Kokudaka: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|System for determining land value in Edo-period Japan}} |
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{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}} |
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{{Nihongo|'''''Kokudaka'''''|石高}} refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Edo period|Edo-period]] [[Japan]], and expressing this value in terms of ''[[koku]]'' of rice.<ref name="nussbaum549">[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA549&dq= "Koku"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 549.</ref> |
{{Nihongo|'''''Kokudaka'''''|石高}} refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Edo period|Edo-period]] [[Japan]], and expressing this value in terms of ''[[koku]]'' of rice.<ref name="nussbaum549">[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA549&dq= "Koku"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 549.</ref> |
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One {{Lang|ja-latn|koku}} (roughly equivalent to five [[bushel]]s) was generally viewed as the equivalent of enough rice to feed one person for a year. The actual revenue or income derived from a holding varied from region to region, and depended on the amount of actual control the fief holder held over the territory in question, but averaged around 40 percent of the theoretical {{Lang|ja-latn|kokudaka}}.<ref name= Beasley>{{cite book | last = Beasley| first = William G| year = 1972 | title = The Meiji Restoration| publisher = Stanford University Press | isbn=0804708150}} pp. 14–15.</ref> |
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The amount taxation was not based on the actual quantity of rice harvested, but was an estimate based on the total economic yield of the land in question, with the value of other crops and produce converted to their equivalent value in terms of rice.<ref name=Beasley/> |
The amount of taxation was not based on the actual quantity of rice harvested, but was an estimate based on the total economic yield of the land in question, with the value of other crops and produce converted to their equivalent value in terms of rice.<ref name=Beasley/> |
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The ranking of precedence of the ''[[daimyō]]'', or feudal rulers, was determined in part by the ''kokudaka'' of the territories under their administration.<ref name="nussbaum549"/> In 1650, the total ''kokudaka'' of Japan was assessed at 26 million ''koku'', with the |
The ranking of precedence of the ''[[daimyō]]'', or feudal rulers, was determined in part by the ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kokudaka}}'' of the territories under their administration.<ref name="nussbaum549"/> In 1650, the total ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kokudaka}}'' of Japan was assessed at 26 million ''{{Lang|ja-latn|koku}}'', with the Shōgun directly controlling 4.2 million ''{{Lang|ja-latn|koku}}''.<ref name= Beasley/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Japanese historical terms]] |
[[Category:Japanese historical terms]] |
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{{Japan-hist-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:57, 16 May 2024
Kokudaka (石高) refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of koku of rice.[1]
One koku (roughly equivalent to five bushels) was generally viewed as the equivalent of enough rice to feed one person for a year. The actual revenue or income derived from a holding varied from region to region, and depended on the amount of actual control the fief holder held over the territory in question, but averaged around 40 percent of the theoretical kokudaka.[2]
The amount of taxation was not based on the actual quantity of rice harvested, but was an estimate based on the total economic yield of the land in question, with the value of other crops and produce converted to their equivalent value in terms of rice.[2]
The ranking of precedence of the daimyō, or feudal rulers, was determined in part by the kokudaka of the territories under their administration.[1] In 1650, the total kokudaka of Japan was assessed at 26 million koku, with the Shōgun directly controlling 4.2 million koku.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Koku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 549.
- ^ a b c Beasley, William G (1972). The Meiji Restoration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804708150. pp. 14–15.
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