Shiva hypothesis: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Eastmain - 19193 |
|||
| (16 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Scientific theory concerning impact events}} |
|||
The '''Shiva hypothesis''', also known as '''coherent [[catastrophism]]''', is the idea that global natural catastrophes on Earth, such as [[extinction event]]s, happen at regular intervals because of the periodic motion of the Sun in relation to the [[Milky Way]] galaxy. |
The '''Shiva hypothesis''', also known as '''coherent [[catastrophism]]''', is the idea that global natural catastrophes on Earth, such as [[extinction event]]s, happen at regular intervals because of the periodic motion of the Sun in relation to the [[Milky Way]] galaxy. |
||
==Initial proposal in 1979== |
==Initial proposal in 1979== |
||
| Line 5: | Line 6: | ||
==Later work by Rampino== |
==Later work by Rampino== |
||
Starting in 1984, [[Michael R. Rampino]] published followup research on the hypothesis. |
Starting in 1984, [[Michael R. Rampino]] published followup research on the hypothesis. Certainly Rampino was aware of Napier and Clube's earlier publication, as Rampino and Stothers' letter to ''Nature'' in 1984 references it.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Terrestrial mass extinctions, cometary impacts and the Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane| last1=Rampino|first1=Michael R|last2=Stothers|first2=Richard B|journal=Nature|volume=308|number=5961|pages=709–712|year=1984|bibcode = 1984Natur.308..709R |doi = 10.1038/308709a0 | s2cid=4256690}}</ref> |
||
In the 1990s, Rampino and Bruce Haggerty renamed Napier and Clube's Theory of Terrestrial |
In the 1990s, Rampino and Bruce Haggerty renamed Napier and Clube's Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism after [[Shiva]], the Hindu god of destruction.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rampino|first1=Michael R.|last2=Haggerty|first2=Bruce M.|title=The ?Shiva Hypothesis?: Impacts, mass extinctions, and the galaxy|journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets|date=February 1996|volume=72|issue=1–3|pages=441–460|doi=10.1007/BF00117548|bibcode = 1996EM&P...72..441R |s2cid=189901526}}</ref> In 2020, Rampino and colleagues published non-marine evidence corroborating previous marine evidence in support of the Shiva hypothesis.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/08912963.2020.1849178 |title=A 27.5-My underlying periodicity detected in extinction episodes of non-marine tetrapods |year=2020 |last1=Rampino |first1=Michael R. |last2=Caldeira |first2=Ken |last3=Zhu |first3=Yuhong |journal=Historical Biology |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=3084–3090 |doi-access= }}</ref> |
||
==Similar theories== |
==Similar theories== |
||
The Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy, rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy, could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth.<ref name="extinction">{{Cite journal |last1=Gillman |first1=M. |last2=Erenler |first2=H. |title=The galactic cycle of extinction |journal=[[International Journal of Astrobiology]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |date=2008 |doi=10.1017/S1473550408004047|bibcode=2008IJAsB...7...17G |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/11603/1/S1473550408004047a.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.384.9224}}</ref> |
The Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy, rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy, could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth.<ref name="extinction">{{Cite journal |last1=Gillman |first1=M. |last2=Erenler |first2=H. |title=The galactic cycle of extinction |journal=[[International Journal of Astrobiology]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |date=2008 |doi=10.1017/S1473550408004047|bibcode=2008IJAsB...7...17G |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/11603/1/S1473550408004047a.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.384.9224|s2cid=31391193 }}</ref> |
||
However, a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L101 |title=Testing the Link Between Terrestrial Climate Change and Galactic Spiral Arm Transit |year=2009 |last1=Overholt |first1=Andrew C. |last2=Melott |first2=Adrian L. |last3=Pohl |first3=Martin |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=705 |issue=2 |pages=L101–L103 |arxiv=0906.2777 |bibcode=2009ApJ...705L.101O |s2cid=734824 }}</ref> |
However, a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on [[Carbon monoxide#Astronomy|CO]] data has failed to find a correlation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L101 |title=Testing the Link Between Terrestrial Climate Change and Galactic Spiral Arm Transit |year=2009 |last1=Overholt |first1=Andrew C. |last2=Melott |first2=Adrian L. |last3=Pohl |first3=Martin |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=705 |issue=2 |pages=L101–L103 |arxiv=0906.2777 |bibcode=2009ApJ...705L.101O |s2cid=734824 }}</ref> |
||
The Shiva Hypothesis may have inspired yet another theory: that a brown dwarf named [[Nemesis (hypothetical star)|Nemesis]] causes extinctions every 26 million years, which varies slightly from 30 million years.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
The Shiva Hypothesis may have inspired yet another theory: that a brown dwarf named [[Nemesis (hypothetical star)|Nemesis]] causes extinctions every 26 million years, which varies slightly from 30 million years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/3427/getting-wise-about-nemesis|title=Getting WISE About Nemesis|publisher=Astrobiology Magazine|author=Leslie Mullen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314150817/http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/3427/getting-wise-about-nemesis|accessdate=11 February 2021|archive-date=2010-03-14}}</ref> |
||
== Criticism == |
|||
The idea of extinction periodicity has been criticised due to the fact that the hypothesis assumes that most or all extinction events have the same cause, when evidence suggests that extinctions are likely the result of a variety of causes that are unlikely to be cyclically induced.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Algeo |first=Thomas J |last2=Shen |first2=Jun |date=2023-09-08 |title=Theory and classification of mass extinction causation |url=https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwad237/7264266 |journal=National Science Review |language=en |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwad237 |issn=2095-5138|doi-access=free |pmc=10727847 }}</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 24: | Line 28: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979Natur.282..455N Napier and Clube's 1979 article "A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism"] |
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979Natur.282..455N Napier and Clube's 1979 article "A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism"] |
||
* [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc020298.html A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino] |
* [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc020298.html A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821180833/http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc020298.html |date=2006-08-21 }} |
||
* [http://users.tpg.com.au/users/tps-seti/crater.html Asteroid/Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions], by Michael Paine |
* [http://users.tpg.com.au/users/tps-seti/crater.html Asteroid/Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812033901/http://users.tpg.com.au/users/tps-seti/crater.html |date=2009-08-12 }}, by Michael Paine |
||
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EM%26P...72..441R The "Shiva Hypothesis": Impacts, Mass Extinctions, and the Galaxy], by Rampino and Haggerty |
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EM%26P...72..441R The "Shiva Hypothesis": Impacts, Mass Extinctions, and the Galaxy], by Rampino and Haggerty |
||
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PlR....18....6R The Shiva hypothesis: impacts, mass extinctions, and the Galaxy], by Rampino, M. R. |
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PlR....18....6R The Shiva hypothesis: impacts, mass extinctions, and the Galaxy], by Rampino, M. R. |
||
Latest revision as of 01:13, 30 April 2024
The Shiva hypothesis, also known as coherent catastrophism, is the idea that global natural catastrophes on Earth, such as extinction events, happen at regular intervals because of the periodic motion of the Sun in relation to the Milky Way galaxy.
