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Additional lexical sets - the PASTA / ATLATL vowel (æ~ɑː) for loan [a] (for loan [aː], both countries use the PALM vowel), the ROSES vowel (schwi ᵻ) and the WILLOW vowel (schwu ᵿ~ɵ).

For the first, a monosyllabic key word would be best, but the only one I can think of is Mann, which wouldn't be clear in speach.

fontname:ss06&cv03 Stylistic set (1 to 20) and character variant

Suggestions for phonemic distinctions that don't have distinct letters.

Dental consonants

ꞇ ꝺ (τ ẟ)	ꝷ ꝱ	t̪ d̪	c ɟ
θ ð		(θ͇ ð͇)	ç ʝ
ς ζ		s̪ z̪	ɕ ʑ
𝼦/⁊	ꝲ	l̪	ʎ
𝼧	ꝴ	n̪	ɲ
(𝼨)	ꝵ	r̪
(ꭋ)	ꝵ	ɾ̪
(_ð) (ᴆ)	ð̞	ɹ̪	j

/t̪ d̪ s̪ z̪ n̪ l̪ r̪/ all contrastive, esp. if 'dental' includes laminal. [Alan Hall (1997) Phonology of Coronals, Rhotics, claims /r/ may be dental or alveolar, but there can be no contrast within a language; vd. Fig. 25.] In the 1989 Kiel convention, dental characters were proposed for [t̪ d̪ n̪ l̪ r̪] (ignoring [s̪ z̪], which are contrastive in e.g. Basque laminal dental vs apical alveolar). The flap ɾ̪ is thus probably not needed, and the approximant [ð̞] has likewise been found unnecessary despite many requests. The proposed characters were the alveolars with a left arm – thus ⟨ƌ⟩ for [d̪] and ꭋ n for [n̪] derived from Pullum. However, while there was 30% support for dental characters in the run-up to the convention (8/25 respondents), the proposed characters got only 4% support (1 respondent – presumably the proposer). They were not very distinct from the other t- and d-based letters of the IPA, so better to use Greek letters. We may want to make an exception for dental ⟨λ⟩, due to the potential of confusing it with palatal ⟨ʎ⟩ (both occur in Australian languages, for example). ⟨ⱹ⟩ may be a convenient graphic substitute for the lateral flap, if that's ever needed.

ᵷ ɢ

ꝿ ʁ

ϱ ʀ

Protruded front vowels & compressed back vowels

Diacritics may be used, but e.g. ⟨yʷ⟩ and ⟨uᵝ⟩ suggest an off-glide, which may be inaccurate, and are visually distracting.

	Front	Central	Back
Semivowel	j ɥ –	j̈ ɥ̈ ẅ	ɰ ꝡ w
High	i y ỿ	ɨ ɏ ʉ	ɯ ư u
Near high	ɪ ʏ Ỿ	ᵻ ʏ̵ ᵿ (ɪ̈ ʏ̈ ʊ̈)	ʊ

The three-way distinction here is unrounded, inrounded (compressed) and outrounded (protruded/pursed). A four-way distinction of horizontal compression alone vs vertical and horizontal compression is found (e.g. [ɯᵝ] vs [uᵝ] and [ɰᵝ] vs [wᵝ]), but this is probably more detail than distinct letters would be useful for. If they were needed, ⟨ɯ̛⟩, ⟨ư⟩ and ⟨ɰ̛⟩, ⟨w̛⟩ might be used.

Adequate click influx symbols

The current (Lepsius) click letters are incompatible with IPA prosodic notation, Wells has complained that the dental click is frequently confused with el, and publishers do not like to use them with IPA delimiters. The older (Jones) letters were better, but too limited for phonetic transcription, and Jones misanalyzed two of the places of articulation ('retroflex' for alveolar and 'velar' for palatal). An adequate set of symbols would distinguish not just place of articulation and shape of the tongue but whether the click release was abrupt or fricated. This would require more than the six phonemic distinctions or the current five letters designed for them. Because two articulations of the tongue are required, the tongue shapes of coronal clicks do not correlate perfectly to those of plosives, and separate letters are used for clicks where the same IPA letter would be used for plosives (e.g. dental vs alveolar).

