Aug record high C = 35.8 |
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|Sep record high C = 31.1 |
|Sep record high C = 31.1 |
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Line 69: | Line 67: | ||
|Dec record high C = 17.7 |
|Dec record high C = 17.7 |
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|year record high C = 35.9 |
|year record high C = 35.9 |
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|Jan high C = 9. |
|Jan high C = 9.7 |
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|Feb high C = |
|Feb high C = 10.2 |
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|Mar high C = |
|Mar high C = 12.3 |
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|Apr high C = |
|Apr high C = 14.6 |
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|May high C = 17. |
|May high C = 17.5 |
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|Jun high C = |
|Jun high C = 20.1 |
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|Jul high C = 21. |
|Jul high C = 21.8 |
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|Aug high C = 21.9 |
|Aug high C = 21.9 |
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|Sep high C = |
|Sep high C = 20.0 |
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|Oct high C = 16. |
|Oct high C = 16.3 |
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|Nov high C = 12. |
|Nov high C = 12.7 |
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|Dec high C = 10. |
|Dec high C = 10.4 |
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|year high C = 15. |
|year high C = 15.6 |
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|Jan mean C = |
|Jan mean C = 7.1 |
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|Feb mean C = |
|Feb mean C = 7.2 |
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|Mar mean C = 8. |
|Mar mean C = 8.8 |
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|Apr mean C = 10. |
|Apr mean C = 10.6 |
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|May mean C = 13. |
|May mean C = 13.4 |
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|Jun mean C = |
|Jun mean C = 16.0 |
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|Jul mean C = 17.7 |
|Jul mean C = 17.7 |
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|Aug mean C = 17. |
|Aug mean C = 17.7 |
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|Sep mean C = 15. |
|Sep mean C = 15.9 |
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|Oct mean C = |
|Oct mean C = 13.0 |
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|Nov mean C = 9. |
|Nov mean C = 9.8 |
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|Dec mean C = 7. |
|Dec mean C = 7.7 |
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|year mean C = |
|year mean C = 12.1 |
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|Jan low C = 4. |
|Jan low C = 4.5 |
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|Feb low C = |
|Feb low C = 4.1 |
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|Mar low C = 5. |
|Mar low C = 5.4 |
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|Apr low C = 6. |
|Apr low C = 6.6 |
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|May low C = 9. |
|May low C = 9.3 |
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|Jun low C = 11. |
|Jun low C = 11.9 |
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|Jul low C = 13.6 |
|Jul low C = 13.6 |
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|Aug low C = 13.6 |
|Aug low C = 13.6 |
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|Sep low C = 11. |
|Sep low C = 11.7 |
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|Oct low C = 9. |
|Oct low C = 9.8 |
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|Nov low C = 6. |
|Nov low C = 6.9 |
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|Dec low C = |
|Dec low C = 5.1 |
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|year low C = 8. |
|year low C = 8.5 |
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|Jan record low C = -10.1 |
|Jan record low C = -10.1 |
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|Feb record low C = -8.4 |
|Feb record low C = -8.4 |
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|year record low C = -10.1 |
|year record low C = -10.1 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = |
|Jan precipitation mm = 144.0 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = |
|Feb precipitation mm = 114.9 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = |
|Mar precipitation mm = 83.8 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = |
|Apr precipitation mm = 87.8 |
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|May precipitation mm = |
|May precipitation mm = 77.1 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = |
|Jun precipitation mm = 63.9 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = |
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.9 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = |
|Aug precipitation mm = 70.5 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = |
|Sep precipitation mm = 78.2 |
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|Oct precipitation mm = |
|Oct precipitation mm = 123.2 |
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|Nov precipitation mm = |
|Nov precipitation mm = 148.0 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = |
|Dec precipitation mm = 153.1 |
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|year precipitation mm = |
|year precipitation mm = 1214.4 |
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|unit precipitation days = 1 mm |
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm |
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| Jan precipitation days = 16. |
| Jan precipitation days = 16.3 |
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| Feb precipitation days = 13. |
| Feb precipitation days = 13.5 |
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| Mar precipitation days = |
| Mar precipitation days = 12.6 |
