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{{Short description|Earthquake near Chile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox earthquake
{{Infobox earthquake
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| caption =
| caption =
| magnitude = 8.2 [[moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name=EQS>{{cite web|title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary|work=[[United States Geological Survey]]|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
| magnitude = 8.2 [[moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name=EQS>{{cite web|title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary|work=[[United States Geological Survey]]|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
| PGA = 1.05 ''[[peak ground acceleration|g]]''<ref>{{cite web | title=Registros instrumentales evento del 2014-04-01 23:46:45 | url=http://evtdb.csn.uchile.cl/event/6c5752b76db0f46280949a79863b4d67 | publisher=Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN) | accessdate=19 January 2023}}</ref>
| PGA =
| type = [[Megathrust]]
| aftershocks =
| depth = {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=EQS/>
| depth = {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=EQS/>
| location = {{coord|19.610|S|70.769|W}}<ref name=EQS/>
| location = {{coord|19.610|S|70.769|W}}<ref name=EQS/>
| countries affected = Chile, Peru, Bolivia
| countries affected = [[Chile]], [[Peru]]
| duration = 3 minutes
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}
| tsunami = {{Convert|4.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| tsunami = {{Convert|4.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| casualties = 11 dead, 209 injured
| casualties = [[Chile]]: 6 dead<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/chile-earthquake-2-dead-3-seriously-injured-1.2594894|title=Chile earthquake: 2 dead, 3 seriously injured|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=2 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Jonathan |last1=Franklin |first2=Helen |last2=Davidson |first3=Paul |last3=Farrell |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/02/tsunami-warning-for-chile-sparks-evacuation-live-updates#block-533b7fe6e4b01f464063dec0 |title=Chile earthquake triggers tsunami warning and evacuation – live updates |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="TIME Magazine Report"/><br />[[Peru]]: 9 injured<ref>{{cite news |url=http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ |title=Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning |newspaper=Earthquake-Report.com}}</ref>
| damage = 2,500 homes damaged
| damage = 8,300 homes damaged<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/>
}}
}}


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There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of {{M|w|link=y}} 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/quake-hits-chile/6505715/|title=Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2014/03/16-2116-30L.S201403.html |title=Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible) |publisher=Sismologia.cl |date=16 March 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish}}</ref> The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} in length instead of the expected {{convert|600|km|abbr=on}} rupture.<ref>[http://www.estrellaiquique.cl/impresa/2014/04/02/papel/ "La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5]</ref> The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984 |title=Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile |newspaper=BBC News |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref> The intensity reached intensity [[Modified Mercalli scale|VIII (''Severe'')]] in Iquique, Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#dyfi_resp |title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=4 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>
There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of {{M|w|link=y}} 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/quake-hits-chile/6505715/|title=Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2014/03/16-2116-30L.S201403.html |title=Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible) |publisher=Sismologia.cl |date=16 March 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish}}</ref> The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} in length instead of the expected {{convert|600|km|abbr=on}} rupture.<ref>[http://www.estrellaiquique.cl/impresa/2014/04/02/papel/ "La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5]</ref> The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984 |title=Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile |newspaper=BBC News |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref> The intensity reached intensity [[Modified Mercalli scale|VIII (''Severe'')]] in Iquique, Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#dyfi_resp |title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=4 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>

⚫
===Effects===
⚫
Four men died of heart attacks and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.<ref>[http://www.estrellaiquique.cl/impresa/2014/04/04/full/10/ "La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10]</ref> Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of [[Arica y Parinacota Region|Arica y Parinacota]] and [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Génesis |last1=Moreno |first2=María |last2=Paz Núñez |url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml |title=Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio) |newspaper=La Tercera |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish}}</ref>

⚫
During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26855734 |date=2 April 2014 |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique |newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>

[[File:2014 Iquique Earthquake ShakeMap.jpg|thumb|[[:wikt:shakemap|ShakeMap]] provided by the [[United States Geological Survey]]]]

According to the Peruvian emergency services, nine people were slightly injured, seven households have been affected, one temple has collapsed and electricity outages in the affected regions of [[Tacna]], [[Moquegua]] and [[Arequipa]] occurred, which were restored later. {{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