Click release ('influx') symbols
affricated bilabial	φ (ꝍ)	ʘ
affricated sublingual (sucking teeth)	ᵹ
affricated laminal denti-alveolar	ꞇ	ǀ
affricated laminal linguolabial	ꞇ̼	ǀ̼
fronted lateral	ꜫ	⫼
abrupt concave alveolar	ψ	ǃ
slapped (sublaminal percussive) alveolar	_ψ	ǃ¡
affricated lateral laminal alveolar	ξ	ǁ
abrupt/palatal lateral	_ξ
affricated subapical retroflex	ʗ	‼
abrupt domed palatal	π	ǂ
affricated (lateral) palatal	_π	ʃ =
affricated velar (back-released)	ʞ

Whether ʃ = or _π is used might depend on whether the click was analyzed as basically a ǃ-click or a ǂ-click. ⟨ꜫ⟩ would be a convenient alt for turned-ξ, or as a third letter if both place (alveolar vs palatal) and manner (affricated vs abrupt) need to be distinguished, or for the click that's been described as intermediate between [ʇ] and [ξ].

⟨ꞇ⟩ would really be a better letter for a dental click, if it's not used for a dental plosive – it resembles Zulu c, graphically it's half a ξ (paralleling the Lepsius letters), and it's the basis for ⟨ᵹ⟩. If pulmonic dental consonants are needed, perhaps ⟨ʇ⟩ and ⟨ꞇ⟩ could swap places.

As with labial-velar consonants, two letters are required to write a click. Distinguish velar-alveolar [k͜π] from uvular-alveolar [q͜π], and simultaneously released [k͜πʰ, q͜πʰ] from delayed release [π͜kʰ, π͜qʰ]. As the click letter is undefined for voicing or nasality, that information may be carried solely by the second letter. For velar clicks: voiceless oral [k͜π], voiced oral [ɡ͜π], voiced nasal [ŋ͜π], voiceless nasal [ŋ̊͜π].

Tie bars are strictly necessary, but may be omitted in loose transcription. They are probably best placed under the consonant, where they are less distracting. For glottalized clicks, two tie bars may be necessary: [ŋ̊͜π͡ʔ] or [ŋ͜π͡ʔ], though [ŋ̊͜πˀ], [ŋ͜πˀ] may be sufficient, even though the latter do not specify full glottal closure.

For back-released clicks, there's the possibility of alveolar-velar [t͜ʞ̃] (or [n̥͜ʞ]?) vs labial-velar [p͜ʞ̃] (or [m̥͜ʞ]?), but this may not be necessary in practice. [ʞ] and [ᵹ] only occur paralexically.

Derivation

The above are Greek or Latinized Greek letters that graphically resemble orthographies for clicks or have iconic connections.

ꞇ (≈ Latin tau) for Greek t and graphically recalls c, linking it to ʇ, c, tsk. Insular ꞇ has distinct capital (which true Greek τ does not) and has a better bowl than Greek τ in many fonts (i.e. it better resembles c). Or perhaps use ᵹ (which resembles a ꞇ-ς ligature -- cf. ƾ) if ꞇ is used for a dental plosive.
ψ hollow bowl ≈ hollow sound + iconic | for click; graphically resembles q. Backformation of the Doke letter ψ for a true retroflex click, if a retroflex tail were added to ψ to make it consistent with other retroflex letters.
ξ is Greek x, also resembles a double (stacked) dental ꞇ-ς ligature just as ǁ is double dental ǀ.
π is Greek p for 'palate', ≈ rotated ǂ (horiz. bar for palate + 2 strokes rather than vert. bar). Doke's symbol ↆ would be appropriate at the (acoustically) flat analogue of [ψ]. ʗ, which in the IPA was ambiguous between alveolar and palatal, would also fit, as it matches palatal [c] in form.
? ϱ (≈ Latin curled p) resembles @ (typewriter substitute for ʘ), labial p, and old bilabial trill ρ.
ʗ as a retroflex click per its retroflex form. ψ with a retroflex tail isn't particularly appropriate, as acoustically the retroflex is very different from the alveolar (e.g. it's affricated). One of the problems with the pre-Kiel letters is that 'retroflex' ⟨ʗ⟩ had the shape of a retroflex but was used for the alveolar, which made transcribing actual retroflex clicks unintuitive. It may be best to reassign it to an actual retroflex, per its label, or for a palatal click, given its graphic similarity to ⟨c⟩. Thus Doke's letters ψ, ʗ are exchanged.
front lateral ꜫ as it resembles alveolar/palatal lateral ξ
ʞ per old IPA value, no need for further distinctions