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| Apr precipitation days = |
| Apr precipitation days = 11.6 |
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| May precipitation days = |
| May precipitation days = 10.4 |
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| Jun precipitation days = |
| Jun precipitation days = 9.5 |
||
| Jul precipitation days = 9. |
| Jul precipitation days = 9.8 |
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| Aug precipitation days = 9. |
| Aug precipitation days = 9.4 |
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| Sep precipitation days = 9. |
| Sep precipitation days = 9.5 |
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| Oct precipitation days = 14. |
| Oct precipitation days = 14.2 |
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| Nov precipitation days = |
| Nov precipitation days = 16.5 |
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| Dec precipitation days = |
| Dec precipitation days = 16.5 |
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|year precipitation days = |
|year precipitation days = 149.8 |
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| |
| Jan sun = 66.0 |
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| |
| Feb sun = 89.6 |
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| |
| Mar sun = 133.1 |
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| |
| Apr sun = 177.4 |
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| |
| May sun = 201.1 |
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| |
| Jun sun = 208.8 |
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| |
| Jul sun = 204.7 |
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| |
| Aug sun = 194.5 |
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| |
| Sep sun = 175.2 |
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| |
| Oct sun = 112.1 |
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| |
| Nov sun = 78.8 |
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| |
| Dec sun = 66.9 |
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|year |
|year sun = 1708.2 |
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| Jan sun = 65.9 |
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| Feb sun = 85.7 |
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| Mar sun = 126.5 |
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| Apr sun = 170.7 |
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| May sun = 194.2 |
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| Jun sun = 215.9 |
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| Jul sun = 194.3 |
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| Aug sun = 194.0 |
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| Sep sun = 177.3 |
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| Oct sun = 111.5 |
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| Nov sun = 77.9 |
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| Dec sun = 70.1 |
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|year sun = 1683.8 |
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|source 1 = Météo France<ref name=MFclimat1>{{cite web |
|source 1 = Météo France<ref name=MFclimat1>{{cite web |
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| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29216001.pdf |
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29216001.pdf |
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Line 180: | Line 165: | ||
| language = fr |
| language = fr |
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| publisher = [[Météo-France]] |
| publisher = [[Météo-France]] |
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| access-date = June 9, 2022}}</ref> |
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| access-date = June 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=07201&ano=2021&mes=9&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |title=07201: Quimper (France) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 8 September 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 8 September 2021|quote=}}</ref> |
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|source 2 = |
|source 2 =Ogimet<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=07201&ano=2021&mes=9&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |title=07201: Quimper (France) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 8 September 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 8 September 2021|quote=}}</ref> Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=29216001|title=Normales et records pour Quimper (29)|publisher=Meteociel|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Bretagne Finistere Quimper 20055.jpg |
[[File:Bretagne Finistere Quimper 20055.jpg|thumb|Quimper, with its [[vernacular architecture]], is a popular tourist destination]] |
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Quimper is the ancient capital of [[Cornouaille]], Brittany's most traditional region, and has a distinctive Breton Celtic character. Its name is the Breton word ''kemper'' (cognate to Welsh ''[[Cymer Abbey|cymer]]''), meaning "confluence". The town developed at the confluence of the rivers Le Steir and L'Odet. Shops and flags celebrate the region's [[Celts|Celtic]] heritage. |
Quimper is the ancient capital of [[Cornouaille]], Brittany's most traditional region, and has a distinctive Breton Celtic character. Its name is the Breton word ''kemper'' (cognate to Welsh ''[[Cymer Abbey|cymer]]''), meaning "confluence". The town developed at the confluence of the rivers Le Steir and L'Odet. Shops and flags celebrate the region's [[Celts|Celtic]] heritage. |
