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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: | image = Apolemichthys griffisi.jpg -->
| image = Corl0166 (28304650305).jpg
⚫
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| status = LC
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Pyle, R. |author2=Myers, R.F. |author3=Rocha, L.A. |author4=Craig, M.T. |date=2010 |title=''Apolemichthys griffisi'' |volume=2010 |page=e.T165822A6141673 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165822A6141673.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
⚫
| taxon = Apolemichthys griffisi
| ordo = [[Perciformes]]
| authority = ([[Bruce Carlson (ichthyologist)|Carlson]] & [[Leighton R. Taylor|L. R. Taylor]], 1981)
| familia = [[Pomacanthidae]]
| synonyms = ''Holacanthus griffisi'' <small>Carlson & Taylor, 1981</small>
| genus = ''[[Apolemichthys]]''
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{Fishbase|Apolemichthys|griffisi|month=December|year=2019}}</ref>
| species = '''''A. griffisi'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Apolemichthys griffisi''
| binomial_authority = (Carlson & Taylor, 1981)
}}
}}


'''The Griffis angelfish''', '''''Apolemichthys griffisi,''''' is a species of [[marine angelfish]] from the [[Pacific]] Ocean. It is a rarity for the species to enter the aquarium trade.
'''''Apolemichthys griffisi''''', or '''Griffis angelfish''', is a species of [[ray-finned fish]], a [[marine angelfish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Pomacanthidae]]. It is found in the [[Pacific]] Ocean. It is a rarity for the species to enter the aquarium trade.


== Description ==
== Description ==
''Apolemichthys griffisi'' has a rather greyish white or ash coloured body with a wide. black band extending from the head as far as the ventral part of the caudal peduncle, within this lies a contrasting white band. There is a large black spot on the head above the eye. The [[dorsal fin]] is largely black and the [[Anal fin|anal]] and [[pelvic fin]]s are white.<ref name = Saltcorner>{{cite web | url = http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=35&filter=0 | title = ''Apolemichthys griffisi'' | accessdate = 11 January 2021 | publisher = Bob Goemans | year = 2012 | work = Saltcorner!}}</ref> The juveniles lack the white stripe within the black band.<ref name = liveaquaria>{{cite web | url = https://www.liveaquaria.com/product/1706/?pcatid=1706. | title = Griffis Angelfish | accessdate = 11 January 2021 | website = liveaquaria.com}}</ref> The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum [[Fish measurement|total length]] of {{convert|30|cm|in}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>
An adult Griffis angelfish is an ashy white with a solid black band from the head to the lower side of the caudal peduncle, and has another contrasting white band running within the black. A quarter-sized black spot marks the back of the head, though finer black dots may also appear near the head. The dorsal fin is primarily black, while the anal and pelvic fins are white. Juvenile angelfish of this species have more contrasting colors and lack the smaller black dots.


==Distribution==
Adult angels of this species can reach 9.8 inches in length. [[Sexual dimorphism]] is not found in this species, though it is suspected that males are slightly larger.
''Apolemichthys griffisi'' has a wide distribution which extends from Southeast Asia east to the [[Line Islands]], where it has been recorded with certainty from [[Kiribati]] and maybe the [[US Outlying Islands|US Islands]]. The distribution is known to include Indonesia, Kiribati, [[Nauru]], the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />


== Habitat ==
==Habitat & biology==
''Apolemichthys griffisi'' is a species of the outer coral reef slopes, rocky ledges and drop-offs. It is normally recorded as solitary individuals, pairs or in small aggregations. It is found at depths of {{convert|10|to|100|m|ft}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> it feeds on benthic invertebrates such as [[sponge]]s, [[tunicates]] and [[crustaceans]].<ref name = Saltcorner/> It is a [[protogynous hermaphrodite]] and there is no [[sexual dimorphism]].<ref name = liveaquaria/>
This species frequents outer coral reefs, rocky ledges, and reef drop-offs between 33–361 feet below the surface. Scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean, the angels can be found anywhere from Southeast Asian coasts to the Line Islands in the Central Pacific. The Griffis are usually solitary fish, though they have been seen in pairs or small groups.


== Diet ==
==Systematics==
''Apolemichthys griffisi'' Was first formally described in 1981 as ''Holacanthus griffisi'' by Bruce Carlson and Leighton R. Taylor with the type locality given as [[Canton Island]] one of the northern [[Phoenix Islands]] in the South Pacific.
They have been observed feeding on [[sponge]]s and [[tunicate]]s, and it is theorized their diet also consists of weeds, benthic algae, and [[Benthos|zoobenthos]] due to similar feeding habits within their genus.
<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Apolemichthys | access-date = 11 January 2021}}</ref> Its [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours [[Stanton Griffis|Nixon Griffis]] (1917–1993), a conservationist who was trustee of the [[New York Zoological Society]] and a patron of the [[New York Aquarium]], and supported the Carlson and Taylor's collecting trip to Canton Island on which this species was discovered.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/acanthuriformes1/ | title =Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | accessdate = 11 January 2021 | date = 21 July 2020 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref> Within the [[genus]] ''[[Apolemichthys]]'' this species seems to be more closely related to ''[[Apolemichthys xanthotis|A. xanthotis]]'' and ''[[Apolemichthys xanthurus|A. xanthurus]]'' of the Indian Ocean.<ref name = Rowlett>{{cite web | url = https://reefs.com/2016/01/12/apolemichthys-angelfishes-part-2/ | title = Apolemichthys Angelfishes: Part 2 | author = Joe Rowlett | year = 2016 | publisher = reef.com | accessdate = 13 January 2021}}</ref>


== Reproduction ==
==Utilisation==
''Apolemichthys griffisi'' is apparently rare in the [[Fishkeeping|aquarium]] trade (is reported to be rarely exported through the aquarium trade). Most of the specimens in the trade are collected from [[Kiritimati]], Kiribati. It is reported to be one of the most expensive fishes in the trade.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />
Very little information is available for this species breeding habits as they have not been bred in any aquarium or laboratory. Generally, angelfish are broadcast spawners, in which males and females release eggs and sperm into the water column at dusk upon the females' signal and eggs are fertilized.