Star names

List of proper names of stars
List of proper names of exoplanets
List of Arabic star names - continue fixing
Chinese star names

^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

The system occurs in the lunar station that was given the name πολις polis in a Coptic manuscript list of lunar stations, which Crum concluded were either in "debased" Greek or in a few cases Coptic equivalents of Greek names. Given that the Greeks are not known to have used lunar stations, the origin of the names is unknown.^[4] Allen's source^[5] reports the name as "Polis (= Sagittarius, particularly the Bow-stars)", translates it as "the Foal", and identifies it with the Greek word πῶλος pôlos "foal", which they identify as the Hippocentaur.^[6] But ... this station would be called κάστρον kastron "fort" in later Greek documents, corresponding to (translating?) Arabic البلدة albalda "town", (Weinstock or the writer of his letter added "= Arabic" after πολις) suggesting that Coptic-Greek πολις is to be identified with Greek πόλις "city"^[4]

^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
^ Rumrill, H. B. (June 1936). "Star Name Pronunciation". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 48 (283). San Francisco, California.
^ Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30.
^ ^a ^b See station 22 in footnote 12 in Stefan Weinstock, "Lunar Mansions and Early Calendars", Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 69, November 1949, pp. 48-69.
^ Cite error: The named reference allen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ p.33 of Robert Brown Jr, "Euphratean Stellar Researches", part V, in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology, vol. xviii, no. cxxxiv, 1896 Jan 14, pp.25–44.

Family of alphabets

Western ←		Phoenician	→ Brahmic			→ Hangul
Latin	Greek	Phoenician	Gujarati	Devanagari	Tibetan	→ Hangul	Cree
A	Α		અ	अ	ཨ
B	В		બ	ब	བ	ㅂ, ㅁ
C, G	Г		ગ	ग	ག	ㄱ, (ㆁ)	ᑯ
D	Δ		ધ (ઢ)	ध (ढ)	-
E	Ε		હ	ह	ཧ	(ㅱ)
F, V	Ϝ, Υ		વ	व	ཝ		ᐤ
Z	Ζ		દ (ડ)	द (ड)	ད (ཌ)	ㄷ, ㄴ
H	Η		ઘ	घ	-
-	Θ		થ (ઠ)	थ (ठ)	ཐ (ཋ)
I, J	Ι		ય	य	ཡ		ᔪ
K	Κ		ક	क	ཀ
L	Λ		લ	ल	ལ	ㄹ	ᓫ
M	Μ		મ	म	མ		ᒪ
N	Ν		ન	न	ན		ᓂ
-	Ξ		શ	श	ཤ
O	Ο			?
P	Π		પ, ફ	प, फ	པ, ཕ		ᐸ
-	Ϡ		સ	स	ས	ㅈ, ㅅ	ᓴ
Q	Ϙ		ખ	ख	ཁ
R	Ρ		ર	र	ར		ᕑ
S	Σ		ષ	ष	ཥ
T	Τ		ત (ટ)	त (ट)	ཏ (ཊ)		ᑕ

Barthel and Guy: A calendar on tablet C

Phonetic complements and determinatives: Guy: I think that's enough so I am commenting out the remainder

This corresponds well to the old Rapa Nui lunar calendar, which appears to have had 28 regular nights plus two intercalary nights. The connection is strengthened by the pattern of the crescents:

The days of the old calendar
*1	ata	*15	motohi
2	ari, hiro	16	kokore 1
3	kokore 1	17	kokore 2
4	kokore 2	18	kokore 3
5	kokore 3	19	kokore 4
6	kokore 4	20	kokore 5
7	kokore 5	21	tapume
8	kokore 6	22	matua
*9	maharu	*23	rongo
10	hua	24	rongo tane
11	atua	25	mauri nui
12	maure	26	mauri kero
13	ina-ira	27	mutu
14	rakau	28	tireo

*New moon, full moon, and
the first & last quarters.
Days in green are modified
crescents in the tablet.
The o- prefix of some days
has been removed.

