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{{Short description|Species of shrub}}
{{Short description|Species of shrub}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with ''[[Psidium cattleianum]]'', also known as strawberry guava}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with ''[[Psidium cattleianum]]'', also known as strawberry guava}}
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{{More citations needed|date=March 2010}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ugni molinae.jpg
|image = Ugni molinae.jpg
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'''''Ugni molinae''''', commonly known as '''Chilean guava berry''',<ref name=GRIN/> or '''strawberry myrtle''',<ref name=GRIN/> is a [[shrub]] native to [[Chile]] and adjacent regions of southern [[Argentina]]. The local Spanish name is ''murta'', and the [[Mapuche]] [[Indigenous people of the Americas|Native American]] name is ''"Uñi"'' or ''Uñiberry''. It is in the same botanical [[Family (biology)|family]] as the [[guava]].
'''''Ugni molinae''''', commonly known as '''Chilean guava berry''',<ref name=GRIN/> or '''strawberry myrtle''',<ref name=GRIN/> is a [[shrub]] native to [[Chile]] and adjacent regions of southern [[Argentina]]. The local Spanish name is ''murta'', and the [[Mapuche]] [[Indigenous people of the Americas|Native American]] name is ''"uñi"''.{{fact|date=March 2010}} It is in the same botanical [[Family (biology)|family]] as the [[guava]], in [[Myrtaceae]].


The fruit is sometimes marketed as "Ugniberry", as "New Zealand cranberry" in [[New Zealand]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Venture Southland|title=New Zealand Cranberry (''Myrtus ugni'')|url=http://www.southlandnz.com/BusinessinSouthland/CropsforSouthland/CropDataSheets/BerryFruits/NewZealandCranberry.aspx}}</ref> and the name "Tazziberry" has been trademarked in [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/items/05-189|author=M. Forbes-Smith|year=2006|title=TazziberryTM (''Myrtus ugni'') – Production protocols: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation|publisher=Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation}}</ref> but it is not a [[native plant]] to these countries.
The fruit is sometimes marketed as "Ugniberry", as "New Zealand cranberry" in [[New Zealand]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Venture Southland|title=New Zealand Cranberry (''Myrtus ugni'')|url=http://www.southlandnz.com/BusinessinSouthland/CropsforSouthland/CropDataSheets/BerryFruits/NewZealandCranberry.aspx}}</ref> and the name "Tazziberry" has been trademarked in [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/items/05-189|author=M. Forbes-Smith|year=2006|title=TazziberryTM (''Myrtus ugni'') – Production protocols: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation|publisher=Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation}}</ref> but it is not a [[native plant]] to these countries.


==Description==
==Description==
⚫
[[File:Chilean guava New Zealand cranberries no stalks.jpg|thumb|150px|Berries picked and destalked ready for cooking]]
⚫
{{More citations needed|section|date=March 2010}}
''Ugni'' is a [[shrub]] from 30&nbsp;cm to 170&nbsp;cm tall with [[evergreen]] foliage. In some exceptional cases, the shrub can grow up to 3 m in height. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, oval, 1–2&nbsp;cm long and 1-1.5&nbsp;cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The [[flower]]s are drooping, 1&nbsp;cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the [[fruit]] is a small red, white or purple [[berry (botany)|berry]] 1&nbsp;cm diameter. In its natural habitat, the [[Valdivian temperate rain forests]], the fruit matures in autumn from March to May.
''Ugni'' is a [[shrub]] from 30&nbsp;cm to 170&nbsp;cm tall with [[evergreen]] foliage. In some exceptional cases, the shrub can grow up to 3 m in height. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, oval, 1–2&nbsp;cm long and 1-1.5&nbsp;cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The [[flower]]s are drooping, 1&nbsp;cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the [[fruit]] is a small red, white or purple [[berry (botany)|berry]] 1&nbsp;cm diameter. In its natural habitat, the [[Valdivian temperate rain forests]], the fruit matures in autumn from March to May.