===Aftershocks===
===Aftershocks===
There were several significant [[aftershock]]s above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.
There were several significant [[aftershock]]s above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.
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| 2 April at 23:43:13
| 2 April at 23:43:13
| 7.7
| 7.7
| VII
| IX
| {{convert|22.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|22.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|53|km|mi|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique
| {{convert|53|km|mi|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique
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==Tsunami==
==Tsunami==
[[File:2014 Iquique earthquake NOAA tsunami travel time projection 2014-04-01.jpg|thumb|Travel time projection of the tsunami]]
[[File:2014 Iquique earthquake NOAA tsunami travel time projection 2014-04-01.jpg|thumb|Travel time projection of the tsunami]]
Under advice from the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]], tsunami warnings were issued for the [[Latin America]]n Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.<ref name="TIME Magazine Report">{{cite news|url = http://time.com/46206/chile-earthquake/|title = Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile|date = 1 April 2014|accessdate = 2 April 2014|website = Time|last = Stout|first = David|last2 = Winograd|first2 = David}}</ref><ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert"/><ref name="Pacific Tsunami Warning and Watch">{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 | publisher=[[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] | date=1 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of {{Convert|4.63|m|ft|abbr=on}} in [[Arica]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5557|publisher=NGDC}}</ref><ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/pacific-tsunami-waves-hit-chile-after-an-earthquake-measuring-8-3/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
Under advice from the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]], tsunami warnings were issued for the [[Latin America]]n Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.<ref name="TIME Magazine Report">{{cite magazine|url = http://time.com/46206/chile-earthquake/|title = Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile|date = 1 April 2014|accessdate = 2 April 2014|magazine = Time|last1 = Stout|first1 = David|last2 = Winograd|first2 = David}}</ref><ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert"/><ref name="Pacific Tsunami Warning and Watch">{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 | publisher=[[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] | date=1 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402005014/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of {{Convert|4.63|m|ft|abbr=on}} in [[Arica]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5557|publisher=NGDC}}</ref><ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/pacific-tsunami-waves-hit-chile-after-an-earthquake-measuring-8-3/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>


The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.<ref name="HIadvisory">{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402035225/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="HIadvisoryCancellation">{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402174627/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/japan-hit-by-tsunami-waves-on-april-3-after-chilean-earthquake/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> The tsunami reached {{convert|60|cm|ft}} high in [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]], [[Iwate Prefecture]], Japan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG43116BG42UTIL03Z.html |title=60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測 チリ地震) |publisher=Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞) |date=3 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Japanese}}</ref>
The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402044628/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.<ref name="HIadvisory">{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402035225/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="HIadvisoryCancellation">{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=2 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402174627/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 | archive-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/japan-hit-by-tsunami-waves-on-april-3-after-chilean-earthquake/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> The tsunami reached {{convert|60|cm|ft}} high in [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]], [[Iwate Prefecture]], Japan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG43116BG42UTIL03Z.html |title=60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測 チリ地震) |publisher=Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞) |date=3 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Japanese}}</ref>
==Impact==
⚫
===Chile===
Five people died of indirect causes<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.<ref>[http://www.estrellaiquique.cl/impresa/2014/04/04/full/10/ "La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10]</ref> An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to [[hypothermia]], after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/>


⚫
In [[Iquique]], over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in [[Arica]].<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of [[Arica y Parinacota Region|Arica y Parinacota]] and [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Génesis |last1=Moreno |first2=María |last2=Paz Núñez |url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml |title=Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio) |newspaper=La Tercera |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish |archive-date=3 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403013014/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

⚫
During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26855734 |date=2 April 2014 |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique |newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
===Peru===
In southern [[Peru]], nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.<ref name="EQ_RPRT">{{cite news |url=http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ |title=Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning |newspaper=Earthquake-Report.com |access-date=7 April 2014 |archive-date=7 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607234852/http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
* [[1868 Arica earthquake]]
* [[1868 Arica earthquake]]
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*[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile] – [[United States Geological Survey]]
*[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile] – [[United States Geological Survey]]
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-26846984 Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile] – [[BBC News]]
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-26846984 Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile] – [[BBC News]]
*[https://abcnews.go.com/International/strong-earthquake-hits-off-chile/story?id=23151710 5 Dead After Powerful Quake Strikes Off Chile's Coast] – [[ABC News]]
*[https://abcnews.go.com/International/strong-earthquake-hits-off-chile/story?id=23151710 5 Dead After Powerful Quake Strikes Off Chile's Coast] – [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]
*[http://cnnworldlive.cnn.com/Event/Powerful_earthquake_strikes_off_Chile Powerful earthquake strikes off Chile] – [[CNN]]
*[http://cnnworldlive.cnn.com/Event/Powerful_earthquake_strikes_off_Chile Powerful earthquake strikes off Chile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403133549/http://cnnworldlive.cnn.com/Event/Powerful_earthquake_strikes_off_Chile |date=3 April 2014 }} – [[CNN]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhvfbjCIiXo Tsunami Animation: Iquique, Chile, 1 April 2014 ] – [[National Tsunami Warning Center]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhvfbjCIiXo Tsunami Animation: Iquique, Chile, 1 April 2014 ] – [[National Tsunami Warning Center]]
*{{EQ-isc-link|610102185}}
*{{EQ-isc-link|610102185}}
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[[Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Chile|2014 Iquique]]
[[Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Chile|2014 Iquique]]
[[Category:2014 earthquakes]]
[[Category:2014 earthquakes]]
[[Category:2014 in Chile]]
[[Category:2014 disasters in Chile]]
[[Category:History of Tarapacá Region]]
[[Category:History of Tarapacá Region]]
[[Category:Iquique Province]]
[[Category:Iquique Province]]
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[[Category:Earthquakes in Chile|2014 Iquique]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Chile|2014 Iquique]]
[[Category:Iquique]]
[[Category:Iquique]]
[[Category:Modern history of Chile]]
[[Category:April 2014 events in South America]]
[[Category:April 2014 events in South America]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 10 October 2024