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To the cathedral's west are the pedestrianised streets of Vieux Quimper (Old Quimper), which have a wide array of crêperies, half-timbered houses, and shops. Near the Episcopal palace, which now holds the [[Musée départemental Breton]] (devoted to regional history, archaeology, ethnology and economy) are the ruins of the town's fifteenth-century walls. Nearby is the [[Musée des beaux-arts de Quimper]]. The museum has a nineteenth-century façade and an entirely rebuilt interior. It houses a collection of fourteenth to twenty-first century paintings that includes works by [[François Boucher]], [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Oudry]] and [[Peter Paul Rubens]], along with canvases by such [[Pont-Aven School]] painters as [[Émile Bernard (painter)|Émile Bernard]], [[Maurice Denis]], [[Georges Lacombe (painter)|Georges Lacombe]], [[Maxime Maufra]] and [[Paul Sérusier]]. |
To the cathedral's west are the pedestrianised streets of Vieux Quimper (Old Quimper), which have a wide array of crêperies, half-timbered houses, and shops. Near the Episcopal palace, which now holds the [[Musée départemental Breton]] (devoted to regional history, archaeology, ethnology and economy) are the ruins of the town's fifteenth-century walls. Nearby is the [[Musée des beaux-arts de Quimper]]. The museum has a nineteenth-century façade and an entirely rebuilt interior. It houses a collection of fourteenth to twenty-first century paintings that includes works by [[François Boucher]], [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Oudry]] and [[Peter Paul Rubens]], along with canvases by such [[Pont-Aven School]] painters as [[Émile Bernard (painter)|Émile Bernard]], [[Maurice Denis]], [[Georges Lacombe (painter)|Georges Lacombe]], [[Maxime Maufra]] and [[Paul Sérusier]]. |
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The town's best known product is [[Quimper faience]], tin-glazed pottery. It has been made here since 1690, using bold provincial designs of [[Jean-Baptiste Bousquet]]. Quimper has a museum devoted to faience. |
The town's best known product is [[Quimper faience]], tin-glazed pottery. It has been made here since 1690, using bold provincial designs of [[Jean-Baptiste Bousquet]]. Quimper has a museum devoted to faience. The town has also been known for copper and bronze work, food items, galvanised ironware, hosiery, leather, paper and woollen goods. |
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==Population== |
==Population== |
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| cols = 2 |
| cols = 2 |
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| percentages = pagr |
| percentages = pagr |
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| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|28471|Quimper}}</ref> and INSEE ( |
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|28471|Quimper}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-29232#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref> |
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| graph-pos = bottom |
| graph-pos = bottom |
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|1793 |8400 |
|1793 |8400 |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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Quimper has several schools. These include two [[Diwan (school)|Diwan]] pre-schools, two Diwan primary schools and one Diwan [[collège]] (all specialise in use of Breton). In total, 287 students here attended a Diwan school in 2003–2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url= |
Quimper has several schools. These include two [[Diwan (school)|Diwan]] pre-schools, two Diwan primary schools and one Diwan [[collège]] (all specialise in use of Breton). In total, 287 students here attended a Diwan school in 2003–2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diwan e sifroù |url=http://www.diwanbreizh.org/sections.php4?op=viewarticle&artid=25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726001239/http://www.diwanbreizh.org/sections.php4?op=viewarticle&artid=25 |archive-date=26 Jul 2011 |website=www.diwan.bzh |language=breton}}</ref> |
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== |
==Festivals== |
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While many French festivals are held in the summer season, Quimper has a winter festival: ''Les Hivernautes''. |
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In the summer, concerts are held on street corners, with pipers and accordion players.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frenchpropertylinks.com/brittany/finistere/quimper.htm|title=Quimper Property Listings and Info|website=www.frenchpropertylinks.com}}</ref> |
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==Local points of interest== |
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⚫ | |||
The [[Festival de Cornouaille]], a cultural festival, is typically held in the last week of July.{{fact|date=August 2023}} |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Quimper Cathedral]]. This cathedral has a remarkable bend in its middle. |
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==Tourism== |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
Points of interest in Quimper include:{{fact|date=August 2023}} |
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⚫ | |||
* Musée des Beaux-Arts (near the cathedral) |
* Musée des Beaux-Arts (near the cathedral) |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Festival de Cornouaille]]: traditional dance (last week of July) |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Faience]] museum |
* [[Faience]] museum |
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⚫ | |||
==Transport== |
==Transport== |
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Public transport in Quimper is provided by QUB. The network consists of seven urban bus routes and 16 suburban bus routes. During the summer months of July and August, an additional "beach" bus route is open to service. |
Public transport in Quimper is provided by QUB. The network consists of seven urban bus routes and 16 suburban bus routes. During the summer months of July and August, an additional "beach" bus route is open to service. |