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It was first described by [[Juan Ignacio Molina]] (hence its name) in 1782. It was introduced to [[England]] in 1844 by the botanist and plant collector [[William Lobb]], where it became a favorite fruit of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Diacono|first=Mark|date=2010-12-13|title=How to grow and cook Chilean guava|url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/13/how-grow-cook-chilean-guava|access-date=2021-06-03|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> It is also grown as an [[ornamental plant]].
It was first described by [[Juan Ignacio Molina]] (hence its name) in 1782. It was introduced to [[England]] in 1844 by the botanist and plant collector [[William Lobb]], where it became a favorite fruit of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Diacono|first=Mark|date=2010-12-13|title=How to grow and cook Chilean guava|url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/13/how-grow-cook-chilean-guava|access-date=2021-06-03|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> It is also grown as an [[ornamental plant]].


Sometime prior to 1896 ''Ugni molinae'' was introduced to [[Robinson Crusoe Island]] where it became an invasive species colonizing open patches and forming dense [[shrubland|brushes]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Parches invadidos por Ugni molinae en isla Robinson Crusoe: ¿Hay plantas nativas y endémicas capaces de vivir en ellos? |journal=[[Gayana. Botánica]] |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-66432019000100126&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |last=Alarcón |first=Diego |issue=1 |volume=76 |last2=López-Sepúlveda |first2=Patricio |year=2019 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Ugni molinae invaded patches in Robinson Crusoe Island: Are there native and endemic plants able to live within them? |last3=Fuentes |first3=Glenda |last4=Montoya |first4=Hellen |last5=Peñailillo |first5=Patricio|last6=Carrasco |first6=Pedro|doi=10.4067/S0717-66432019000100126}}</ref>
Sometime prior to 1896 ''Ugni molinae'' was introduced to [[Robinson Crusoe Island]] where it became an invasive species colonizing open patches and forming dense [[shrubland|brushes]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Parches invadidos por Ugni molinae en isla Robinson Crusoe: ¿Hay plantas nativas y endémicas capaces de vivir en ellos? |journal=[[Gayana. Botánica]] |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-66432019000100126&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |last1=Alarcón |first1=Diego |issue=1 |volume=76 |last2=López-Sepúlveda |first2=Patricio |year=2019 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Ugni molinae invaded patches in Robinson Crusoe Island: Are there native and endemic plants able to live within them? |last3=Fuentes |first3=Glenda |last4=Montoya |first4=Hellen |last5=Peñailillo |first5=Patricio|last6=Carrasco |first6=Pedro|pages=126–131 |doi=10.4067/S0717-66432019000100126|doi-access=free }}</ref>


The fruit is cultivated to a small extent. The usage of the fruit in cuisine is limited to [[Zona Sur, Chile|southern Chile]] where it grows natively as well as in small-scale commercial agriculture in New Zealand. It is used to make the traditional [[liqueur]] [[Murtado]] that is made of [[aguardiente]] and sugar flavoured by conserving ''murtas'' inside the bottle. It is also used to make jam and the [[murta con membrillo]] [[dessert]] and in [[Kuchen]].<ref name=":0" />
The fruit is cultivated to a small extent. The usage of the fruit in cuisine is limited to [[Zona Sur, Chile|southern Chile]] where it grows natively as well as in small-scale commercial agriculture in New Zealand. It is used to make the traditional [[liqueur]] [[Murtado]] that is made of [[aguardiente]] and sugar flavoured by conserving ''murtas'' inside the bottle. It is also used to make jam and the [[murta con membrillo]] [[dessert]] and in [[Kuchen]].<ref name=":0" />

Considered an invasive species in the [[Juan Fernández Islands|Juan Fernandez Islands]], the [[Juan Fernandez Women's Group]] has led efforts to support local women to harvest to berries and create products to sell with them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Archipiélago de Juan Fernández: el tesoro del mar chileno y su lucha por la conservación |url=https://laderasur.com/articulo/archipielago-de-juan-fernandez-y-su-lucha-por-la-conservacion/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Ladera Sur |language=es}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
[[File:Chilean guava New Zealand cranberries no stalks.jpg|thumb|Berries picked and destalked ready for cooking]]