To match the Rapa Nui lunar calendar, the first two crescents (on line Ca6) must be the night of the new moon and the following night. Now, in the old calendar, the six nights following these two nights all had the name kokore (kokore 1–6), as did the five nights following the full moon (kokore 1–5). The Mamari tablet has sequences of six and of five crescents at the proper locations to be the kokore: at the beginning (left side) of line Ca7 and at the break from Ca7 to Ca8 (right side).
The six nights in the old calendar between the kokore 6 and the full moon are broken up by the intercalary day hotu in two of the three records we have. On the tablet, the six crescents between the sequence identified above as the kokore and the full moon are also broken up into two groups of three.
The eight nights in the old calendar between kokore 5 and the new moon break naturally with the night for the third quarter, rongo, into three and five. The crescents on the tablet are also broken into groups of three and five.

There are in addition several phonetic values suggested by Guy for the glyphs (green) which appear to modify these crescents, which correspond to the old calendar:

All of the kokore crescents are unadorned; phonetic complements would not be of much use distinguishing them.
At least one crescent is modified in all other groups, where the nights have individual names.

Guy then compared possible meanings or near homonyms of the names of the other nights with Englert's Old Rapa Nui dictionary, and attempted to find correspondences with the modifying glyphs. His results were,

Night 10, hua: Per Englert, hua means 'fruit' or 'testicles', which resemble the hairy double lump hanging from crescent 10. This was perhaps used for a phonetic value hu.
Night 11, atua: This means 'god, lord'. The glyph preceding crescent 11 resembles the feathered capes emblematic of Polynesian chiefs.
Night 12, maure: Ure means 'penis, line', which resembles the glyph attached to crescent 12.
Night 23, rongo, the last quarter. Maro is a feathered garland, perhaps used for a phonetic value ro, and resembles the glyph attached to crescent 23.
Night 24, rongo tane. The preceding glyph is generally assumed to be a frigatebird, which is tavake in Rapanui. Guy suggests that it is being used as a phonetic complement ta, to distinguish rongo tane from the preceding night rongo.
Night 1, ata. Guy was not able to come up with any reading for the modifying glyph.
Night 2, ari, or o-hiro in Englert. Hiro means 'to twine (cord)', and the glyph looks like two joined garlands.

Top 100 language populations (original numbers)

NE2007 data is directly from Parkvall. NE2010 data is not.