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The [[Gare de Quimper]] is the terminus of a [[TGV]] high-speed train line from Paris, which passes through [[Le Mans]], [[Rennes]] and [[Vannes]]. Journey duration is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes. In addition, the following destinations are served by the [[TER|TER Bretagne]] (the regional train network) |
The [[Gare de Quimper]] is the terminus of a [[TGV]] high-speed train line from Paris, which passes through [[Le Mans]], [[Rennes]] and [[Vannes]]. Journey duration is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes. In addition, the following destinations are served by the [[TER|TER Bretagne]] (the regional train network): |
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* Quimper – Brest (1 hour 9 minutes) |
* Quimper – Brest (1 hour 9 minutes) |
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* Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes) |
* Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes) |
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[[ |
Commercial service at [[Quimper–Bretagne Airport]] has been terminated since November 2023. |
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== |
==Notable people== |
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Quimper |
Quimper is the birthplace of: |
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[[File:Fréron |
[[File:E. C. Fréron. G.10999(1).jpg|thumb|upright|Élie Catherine Fréron]] |
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* [[Guillaume Hyacinthe Bougeant]] (1690–1743), Jesuit author |
* [[Guillaume Hyacinthe Bougeant]] (1690–1743), Jesuit author |
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* [[Louis Billouart |
* [[Louis Billouart|Louis Billouart, Chevalier de Kerlérec]] (1704–1770), last French governor of Louisiana<ref>Hervé Gourmelon, ''Le chevalier de Kerlérec, 1704–1770: L'affaire de la louisiane'', second edition (Rennes : Les Portes du large, 2004), 14.</ref> |
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* [[René Cardaliaguet]] ( |
* [[René Cardaliaguet]] (1875–1950), priest and writer |
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* [[Élie Catherine Fréron]] (1718–1776), critic and controversialist |
* [[Élie Catherine Fréron]] (1718–1776), critic and controversialist |
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* [[Franciscus Lé Livec de Trésurin]] (1726–1792), French [[Jesuit]] |
* [[Franciscus Lé Livec de Trésurin]] (1726–1792), French [[Jesuit]] |
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* [[René Laennec]] (1781–1826), physician, inventor of the [[stethoscope]] |
* [[René Laennec]] (1781–1826), physician, inventor of the [[stethoscope]] |
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* [[Max Jacob]] (1876–1944), poet, painter, writer and critic |
* [[Max Jacob]] (1876–1944), poet, painter, writer and critic |
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* [[Corentin Louis Kervran]] ( |
* [[Corentin Louis Kervran]] (1901–1983), scientist |
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* [[Philippe Poupon]] (born 1954), sailor |
* [[Philippe Poupon]] (born 1954), sailor |
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* [[OBE Hélène Mansfield]], Croesyceiliog Head Teacher |
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* [[William Stanger (footballer)|William Stanger]] (born 1985), footballer |
* [[William Stanger (footballer)|William Stanger]] (born 1985), footballer |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Jean Failler]], writer (The Adventures of [[Mary Lester]]) |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Jean-Claude Andro]] (1937–2000), novelist |
* [[Jean-Claude Andro]] (1937–2000), novelist |
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* [[Jessica Cérival]] (born 1982), athlete |
* [[Jessica Cérival]] (born 1982), athlete |
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* [[Jean-Michel Moal]], accordionist of [[Red Cardell]] |
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* [[Dan Ar Braz]] (b. 1949), guitarist |
* [[Dan Ar Braz]] (b. 1949), guitarist |
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* [[Anne Quemere]] (b. 1966), sailor and sportswoman |
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* [[Charlie Le Gars]] (1989-), champion de bras de fer 2012, CBFRT [[Championnat de Bras de Fer des routiers tatoués]] médaille d'or 2012 |
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* [[ |
* [[Clémence Quélennec]] (b.1991) singer and composer |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Ys]] |
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* [[ |
* [[François Bazin (sculptor)]] |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
*[[François Bazin (sculptor)]] |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
* [[Henri Guinier]] |
* [[Henri Guinier]] |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
==References== |
==References== |
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{{Préfectures of départements of France}} |
{{Préfectures of départements of France}} |
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{{Finistère communes}} |
{{Finistère communes}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:50, 12 October 2024
Quimper
Kemper (Breton) | |
---|---|
Prefecture and commune | |
Coordinates: 47°59′48″N 4°05′47″W / 47.9967°N 4.0964°W | |
Country | France |
Region | Brittany |
Department | Finistère |
Arrondissement | Quimper |
Canton | Quimper-1 and 2 |
Intercommunality | Quimper Bretagne Occidentale |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Isabelle Assih[1] |
Area 1 | 84.45 km2 (32.61 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[2] | 63,642 |
• Density | 750/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 29232 /29000 |
Elevation | −5–151 m (−16–495 ft) (avg. 6 m or 20 ft) |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Quimper (US: /kæ̃ˈpɛər/,[3] French: [kɛ̃pɛʁ] ; Breton: Kemper [ˈkẽmpəʁ]; Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and prefecture of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.