== Lifespan ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
While the specific lifespan of this angelfish is unknown, the average lifespan of angelfish is 10–15 years.


== Status ==
==Sources==
⚫
* Helmut Debelius, Rudie H. Kuiter, ''World Atlas of Marine Fishes'', Hollywood Import & Export, Inc., 2006
Griffis angelfish are charted on the [[IUCN Red List]] as Least Concern due to the generally large population across a wide range of the Pacific. There are no major identified major threats.
⚫
* Mark Allen, Roger Steene, Gerald R. Allen, ''A Guide to Angelfishes and Butterflyfishes'', Odyssey Publishing. 1998

⚫
* [http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/angels/GriffisAngelfish.php#Aquarium Setup Brough, Clarice. ''Griffis Angelfish'' Animal-World. Online.] Clarice Brough
== In the Aquarium ==
The species is generally considered a moderately difficult fish to keep and recommended for experienced aquarists. The true difficulty comes when looking for a healthy specimen, as the fish is rarely seen in the aquarium trade.

While considered moderately hardy, this angelfish thrives in pristine water conditions and requires a minimum tank size of 100 gallons. If the aquarist desires to keep more than one specimen or multiple species of angel fish, the tank should be over 150 gallons and specimens should be introduced at the same time. This particular angel requires lots of open space for free swimming and a moderate amount of live rock to serve as a hiding place. High quality sponge foods are required to entice the angel to eat, and should be supplemented with algae sheets and occasional treats of meaty foods. It is best to feed this angel small amounts several times a day. It is not a reef safe fish, and will consume corals, invertebrates, etc.

==References==


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2462473}}
⚫
* {{FishBase species | genus = Apolemichthys | species = griffisi| month = December| year = 2008}}
* Pyle, R., Myers, R., Rocha, L.A. & Craig, M.T. 2010. ''Apolemichthys griffisi''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2.
⚫
* Helmut Debelius, Rudie H. Kuiter, World Atlas of Marine Fishes, Hollywood Import & Export, Inc., 2006
⚫
* Mark Allen, Roger Steene, Gerald R. Allen, A Guide to Angelfishes and Butterflyfishes, Odyssey Publishing. 1998
⚫
* [http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/angels/GriffisAngelfish.php#Aquarium Setup Brough, Clarice. ''Griffis Angelfish'' Animal-World. Online.]
Clarice Brough


[[Category:Pomacanthidae]]
[[Category:Apolemichthys|griffisi]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Bruce A. Carlson]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Leighton R. Taylor]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1981]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1981]]

Latest revision as of 11:15, 22 April 2024

Apolemichthys griffisi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacanthidae
Genus: Apolemichthys
Species:
A. griffisi
Binomial name
Apolemichthys griffisi
Synonyms[2]

Holacanthus griffisi Carlson & Taylor, 1981

Apolemichthys griffisi, or Griffis angelfish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean. It is a rarity for the species to enter the aquarium trade.

Description

[edit]

Apolemichthys griffisi has a rather greyish white or ash coloured body with a wide. black band extending from the head as far as the ventral part of the caudal peduncle, within this lies a contrasting white band. There is a large black spot on the head above the eye. The dorsal fin is largely black and the anal and pelvic fins are white.[3] The juveniles lack the white stripe within the black band.[4] The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]

Distribution

[edit]

Apolemichthys griffisi has a wide distribution which extends from Southeast Asia east to the Line Islands, where it has been recorded with certainty from Kiribati and maybe the US Islands. The distribution is known to include Indonesia, Kiribati, Nauru, the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.[1]

Habitat & biology

[edit]

Apolemichthys griffisi is a species of the outer coral reef slopes, rocky ledges and drop-offs. It is normally recorded as solitary individuals, pairs or in small aggregations. It is found at depths of 10 to 100 metres (33 to 328 ft).[1] it feeds on benthic invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates and crustaceans.[3] It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and there is no sexual dimorphism.[4]

Systematics

[edit]

Apolemichthys griffisi Was first formally described in 1981 as Holacanthus griffisi by Bruce Carlson and Leighton R. Taylor with the type locality given as Canton Island one of the northern Phoenix Islands in the South Pacific. [5] Its specific name honours Nixon Griffis (1917–1993), a conservationist who was trustee of the New York Zoological Society and a patron of the New York Aquarium, and supported the Carlson and Taylor's collecting trip to Canton Island on which this species was discovered.[6] Within the genus Apolemichthys this species seems to be more closely related to A. xanthotis and A. xanthurus of the Indian Ocean.[7]

Utilisation

[edit]

Apolemichthys griffisi is apparently rare in the aquarium trade (is reported to be rarely exported through the aquarium trade). Most of the specimens in the trade are collected from Kiritimati, Kiribati. It is reported to be one of the most expensive fishes in the trade.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Rocha, L.A.; Craig, M.T. (2010). "Apolemichthys griffisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165822A6141673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165822A6141673.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Apolemichthys griffisi". FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b "Apolemichthys griffisi". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Griffis Angelfish". liveaquaria.com. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  5. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Apolemichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  6. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  7. ^ Joe Rowlett (2016). "Apolemichthys Angelfishes: Part 2". reef.com. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apolemichthys_griffisi&oldid=1220196765"