Extended content

Language	NE 2007	NE 2010	other	notes
Mandarin	935	955	910 (2015)
Spanish	387	407	480 (2018)
English	365	359	360–400 (2006)	per Talk
Hindi+	295	311	322 (2011)	census conflation Hindustani guestimate ~250 million (2011 & 2017 censuses) + ~500 million L2 (1999–2016)
Arabic	280	293	310 (2011–2016), w 270 Classical L2
Portuguese	204	216	220 million (2012–2016)	Estimate based on 30% of Angola, but that claim is based on urban pop only.
Bengali	202	206	256 (2011 census [India][1] – 2015 [Bangl.])
Russian	160	154		110 L2
Japanese	127	126
Punjabi	95.5	102		120M 2011-2015, artificial borders
German	92.1	89	–95 (2014)	per Talk
Javanese	82.4
Wu	79.5
Indonesian/Malay	76.9			200–250 total (2009)
Telugu	75.9
Vietnamese	75.6
Korean	75.5		78 (2008–2012)
French	73.8		77 (2015 OIF)	per Talk. + 70M L2 and 70M partial
Marathi	72.9
Tamil	70
Urdu	65.6
Turkish	62.6
Italian	59.4		64 (ca. 2012)	reasonable update
Cantonese	59.2
Thai	56.2		20 (2000)	different scope; 40M L2 (2001)
Gujarati	48.9
Jin	47.6
Min Nan	46.9
Persian	45.3		60 (2009)	reasonable alt. estimate; NE may be underestimate due to reliance on falsified Uzbek census. 110M total.
Polish	40.2
Pashto	38.6		–60 (2009)	per Talk?
Kannada	38.1
Xiang	38.1
Malayalam	37.7
Sundanese	37.5
Hausa	34.5
Oriya	33.4
Burmese	33.2
Hakka	30.6
Ukrainian	30.4
Bhojpuri	28.7		40 (2001 census)	conflation w Hindi
Tagalog	27.5			45M L2 (2013)
Yoruba	27.5
Maithili	26.8		34.7 (2000–2001) [round to 1 sigfig]	conflation w Hindi
Uzbek	25.6		27 (2011–2014)	reasonable alt estimate
Sindhi	25.5
Amharic	24.8		21.8 (2007 census)	reasonable alt
Fula	24.5
Romanian	24.5		23.7 (2004–2012)	reasonable alt
Oromo	24.1		25.8 Eth (2007 census) + 0.4
Igbo	24.0
Azerbaijani	22.7		25.7 (1997–2010)	reasonable alt.
Awadhi	22.0		38.3 (2001)	conflated w Hindi
Gan Chinese	21.8
Cebuano	21.1
Dutch	20.9		21.9 (2012)	assuming Vlaams is double-counted in [nld]
Kurdish	20.6		–30 (2010 est.)	highly uncertain
Serbo-Croatian	18.8
Malagasy	18.4
Saraiki	17.2		20 (2013)	reasonable alt.
Nepali	16.8		16.2 (2001–2011 censuses)
Sinhalese	16.5
Chittagonian	15.9		–13 (2006)
Zhuang	15.9
Khmer	15.8
Assamese	15.4
Madurese	15
Somali	14.7		14.8 (2002–2009)
Marwari	14.1		22.2 (2001 census – 2007)	includes Dhundari (1.9M here and 9.6M below); 30.0 total w latter
Magahi	13.9		14 (2001 census)	conflated w Hindi
Haryanvi	13.8		13 (1992)	census conflation w Hindi
Hungarian	12.7		12.6 (2002–2012)
Chattisgarhi	12.3		17.5 (2002)	conflated w Hindi
Greek	11.9		13.4 (2012)
Chewa	11.5
Deccan	11.4
Akan	11.0
Kazakh	11.0
Min Bei	10.9
Sylheti	10.7
Zulu	10.4		12 (2011 census)
Czech	10.0		10.6 (2012)
Kinyarwanda	9.8
Dhundhari	9.6
Haitian Creole	9.6
Min Dong	9.5
Ilokano	9.1
Quechua	8.9
Kirundi	8.8
Swedish	8.7		9.2 (2012)
Hmong	8.4		3.71 (1995–2000)	different scope; Ethn. figures double-counted from change request^[1]
Shona	8.3
Uyghur	8.2		10.4 (2010 census)
Hiligaynon	8.2
Mossi	7.6
Xhosa	7.6		8.2 (2011 census)
Belarusian	7.6		3.2 (ca. 2009 census)	per Talk; NE figure demonstrably wrong
Balochi	7.6
Konkani	7.4

Turkmen entry spurious, perhaps typo. Data supports < 7M.

Swahili is 5.94M for 2012 data (4M TZ, 1M Zaire, 645k Kenya, 140k Rwanda, 40k Somalia)

Notes

^ E16 lists 1.4M for Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao, but in the change request, it's 1.4M in China, and 247k elsewhere, including Mong Njua in SE Asia and the US. But the latter figure appears to correspond to the 270k already listed for Hmong Njua outside China (310k − 40k in China). Numbers do not include Hm. Do or Hm. Don.

