View source for MACS1149-JD1

{{Redirect|JD1|the Korean singer|Jeong Dong-won}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name               = MACS1149-JD1
| image              = Hubble and ALMA image of MACS J1149.5+2223.jpg
| caption            = Hubble and ALMA image of galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 with an inset of MACS1149-JD1
| epoch              = [[J2000]]
| constellation name = [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
| ra                 = {{RA|11|49|33.584}}
| dec                = {{DEC|+22|24|45.78}}
| z                  = {{val|9.1096|0.0006}}<ref name="Hashimoto2018">{{cite journal |title=The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |first=Takuya |last=Hashimoto |display-authors=etal |volume=557 |issue=7705 |pages=392–395 |date=May 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0117-z |bibcode=2018Natur.557..392H |arxiv=1805.05966 |pmid=29769675|s2cid=256770802 }}</ref>
| h_radial_v         = {{val|2878008|59958|u=km/s}}<ref name="Zheng2012">{{cite journal |title=A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang |journal=Nature |first=Wei |last=Zheng |display-authors=etal |volume=489 |issue=7416 |pages=406–408 |date=September 2012 |doi=10.1038/nature11446 |bibcode=2012Natur.489..406Z |arxiv=1204.2305 |pmid=22996554|s2cid=118335980 }}</ref>
| dist_ly            = {{cvt|9.311|Gpc|Gly|order=flip}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=189158504 |title=Index for [PCB2012] 3020 |work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database |accessdate=19 May 2018}}</ref> ([[comoving distance|co-moving]]) <br /> {{cvt|13.28|Gly|Gpc}}<ref name="alma20180515">{{cite press release |url=http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/alma-finds-most-distant-oxygen-in-the-universe/ |title=ALMA Finds Most-Distant Oxygen in the Universe |publisher=ALMA Observatory |first=Nicolás |last=Lira |display-authors=etal |date=15 May 2018 |accessdate=6 September 2018 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602224730/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/alma-finds-most-distant-oxygen-in-the-universe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[Distance measures (cosmology)|light travel]])
| group_cluster      = [[MACS J1149.5+2223]]
| type               = Dwarf
| mass               = {{Val|1.1|0.5|0.2|e=9}}&thinsp;<ref name="Hashimoto2018" />
| stars              = 
| appmag_v           = 26.8<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_b           = 
| absmag_v           = 
| size_v             = 0.00075 x 0.00075
| size               = 3,000 ly (diameter)
| names              = [PCB2012] 3020, [KOI2016] HFF4C-YJ1, [ZZI2017] 663<ref>{{cite simbad |title=[ZZI2017] 663 |access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref>
| references         = 
}}
'''MACS1149-JD1''' (also known as '''JD1''' and '''PCB2012 3020''') is a young [[galaxy]] that is known for being one of the farthest known galaxies from [[Earth]]. It was discovered in 2014 and confirmed in 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hashimoto |first1=Takuya |last2=Laporte |first2=Nicolas |last3=Mawatari |first3=Ken |last4=Ellis |first4=Richard S. |last5=Inoue |first5=Akio K. |last6=Zackrisson |first6=Erik |last7=Roberts-Borsani |first7=Guido |last8=Zheng |first8=Wei |last9=Tamura |first9=Yoichi |last10=Bauer |first10=Franz E. |last11=Fletcher |first11=Thomas |last12=Harikane |first12=Yuichi |last13=Hatsukade |first13=Bunyo |last14=Hayatsu |first14=Natsuki H. |last15=Matsuda |first15=Yuichi |date=May 2018 |title=The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0117-z |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=557 |issue=7705 |pages=392–395 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0117-z |pmid=29769675 |issn=0028-0836|arxiv=1805.05966 |bibcode=2018Natur.557..392H }}</ref>  The JD1 galaxy is at a [[redshift]] of about z=9.11,<ref name="Hashimoto2018" /> or about {{convert|13.28|e9ly|e9pc|abbr=unit|lk=on}} away from Earth meaning that it formed when the [[universe]] was around 500 million years old.<ref name="alma20180515" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA Telescopes Spy Ultra-Distant Galaxy - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasa-telescopes-spy-ultra-distant-galaxy/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[carbon]] and [[neon]] abundances of JD1 are below the [[Abundance of the chemical elements|solar abundance]] ratio. The under-abundance of carbon suggests recent [[star formation]] where a [[Type II supernova]] enriched the [[interstellar medium]] (ISM) with [[oxygen]], but intermediate mass stars have not yet enriched the ISM with carbon.<ref name="Auto2R-4">{{cite journal |last1=Stiavelli |first1=Massimo |title=The puzzling properties of the MACS1149-JD1 galaxy at z=9.11 |date=2023-10-13 |arxiv=2308.14696 |last2=Morishita |first2=Takahiro |last3=Chiaberge |first3=Marco |last4=Grillo |first4=Claudio |last5=Leethochawalit |first5=Nicha |last6=Rosati |first6=Piero |last7=Schuldt |first7=Stefan |last8=Trenti |first8=Michele |last9=Treu |first9=Tommaso|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=957 |issue=2 |pages=L18 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad0159 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ApJ...957L..18S }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}
</ref>

Due to a lack of [[Stellar population#Population II stars|old population stars]] detected, JD1 is probably a young [[galaxy]].<REF name="Auto2R-4"/>

==See also==
* [[CEERS-93316]]
* [[GLASS-z12]]
* [[HD1 (galaxy)|HD1 galaxy]]
* [[List of the most distant astronomical objects]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|MACS1149-JD1}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer20120919.html NASA Telescopes Spy Ultra-Distant Galaxy]

[[Category:Leo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Dwarf galaxies]]