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Rosids of Argentina]]
[[Category:Rosids of Argentina]]
[[Category:Rosids of Chile]]
[[Category:Rosids of Chile]]
[[Category:Flora of the Valdivian temperate rainforest]]
[[Category:Flora of the Valdivian temperate forests]]

Latest revision as of 09:00, 9 October 2024

Not to be confused with Psidium cattleianum, also known as strawberry guava

Ugni molinae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Ugni
Species:
U. molinae
Binomial name
Ugni molinae
Synonyms[1]
  • Eugenia ugni Hook. & Arn.
  • Myrtus molinae Barnéoud ex Gay
  • Myrtus ugni Molina

Ugni molinae, commonly known as Chilean guava berry,[1] or strawberry myrtle,[1] is a shrub native to Chile and adjacent regions of southern Argentina. The local Spanish name is murta, and the Mapuche Native American name is "uñi".[citation needed] It is in the same botanical family as the guava, in Myrtaceae.

The fruit is sometimes marketed as "Ugniberry", as "New Zealand cranberry" in New Zealand,[2] and the name "Tazziberry" has been trademarked in Australia,[3] but it is not a native plant to these countries.

Description

[edit]
Berries picked and destalked ready for cooking

Ugni is a shrub from 30 cm to 170 cm tall with evergreen foliage. In some exceptional cases, the shrub can grow up to 3 m in height. The leaves are opposite, oval, 1–2 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The flowers are drooping, 1 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the fruit is a small red, white or purple berry 1 cm diameter. In its natural habitat, the Valdivian temperate rain forests, the fruit matures in autumn from March to May.

History

[edit]

It was first described by Juan Ignacio Molina (hence its name) in 1782. It was introduced to England in 1844 by the botanist and plant collector William Lobb, where it became a favorite fruit of Queen Victoria.[4] It is also grown as an ornamental plant.

Sometime prior to 1896 Ugni molinae was introduced to Robinson Crusoe Island where it became an invasive species colonizing open patches and forming dense brushes.[5]

The fruit is cultivated to a small extent. The usage of the fruit in cuisine is limited to southern Chile where it grows natively as well as in small-scale commercial agriculture in New Zealand. It is used to make the traditional liqueur Murtado that is made of aguardiente and sugar flavoured by conserving murtas inside the bottle. It is also used to make jam and the murta con membrillo dessert and in Kuchen.[4]

Considered an invasive species in the Juan Fernandez Islands, the Juan Fernandez Women's Group has led efforts to support local women to harvest to berries and create products to sell with them.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Ugni molinae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  2. ^ "New Zealand Cranberry (Myrtus ugni)". Venture Southland.
  3. ^ M. Forbes-Smith (2006). "TazziberryTM (Myrtus ugni) – Production protocols: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation". Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.
  4. ^ a b Diacono, Mark (2010-12-13). "How to grow and cook Chilean guava". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
  5. ^ Alarcón, Diego; López-Sepúlveda, Patricio; Fuentes, Glenda; Montoya, Hellen; Peñailillo, Patricio; Carrasco, Pedro (2019). "Parches invadidos por Ugni molinae en isla Robinson Crusoe: ¿Hay plantas nativas y endémicas capaces de vivir en ellos?" [Ugni molinae invaded patches in Robinson Crusoe Island: Are there native and endemic plants able to live within them?]. Gayana. Botánica (in Spanish). 76 (1): 126–131. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432019000100126.
  6. ^ "Archipiélago de Juan Fernández: el tesoro del mar chileno y su lucha por la conservación". Ladera Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-10-07.
[edit]
Look up ugniberry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Media related to Ugni molinae at Wikimedia Commons

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