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{{short description|Belgian colonial administrator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Camille-Aimé Coquilhat
| name = Camille-Aimé Coquilhat
| image = [[File:Stanley Founding of Congo Free State 267 Lieutenant Coquilhat.jpg|200px]]
| image = Camille Coquilhat - Eug Westendorp Westendorp Eug btv1b8453557w (cropped).jpg
| alt = Portrait photograph of a young man wearing a military uniform which a prominent moustache
| alt = Portrait photograph of a young man wearing a military uniform with a prominent moustache
| caption = Portait of Coquilhat from [[Henry Morton Stanley]]'s ''The Congo and The Founding of its Free State'' (1885).
| caption = Portrait of Coquilhat from [[Henry Morton Stanley]]'s ''The Congo and The Founding of its Free State'' (1885).
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1853|10|15}}{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1853|10|15|df=y}}{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
| birth_place = [[Liège]], [[Belgium]]
| birth_place = [[Liège]], Belgium
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1891|03|24|1853|10|15}}{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1891|03|24|1853|10|15|df=y}}{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
| death_place = [[Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boma]], [[Congo Free State]]<br/><small>(modern-day [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]])</small>
| death_place = [[Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boma]], [[Congo Free State]]<br/><small>(modern-day [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]])</small>
| nationality = Belgian
| nationality = Belgian
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}}
}}


Captain '''Camille-Aimé Coquilhat''' (1853&ndash;1891) was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[soldier]], explorer and colonial [[civil servant]] who finished his career as [[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|Vice Governor-General]] of the [[Congo Free State]] from 1890 until his death in 1891. He was notably an associate of [[Henry Morton Stanley]] during his expeditions in the [[Haut-Congo]] during the mid-1880s.
Captain '''Camille-Aimé Coquilhat''' (1853–1891) was a Belgian soldier, explorer and colonial civil servant who finished his career as [[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|Vice Governor-General]] of the [[Congo Free State]] from 1890 until his death in 1891. He was notably an associate of [[Henry Morton Stanley]] during his expeditions in the [[Haut-Congo]] during the mid-1880s.


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Sur le Haut-Congo (1888) (14577233958).jpg|upright|left|thumb|Coquilhat, pictured with the Bangala chief Mata-Buiké in {{circa}}1888]]
Born in [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] in 1853 to a family of [[France|French]] origin, Coquilhat volunteered in the [[French Army]] during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–71).{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} He returned to Belgium after the war where he became a junior officer in the [[Belgian Army]]. In 1882, he volunteered to join the [[International African Association]]'s expedition in [[Haut-Congo]] led by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] and served with Stanleyville until 1894.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} After this, he was involved in setting up colonial stations among the [[Bangala people]] in the [[Equateur Province|Equateur region]] of the future [[Congo Free State]] (modern-day [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]).{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} Returning to Belgium for health reasons in 1885, he returned to the Congo in 1886 where he was briefly involved with fighting against the Eastern Congolese "Arabs" in the [[Boyoma Falls|Stanley Falls]]. Later the same year, he was forced to return to Belgium again for health reasons where he stayed until 1890, becoming an official in the colonial administration. In 1889, Coquilhat was proposed as a replacement for [[Camille Janssen]] as [[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|Governor-General of the Congo Free State]], the most senior administrative position, and sent to Congo again. Coquilhat died of [[malaria]] shortly after his arrival in the Congo at [[Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boma]] on 24 March 1891.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} His body was repatriated to Belgium where he was buried in [[Antwerp]].{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
Camille-Aimé Coquilhat was born into a family of French origin in [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] on 15 October 1853. He volunteered for service in the [[Third French Republic|French Republic]]'s [[Army of the North (France)|Army of the North]] during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–71).{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} He returned to Belgium after the conflict where he became a junior officer in the [[Belgian Army]]. In 1882, he volunteered to join the [[International African Association]] (IAA) expedition to [[Haut-Congo]] led by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] and served at [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]] until 1884.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} After this, he was involved in setting up colonial stations among the [[Bangala language|Bangala]] people in the [[Équateur (former province)|Équateur region]] of the future [[Congo Free State]] (modern-day [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]).{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} Returning to Belgium for health reasons in 1885, he returned to the Congo in 1886 where he was briefly involved with fighting against the Eastern Congolese "Arabs" in the [[Boyoma Falls|Stanley Falls]]. Later the same year, he was forced to return to Belgium again for health reasons where he stayed until 1890, becoming an official in the colonial administration. In 1889, Coquilhat was proposed as a replacement for [[Camille Janssen]] as [[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|Governor-General of the Congo Free State]], the most senior administrative position, and sent to Congo again. Coquilhat died of [[malaria]] at [[Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boma]] on 24 March 1891 shortly after his return to the Congo.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} His body was repatriated to Belgium where he was buried in [[Antwerp]].{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}


In Belgium, Coquilhat was celebrated as one of the "pioneers" of the Congo Free State and a town, previously known as Équateurville, was renamed [[Mbandaka|Coquilhatville]] in his honour.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} Today Coquilhatville [[Former place names in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|is known]] as Mbandaka.
In Belgium, Coquilhat was celebrated as one of the "pioneers" of the Congo Free State and a town, previously known as Équateurville, was renamed [[Mbandaka|Coquilhatville]] (Coquilhatstad in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]) in his honour.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}} Coquilhatville [[Former place names in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|was subsequently renamed]] as [[Mbandaka]].