2014 Iquique earthquake
2014 Iquique earthquake is located in South America
Iquique
Iquique
Santiago
Santiago
2014 Iquique earthquake
UTC time2014-04-01 23:46:47
ISC event610102185
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date1 April 2014 (2014-04-01)
Local time20:46 CST (UTC-03:00)
Duration3 minutes
Magnitude8.2 Mw[1]
Depth25 km (16 mi)[1]
Epicenter19°36′36″S 70°46′08″W / 19.610°S 70.769°W / -19.610; -70.769[1]
TypeMegathrust
Areas affectedChile, Peru
Total damage8,300 homes damaged[2]
Max. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)
Peak acceleration1.05 g[3]
Tsunami4.6 m (15 ft)
Casualties11 dead, 209 injured

The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC).[4][5] The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Iquique.[1] The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The megathrust earthquake triggered a tsunami of up to 2.11 metres (6.9 ft) that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).[6] Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of Pisagua and Arica.[7]

Geology

[edit]
See also: Peru–Chile Trench

A number of mid-sized quakes struck the same area in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the boundary of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.[1]

Earthquake

[edit]
See also: List of earthquakes in Chile

There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of Mw 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.[8][9] The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of 200 km (120 mi) in length instead of the expected 600 km (370 mi) rupture.[10] The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.[11] The intensity reached intensity VIII (Severe) in Iquique, Chile.[12]

Aftershocks

[edit]

There were several significant aftershocks above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.

Time (local) M I Depth Epicenter
1 April at 20:57:58 6.9 VI 28.4 km (17.6 mi) 91 km (57 mi) WNW of Iquique [13]
2 April at 22:58:30 6.5 VI 24.1 km (15.0 mi) 46 km (29 mi) WSW of Iquique [14]
2 April at 23:43:13 7.7 IX 22.4 km (13.9 mi) 53 km (33 mi) SW of Iquique [15]
3 April at 02:26:15 6.4 VI 25 km (16 mi) 78 km (48 mi) SW of Iquique [16]

Associated events

[edit]

Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.[17] A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the Nazca Plate (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.[18]

Tsunami

[edit]
Travel time projection of the tsunami

Under advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, tsunami warnings were issued for the Latin American Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.[19][4][20] Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of 4.63 m (15.2 ft) in Arica.[21][6]

The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.[22] The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.[23][24] On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.[25] The tsunami reached 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) high in Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.[26]

Impact

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Chile

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Five people died of indirect causes[2] and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.[27] An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to hypothermia, after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.[2]

In Iquique, over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in Arica.[2] Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá.[28]

During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.[29]

Peru

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In southern Peru, nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning". Earthquake-Report.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  3. ^ "Registros instrumentales evento del 2014-04-01 23:46:45". Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN). Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile". BBC. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  5. ^ Shabner, Dean (1 April 2014). "8.2-Magnitude Earthquake Off Chile Triggers Tsunami". ABC News. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  6. ^ a b "Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  7. ^ Tsunami Message Number 6 Archived 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014
  8. ^ "Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated". USA Today.
  9. ^ "Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible)" (in Spanish). Sismologia.cl. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  10. ^ "La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5
  11. ^ "Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile". BBC News. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  12. ^ "M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC". U.S. Geological Survey. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  13. ^ USGS. "M6.9 - 91km WNW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
  14. ^ USGS. "M6.5 - 46km WSW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
  15. ^ USGS. "M7.7 - 53km SW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
  16. ^ USGS. "M6.4 - 78km SW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
  17. ^ Lubick, Naomi (March 2003). "Triggered Swarms: How Big Quakes Can Cause Small Quakes Far Away". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 April 2014.(subscription required)
  18. ^ "M6.0 - 52km S of Pedregal, Panama 2014-04-02 16:13:27 UTC". U.S. Geological Survey. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  19. ^ Stout, David; Winograd, David (1 April 2014). "Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile". Time. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  20. ^ "Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  21. ^ "Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE". NGDC.
  22. ^ "Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  23. ^ "Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  24. ^ "Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  25. ^ "Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  26. ^ "60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測 チリ地震)" (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞). 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  27. ^ "La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10
  28. ^ Moreno, Génesis; Paz Núñez, María (2 April 2014). "Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio)". La Tercera (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  29. ^ Amos, Jonathan (2 April 2014). "Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique". BBC News.

Further reading

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