New phonetic alphabet

Letter	Word	1972 version[1]	BNL song	P Is for Pterodactyl	other suggestions
A	aether	aesthetic	aisle	aisle (aeon)		aye	"A" is aether across the aisles
B	bdellium	bdellium	bdellium	bdellium	bdellometer, bdellatomy	bee	"B" is a blessing with bdellium
C	czar	cyst	czar	czar (Czech)	Chanukkah, chthonic	cue	"C" is the czar celebrating Chanukkah
D	Django	djellaba	djinn ("gin")	Djibouti	Dzongkha, 'dswounds ("zounds")	double-u	"D" is a djinn dressed in a djellaba
E	Euphrates	euphemism	Euphrates	ewe (euphoric)	eye, ewe	earn	"E" is the eye of a ewe
F	ffoulkes	feign	fohn ("phone") [but dicts have "fain" or "fern"]	--	fhtagn [Lovecraft], Fe-based ['iron-based'], Felinfoel [vɛlɪnvɔɪl], FeO [wüstite]	fie	"F" is Fe₂O₃ [rust] from Felinfoel
G	gnome	gnat	gnarly	gnocchi (gnome, gnat)	gnu, gaol, gjetost	gaol	"G" is a gnome going to gaol
H	hour	heuristic	hour	heir (honest, herbalism)	honor, hlonipa, Hsi-an	hour	"H" is the herbs of Hsian
I	IHVH	ithyphallic	irk	--			"I" is irking to IHVH
J	jarlsberg	jarlsberg	jalapeño	jai alai (Juanita, Juarez, Bjorn, fajitas)		jee	"J" is jarlsberg with jalapeños
K	knickers	knickers	knick-knack	knight (knife, knave, knee)	kshatriya, ktypeite ("tipi-ite"), kvetch	knight	"K" is a knight knitting knickers
L	llama	llama	llama ("yama")	-- (palm, folks)	Llandudno, Lodz, Lancut ("wine-soot")		"L" is the llamas of Lancut
M	mnemonic	mnemonic	mnemonic	mnemonic	mnemic, Mpret ("bret")		"M" is a mnemonic for Mpret
N	Ndilo ("Deelo")	nuance	Ngomo ("Gomo")	-- (solemn, hymn, autumn)	Nguyen ("win"), Ngaio	night	"N" is the Nguyens of Ndilo
O	oestrogen	oestrogen	Ouija board	Ouija (oui, Oaxaca, leopard)	oud, oubliette	our	"O" is Oedipus operating a Ouija-board
P	psychotic	pneumonia	pneumonia, pterodactyl, psychosis	pterodactyl (Ptolemy, psychic, psoriasis)	Przewalski's horse, pseud?	pneus "news"?	"P" is a psychotic pterodactyl with pneumonia
Q	qi?	quay	qat ("cat")	quinoa (quiche, quays, Qatar)	--> dicts have "kaht", not "cat"	queue	"Q" is quaffing qat on the quay
R	Rzeszów "Zheshoof"	rhythm	"R-gyle"	--	rGyalrong "Jiarong", Rwanda		"R" is the rGyalrong of Rzeszow / Rhonda's rhythmic rendezvous in Rzeszów
S	sjambok, sugar	sjambok	Saar ("Zar")	-- (debris, isle, Arkansas)	sbirro, 'Sblood, sphere, Szechuan, Stuttgart	sea	"S" is sugar sailing down the Saar
T	Tlingit ("Klinkit")	tzar	tsunami	tsunami (Tchakovski, tchotchkes)	Tchaikovski, tmesis	tea	"T" is Tlingit tchotchkes
U	uilleann	ulema	urn	-- (guess, disguise)	uakari, Uighur, Uitlander	urn	"U" is uilleann pipes on an urn
V	veld ("felt")	veldt	vraisemblance	--	Vlach, vlei	viii	"V" is verboten veld and vlei
W	who	wrath	wren, wrinkly, who	wren (write)	wrack, wheki ("feki"), Whakatane	why	"W" is whoever wrecked Whakatane
X	Xhosa	xylophone	Xi'an	xylophone (Xavier)	Xmas		"X" is Xmas in Xhosaland
Y	ych a fi?	yttrium	yperite	-- (Yves)	Ypers ("wipers")	you	"Y" is yttrium for you
Z	Zsa Zsa	zloty	zed	Zhivago (rendezvous)	zwitterion, zhuyin	Zhou	"Z" is Zsa Zsa in zhuyin

Kelkumaj numeraloj

La grandaj numeraloj dekumaj estas 10¹ dek, 10² cent, 10³ mil; 10⁶ meg, 10⁹ gig, 10¹² ter (duiliono), 10¹⁵ pet, 10¹⁸ eks (triiliono), 10²¹ zet, 10²⁴ jot (kvariliono).

La numeraloj dekduumaj estas nul, unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, alf (A aŭ ↊), bet (B aŭ ↋), 12¹ doz (dekduuma 10), 12² groc (dekduuma 100), 12³ groceg (dekduuma 1000; dekuma 1728).

La numeraloj deksesumaj estas nul, unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, alf (A), bet (B), gam (C), delt (D), eps (E), faŭ (F), 16¹ heks (deksesuma 10), 16² zenz (deksesuma 100) (< zenzic), 16³ zenzeg (deksesuma 1000; dekuma 4096).