Administration
[edit]Quimper is the prefecture (capital) of the Finistère department.
Geography
[edit]The city was built on the confluence of the Steir, Odet and Jet rivers. Route National 165, D785, D765 and D783 were constructed to intersect here, 62 km (39 miles) northwest of Lorient, 181 km (112 mi) west of Rennes, and 486 km (302 mi) west-southwest of Paris.
Climate
[edit]Quimper has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Quimper is 11.9 °C (53.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,250.2 mm (49.22 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 17.8 °C (64.0 °F), and lowest in February, at around 6.7 °C (44.1 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Quimper was 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) on 30 June 1976; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) on 13 January 1987.
Town | Sunshine (hours/yr) |
Rain (mm/yr) |
Snow (days/yr) |
Storm (days/yr) |
Fog (days/yr) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National average | 1,973 | 770 | 14 | 22 | 40 |
Quimper | 1,684 | 1,249.2 | 6.3 | 14.0 | 60.4[5] |
Paris | 1,661 | 637 | 12 | 18 | 10 |
Nice | 2,724 | 767 | 1 | 29 | 1 |
Strasbourg | 1,693 | 665 | 29 | 29 | 56 |
Brest | 1,605 | 1,211 | 7 | 12 | 75 |
Climate data for Quimper (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
35.9 (96.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.3 (32.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 144.0 (5.67) |
114.9 (4.52) |
83.8 (3.30) |
87.8 (3.46) |
77.1 (3.04) |
63.9 (2.52) |
69.9 (2.75) |
70.5 (2.78) |
78.2 (3.08) |
123.2 (4.85) |
148.0 (5.83) |
153.1 (6.03) |
1,214.4 (47.81) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 16.3 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 14.2 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 149.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 66.0 | 89.6 | 133.1 | 177.4 | 201.1 | 208.8 | 204.7 | 194.5 | 175.2 | 112.1 | 78.8 | 66.9 | 1,708.2 |
Source 1: Météo France[6] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Ogimet[7] Meteociel[8] |
Etymology
[edit]The name Quimper comes from the Breton kemper, meaning "confluent".
History
[edit]Quimper is the ancient capital of Cornouaille, Brittany's most traditional region, and has a distinctive Breton Celtic character. Its name is the Breton word kemper (cognate to Welsh cymer), meaning "confluence". The town developed at the confluence of the rivers Le Steir and L'Odet. Shops and flags celebrate the region's Celtic heritage.
Quimper was originally settled during Roman times. By AD 495, the town had become a Bishopric. It subsequently became the capital of the counts of Cornouailles. In the eleventh century, it was united with the Duchy of Brittany. During the War of the Breton Succession (1341–1364), the town suffered considerable ruin. In 1364, the duchy passed to the House of Montfort.
The town has a rustic atmosphere, with footbridges spanning the rivers that flow through it. The Church of Locmaria, a Romanesque structure, dates from the eleventh century. The Cathedral of Saint-Corentin, with its Gothic-style façade, was constructed between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is the oldest Gothic structure in lower Brittany. Its two towers are 76 m (250 feet); its spires were added in the nineteenth century. The fifteenth-century stained glass windows are exceptional. The cathedral is dedicated to Quimper's first bishop, Corentin.
To the cathedral's west are the pedestrianised streets of Vieux Quimper (Old Quimper), which have a wide array of crêperies, half-timbered houses, and shops. Near the Episcopal palace, which now holds the Musée départemental Breton (devoted to regional history, archaeology, ethnology and economy) are the ruins of the town's fifteenth-century walls. Nearby is the Musée des beaux-arts de Quimper. The museum has a nineteenth-century façade and an entirely rebuilt interior. It houses a collection of fourteenth to twenty-first century paintings that includes works by François Boucher, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Baptiste Oudry and Peter Paul Rubens, along with canvases by such Pont-Aven School painters as Émile Bernard, Maurice Denis, Georges Lacombe, Maxime Maufra and Paul Sérusier.
The town's best known product is Quimper faience, tin-glazed pottery. It has been made here since 1690, using bold provincial designs of Jean-Baptiste Bousquet. Quimper has a museum devoted to faience. The town has also been known for copper and bronze work, food items, galvanised ironware, hosiery, leather, paper and woollen goods.