Initial proposal in 1979
[edit]William Napier and Victor Clube in their 1979 Nature article, ”A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism”,[1] proposed the idea that gravitational disturbances caused by the Solar System crossing the plane of the Milky Way galaxy are enough to disturb comets in the Oort cloud surrounding the Solar System. This sends comets in towards the inner Solar System, which raises the chance of an impact. According to the hypothesis, this results in the Earth experiencing large impact events about every 30 million years (such as the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event).
Later work by Rampino
[edit]Starting in 1984, Michael R. Rampino published followup research on the hypothesis. Certainly Rampino was aware of Napier and Clube's earlier publication, as Rampino and Stothers' letter to Nature in 1984 references it.[2]
In the 1990s, Rampino and Bruce Haggerty renamed Napier and Clube's Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism after Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction.[3] In 2020, Rampino and colleagues published non-marine evidence corroborating previous marine evidence in support of the Shiva hypothesis.[4]
Similar theories
[edit]The Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy, rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy, could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth.[5] However, a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation.[6]
The Shiva Hypothesis may have inspired yet another theory: that a brown dwarf named Nemesis causes extinctions every 26 million years, which varies slightly from 30 million years.[7]
Criticism
[edit]The idea of extinction periodicity has been criticised due to the fact that the hypothesis assumes that most or all extinction events have the same cause, when evidence suggests that extinctions are likely the result of a variety of causes that are unlikely to be cyclically induced.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Napier, WM; Clube, SVM (1979). "A theory of terrestrial catastrophism". Nature. 282 (5738): 455–459. Bibcode:1979Natur.282..455N. doi:10.1038/282455a0. S2CID 35238984.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R; Stothers, Richard B (1984). "Terrestrial mass extinctions, cometary impacts and the Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane". Nature. 308 (5961): 709–712. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..709R. doi:10.1038/308709a0. S2CID 4256690.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Haggerty, Bruce M. (February 1996). "The ?Shiva Hypothesis?: Impacts, mass extinctions, and the galaxy". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 72 (1–3): 441–460. Bibcode:1996EM&P...72..441R. doi:10.1007/BF00117548. S2CID 189901526.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Caldeira, Ken; Zhu, Yuhong (2020). "A 27.5-My underlying periodicity detected in extinction episodes of non-marine tetrapods". Historical Biology. 33 (11): 3084–3090. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1849178.
- ^ Gillman, M.; Erenler, H. (2008). "The galactic cycle of extinction" (PDF). International Journal of Astrobiology. 7 (1): 17–26. Bibcode:2008IJAsB...7...17G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.384.9224. doi:10.1017/S1473550408004047. S2CID 31391193.
- ^ Overholt, Andrew C.; Melott, Adrian L.; Pohl, Martin (2009). "Testing the Link Between Terrestrial Climate Change and Galactic Spiral Arm Transit". The Astrophysical Journal. 705 (2): L101–L103. arXiv:0906.2777. Bibcode:2009ApJ...705L.101O. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L101. S2CID 734824.
- ^ Leslie Mullen. "Getting WISE About Nemesis". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-03-14. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ Algeo, Thomas J; Shen, Jun (2023-09-08). "Theory and classification of mass extinction causation". National Science Review. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwad237. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 10727847.
External links
[edit]- Napier and Clube's 1979 article "A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism"
- A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino Archived 2006-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
- Asteroid/Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions Archived 2009-08-12 at the Wayback Machine, by Michael Paine
- The "Shiva Hypothesis": Impacts, Mass Extinctions, and the Galaxy, by Rampino and Haggerty
- The Shiva hypothesis: impacts, mass extinctions, and the Galaxy, by Rampino, M. R.
- The correlation between mas extinctions and impacts of near-Earth objects. The review of Shiva hypothesis, by Yang Su, Yi Xia and Yanan Zhang.