La bazaj numeraloj dudekumaj estas 20¹ vint (dudekuma 10 = dekuma 20), 20² bak (dudekuma 100 = dekuma 400), 20³ pik (dudekuma 1000 = dekuma 8000), kaj 20⁶ alaŭ = 1,000,000 / 64,000,000. (Ankaŭ troviĝis 20⁴ kalab = 10,000 / 160,000, 20⁵ kinĉil = 100,000 / 3,200,000.) La majaoj nombris per kvinoj kaj per dudekoj (ekz-e, 17 estis cit "trikvin du").

La sumeroj, babilonianoj kaj iliaj najbaroj uzis dekuman sistemon (dek, dudek, tridek ktp) ĝis 60, por kiu la sumeroj havis bazan vorton, geŝ, kaj la babilonianoj ŝuŝ (nuntempe internaciigita sos). De tie, oni nombris per sosoj (do, 600 estis dek sos, 1200 dudek sos, ktp) ĝis 60² = 3600, por kiu ili denove havis propran vorton, ŝar (internaciigita sar). Do oni povas nombri sesdekume per nur la numeraloj fundamentaj kaj du elbabiloniaj, sos kaj sar. La babilonianoj ankaŭ uzis numeralon ner por dek sos (600), do du ner por dudek sos (1200).

	dekuma	dekduuma	deksesuma	dudekuma	sesdekuma
X¹	dek	doz	heks	vint	sos
X²	cent	groc	zenz	bak	sar
X³	mil	groceg	zenzeg	pik	sareg
X⁶	meg	(miliuno)	(miliuno)	alaŭ	(miliuno)

Sunsistemaj astroj

grandaj

Name & symbol	Image	Mean radius	Mass	Density
Name & symbol	Image	(km)	(10²¹ kg)	(g/cm³)
Sun		695508 ± ?	1989100000	1.409
Jupiter		69911±6	1898187±88	1.3262±0.0003
Saturn		58232±6 (136775 for main rings)	568317±13	0.6871±0.0002
Uranus		25362±7	86813±4	1.270±0.001
Neptune		24622±19	102413±5	1.638±0.004
Earth		6371.0084±0.0001	5972.4±0.3	5.5136±0.0003
Venus		6052±1	4867.5±0.2	5.243±0.003
Mars		3389.5±0.2	641.71±0.03	3.9341±0.0007
Ganymede		2634.1±0.3	148.2	1.936
Titan		2574.73±0.09	134.5	1.880±0.004
Mercury		2439.4±0.1	330.11±0.02	5.4291±0.007
Callisto		2410.3±1.5	107.6	1.834±0.003
Io		1821.6±0.5	89.32	3.528±0.006
Luna		1737.5±0.1	73.46	3.344±0.005
Europa		1560.8±0.5	48.00	3.013±0.005
Triton		1353.4±0.9 (equatorial)	21.39±0.03	2.061
Pluto		1188.3±0.8	13.03±0.03	1.854±0.006
Eris		1163±6	16.6±0.2	2.52±0.07
Haumea		798±6 to 816	4.01±0.04	2.018
Titania		788.9±1.8	3.40±0.06	1.711±0.005
Rhea		763.8±1.0	2.307	1.236±0.005
Oberon		761.4±2.6 (equatorial)	3.08±0.09	1.63±0.05
Iapetus		735.6±1.5	1.806	1.088±0.013
Makemake		715+19 −11	≈ 3.1	≈ 2.1
Gonggong		615±25	1.75±0.07	1.72±0.16
Charon		606.0±0.5	1.586±0.015	1.70±0.02
Umbriel		584.7±2.8	1.28±0.03	1.39±0.16
Ariel		578.9±0.6	1.25±0.02	1.66±0.15
Dione		561.7±0.45	1.095	1.478±0.003
Quaoar		560.5±0.6	1.4±0.2	2.0±0.5
Tethys		533.0±0.7	0.617	0.984±0.003
Sedna		498±40	?
Ceres		469.7±0.1	0.938	2.17
Orcus		458±13	0.61±0.04	1.53±0.14
Salacia		423±11	0.492±0.007	1.5±0.1
2002 MS₄		400±12
2002 AW₁₉₇		384±19	–	–
Varda		373±8	0.245±0.006	1.23±0.04
2013 FY₂₇		370±40	–	–
Ixion		354.8±0.1	–	–
2003 AZ₈₄		353±12	?? 0.17	?? 1.13±0.17
Dysnomia		350±58	–	–
Varuna		334+77 −43	≈ 0.16	0.99+0.09 −0.02
2012 VP113		325±175	–	–
Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà		321±14	0.1361±0.0033	1.02±0.17
Chaos		300+70 −65	–	–
Vesta		262.7±0.1	0.259	3.46
Pallas		256±3	0.204±0.003	2.89±0.08
Enceladus		252.1±0.2	0.1080±0.0001	1.609±0.005
Miranda		235.8±0.7	0.0659±0.0075	1.2±0.15
Dziewanna		235+18 −5	–	–
Vanth		221.3±5.1	≈ 0.07	≈ 1.5
Hygiea		217±7	0.0832±0.008	1.944±0.25
Proteus		210±7	0.044	≈ 1.3
Huya		203±8	> 0.05	> 1.43
Mimas		198.2±0.25	0.03749±0.00003	1.1479±0.007
Nereid		170±25	–	–
704 Interamnia		166±3	0.038±0.013	2.0±0.7
52 Europa		152±2	0.023±0.016	1.5±0.4
Lempo		136±9	0.007±0.002	0.64±0.13
511 Davida		135±1	0.038±0.002	3.66±0.24
87 Sylvia		136±3	0.015	1.38±0.05
Hyperion		135±4	0.006	0.54±0.05
15 Eunomia		116±1	0.03	4.9
324 Bamberga		115±4	0.011	1.5±0.2
16 Psyche		111±2	0.022±0.003	3.9±0.5
7 Iris		104±3	0.014±0.001	2.7±0.3