==Works==
== Publication ==

*''Sur le Haut-Congo''. Paris, 1888.{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}
* ''Sur le Haut-Congo''. Paris: Lebègue, 1888.{{sfn|Revue encylopédique|1891}}

== See also ==

* {{slink|Cannibalism in Africa#Congo Basin}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}

⚫
== Bibliography ==
*{{cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}}|last=Engels|first=A.|title = Coquilhat (Camille-Aimé) | encyclopedia =Biographie Coloniale Belge | year = 1948 | publisher = Institut royal colonial belge | location = Brussels| volume = 1| id = | url= http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/bbom/Tome_I/Coquilhat.Camille_Aime.pdf|page =250–60}}
⚫
*{{cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Revue encylopédique|1891}}| title = Coquilhat (Camille-Aimé) | encyclopedia = Revue encyclopédique: recueil documentaire universel et illustré | year = 1891 | publisher = Librairie Larousse | location = Paris | id = | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k213588s/f380.item.zoom|pages=377–8}}


⚫
== External links ==
⚫
===Bibliography===
{{commonscat}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1948}}|title=Coquilhat (Camille-Aime)|url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/bbom/Tome_I/Coquilhat.Camille_Aime.pdf|website=KAOWARSOM|publisher=Biographie Coloniale Belge (1948)|accessdate=12 August 2016}}
⚫
*{{cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Revue encylopédique|1891}}| title = Coquilhat (Camille-Aimé) | encyclopedia = Revue encyclopédique: recueil documentaire universel et illustré | year = 1891 | publisher = | location = | id = | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k213588s/f380.item.zoom}}


* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122065906/http://www.congoposte.be/coquilhat.htm |title=Camille-Aimé Coquilhat |date=22 January 2008 }}, Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi
⚫
==External links==
* [http://www.congoposte.be/gouver_con.htm Gouverneurs du Congo]
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Congo-Kinshasa.html Congo (Kinshasa)], WorldStatesmen.org
* [http://www.congoposte.be/coquilhat.htm Camille-Aimé Coquilhat]
* [https://archives.africamuseum.be/agents/people/272 Archive Camille Coquilhat], Royal Museum for Central Africa
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Congo-Kinshasa.html Congo (Kinshasa)]


{{Colonial heads of Congo}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Liège]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Liège]]
[[Category:Belgian soldiers]]
[[Category:Belgian soldiers]]
[[Category:Belgian civil servants]]
[[Category:19th-century Belgian civil servants]]
[[Category:Congo Free State officials]]
[[Category:Congo Free State officials]]
[[Category:Belgian people of French descent]]
[[Category:Belgian people of French descent]]
[[Category:Deaths from malaria]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War]]
[[Category:Mbandaka]]
[[Category:Royal Military Academy (Belgium) alumni]]
[[Category:International Association of the Congo]]

Latest revision as of 09:19, 6 October 2024

Camille-Aimé Coquilhat
Portrait photograph of a young man wearing a military uniform with a prominent moustache
Portrait of Coquilhat from Henry Morton Stanley's The Congo and The Founding of its Free State (1885).
Born(1853-10-15)15 October 1853[1]
Liège, Belgium
Died24 March 1891(1891-03-24) (aged 37)[1]
Boma, Congo Free State
(modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo)
NationalityBelgian
Occupation(s)Soldier, civil servant, writer

Captain Camille-Aimé Coquilhat (1853–1891) was a Belgian soldier, explorer and colonial civil servant who finished his career as Vice Governor-General of the Congo Free State from 1890 until his death in 1891. He was notably an associate of Henry Morton Stanley during his expeditions in the Haut-Congo during the mid-1880s.

Career

[edit]
Coquilhat, pictured with the Bangala chief Mata-Buiké in c.1888

Camille-Aimé Coquilhat was born into a family of French origin in Liège, Belgium on 15 October 1853. He volunteered for service in the French Republic's Army of the North during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71).[1][2] He returned to Belgium after the conflict where he became a junior officer in the Belgian Army. In 1882, he volunteered to join the International African Association (IAA) expedition to Haut-Congo led by Henry Morton Stanley and served at Stanleyville until 1884.[2] After this, he was involved in setting up colonial stations among the Bangala people in the Équateur region of the future Congo Free State (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo).[2] Returning to Belgium for health reasons in 1885, he returned to the Congo in 1886 where he was briefly involved with fighting against the Eastern Congolese "Arabs" in the Stanley Falls. Later the same year, he was forced to return to Belgium again for health reasons where he stayed until 1890, becoming an official in the colonial administration. In 1889, Coquilhat was proposed as a replacement for Camille Janssen as Governor-General of the Congo Free State, the most senior administrative position, and sent to Congo again. Coquilhat died of malaria at Boma on 24 March 1891 shortly after his return to the Congo.[2] His body was repatriated to Belgium where he was buried in Antwerp.[1]

In Belgium, Coquilhat was celebrated as one of the "pioneers" of the Congo Free State and a town, previously known as Équateurville, was renamed Coquilhatville (Coquilhatstad in Dutch) in his honour.[2] Coquilhatville was subsequently renamed as Mbandaka.

Publication

[edit]
  • Sur le Haut-Congo. Paris: Lebègue, 1888.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Revue encylopédique 1891.
  2. ^ a b c d e Biographie Coloniale Belge 1948.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Engels, A. (1948). "Coquilhat (Camille-Aimé)" (PDF). Biographie Coloniale Belge. Vol. 1. Brussels: Institut royal colonial belge. p. 250–60.
  • "Coquilhat (Camille-Aimé)". Revue encyclopédique: recueil documentaire universel et illustré. Paris: Librairie Larousse. 1891. pp. 377–8.
[edit]
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