Population
[edit]The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Quimper proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Quimper absorbed the former communes of Ergué-Armel, Kerfunteun and Penhars in 1959.[9] Its inhabitants are called Quimpérois.
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Source: EHESS[9] and INSEE (1968–2017)[10] |
Breton language
[edit]The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 6 February 2008, to revive the teaching and use of Breton, the historic Celtic language of the region. In 2008, 4.61% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools.[11]
Education
[edit]Quimper has several schools. These include two Diwan pre-schools, two Diwan primary schools and one Diwan collège (all specialise in use of Breton). In total, 287 students here attended a Diwan school in 2003–2004.[12]
Festivals
[edit]While many French festivals are held in the summer season, Quimper has a winter festival: Les Hivernautes.
In the summer, concerts are held on street corners, with pipers and accordion players.[13]
The Festival de Cornouaille, a cultural festival, is typically held in the last week of July.[citation needed]
Tourism
[edit]Points of interest in Quimper include:[citation needed]
- Quimper Cathedral and the nearby statue of Gradlon (looking in the direction of Ys)
- Musée des Beaux-Arts (near the cathedral)
- Several churches, including Locmaria, Saint-Mathieu, Kerfeunteun and Ergue-Armel.
- The old town centre with mediaeval fortifications and houses
- Faience museum
Transport
[edit]Public transport in Quimper is provided by QUB. The network consists of seven urban bus routes and 16 suburban bus routes. During the summer months of July and August, an additional "beach" bus route is open to service.
The Gare de Quimper is the terminus of a TGV high-speed train line from Paris, which passes through Le Mans, Rennes and Vannes. Journey duration is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes. In addition, the following destinations are served by the TER Bretagne (the regional train network):
- Quimper – Brest (1 hour 9 minutes)
- Quimper – Rennes (2 hours 15 minutes)
Commercial service at Quimper–Bretagne Airport has been terminated since November 2023.
Notable people
[edit]Quimper is the birthplace of:
- Guillaume Hyacinthe Bougeant (1690–1743), Jesuit author
- Louis Billouart, Chevalier de Kerlérec (1704–1770), last French governor of Louisiana[14]
- René Cardaliaguet (1875–1950), priest and writer
- Élie Catherine Fréron (1718–1776), critic and controversialist
- Franciscus Lé Livec de Trésurin (1726–1792), French Jesuit
- Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec (1734–1797), explorer, admiral, discoverer of the Kerguelen archipelago
- Rene-Marie Madec (1736–1784), adventurer, Nawab of India. See also René Madec
- Guillaume François Laennec (1748–1822), French physician
- René Laennec (1781–1826), physician, inventor of the stethoscope
- Max Jacob (1876–1944), poet, painter, writer and critic
- Corentin Louis Kervran (1901–1983), scientist
- Philippe Poupon (born 1954), sailor
- William Stanger (born 1985), footballer
- Jacques Villeglé (1926–2022), mixed-media artist
- Jean-Claude Andro (1937–2000), novelist
- Jessica Cérival (born 1982), athlete
- Dan Ar Braz (b. 1949), guitarist
- Anne Quemere (b. 1966), sailor and sportswoman
- Clémence Quélennec (b.1991) singer and composer
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]See also
[edit]- Communes of the Finistère department
- François Bazin (sculptor)
- Henri Alphonse Barnoin
- Henri Guinier
- Lionel Floch
- List of the works of Charles Cottet depicting scenes of Brittany
- List of works of the two Folgoët ateliers
References
[edit]- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Quimper". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
- ^ Paris, Nice, Strasbourg, Brest
- ^ "Normales climatiques 1981-2010 : Quimper". www.lameteo.org. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "Climate of Quimper 1981-2010" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "07201: Quimper (France)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ "Normales et records pour Quimper (29)". Meteociel. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Quimper, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ (in French) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue
- ^ "Diwan e sifroù". www.diwan.bzh (in Breton). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
- ^ "Quimper Property Listings and Info". www.frenchpropertylinks.com.
- ^ Hervé Gourmelon, Le chevalier de Kerlérec, 1704–1770: L'affaire de la louisiane, second edition (Rennes : Les Portes du large, 2004), 14.
- ^ "Jumelages". quimper.bzh (in French). Quimper. Retrieved 15 November 2019.