Name & symbol
Theia

lunoj

planedetoj

D comb. (prim.)	moons		density
~660	--
642±28
525.4	--		2.362
511±4	--		2.773
458±9		--
433±8	--		3.139
393±26	251	132
335±42	(ibid.)	--
332±5	--		3.062
320	--
319±4	--		3.095
310 (est.)	--
>300	--
298±4	--		3.168
274±4			3.485
232–316	--
270±3	--		2.643
268±4	I	--	3.149
260	--
256±12		--	5.235
254±2	--		2.672
254±12	I	II	3.476
250±30	--
237±4 ?	--		3.439
234±10	--		3.059
227±3	--		2.684
223±3	--		2.924
220±43 (178±35)		--
223±10 (174±17)		--
218±3	--		2.769
216±10	--
215±3	--		3.108
211±2	--		2.442
208±3	--		3.136
205±4	--
204±2	--		2.554
202±3	--		2.576
199±2	I II III		3.127
199±6	--
199±10	--		2.386
209±5 ? (< 200 km)	--		3.065
195±3	--		2.426
192±4	--
191±3	--
190±7	--
190 (187)	I (LaFayette?)	--
190 (160)
188±2		II	2.720
188±16	--
187±2	--
187±13	Peneius	--	2.765
184±4	--
173±2	--		2.385
172±55	Pichi üñëm	--
168±1	--		2.772
ca. 170 (150)		--
164±24 (138±23)
163+33 −66 (126+25 −51 + 105+20 −42)		--
150±5		--	4.36
150 (140)
140 (113±3)		--

 148±16 + Emma-I
 145±9 --
 d=141.6 
 ca. 140
 118±2 
 121 (88×2)
 77±18 + 66 
 < 60 + < 66

(diam. uncertain)

[Kunitzsch-1] Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.

[Rumrill-2] Rumrill, H. B. (June 1936). "Star Name Pronunciation". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 48 (283). San Francisco, California.

[Davis44-3] Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30.

[Weinstock-4] See station 22 in footnote 12 in Stefan Weinstock, "Lunar Mansions and Early Calendars", Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 69, November 1949, pp. 48-69.

[allen-5] Cite error: The named reference allen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] .33 of Robert Brown Jr, "Euphratean Stellar Researches", part V, in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology, vol. xviii, no. cxxxiv, 1896 Jan 14, pp.25–44.

[7] E16 lists 1.4M for Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao, but in the change request, it's 1.4M in China, and 247k elsewhere, including Mong Njua in SE Asia and the US. But the latter figure appears to correspond to the 270k already listed for Hmong Njua outside China (310k − 40k in China). Numbers do not include Hm. Do or Hm. Don.

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