View source for Ictavirus acipenseridallo2

{{Short description|Species of virus}}
{{Virusbox
| name = Ictavirus acipenseridallo2
| parent = Ictalurivirus
| species = Ictavirus acipenseridallo2
| synonyms = 
* white sturgeon herpesvirus 2
* Acipenserid herpesvirus 2
* AciHV-2
}}

'''''Ictavirus acipenseridallo2''''' (AciHV-2) is a virus in the genus ''[[Ictalurivirus]]'', family ''[[Alloherpesviridae]]'', and order ''[[Herpesvirales]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330100806/https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)}}</ref> It infects sturgeon of the family ''[[Acipenseridae]]''.

== Background ==
Initial isolation of the virus came from the ovarian fluid of healthy adult sturgeon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watson |first=L. R. |last2=Yun |first2=S. C. |last3=Groff |first3=J. M. |last4=Hedrick |first4=R. P. |date=1995 |title=Characteristics and pathogenicity of a novel herpesvirus isolated from adult and subadult white sturgeon Acipensertransmontanus |url=http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v22/n3/p199-210/ |journal=Diseases of Aquatic Organisms |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.3354/dao022199 |issn=0177-5103}}</ref> Further isolation of the virus came in the form of skin lesions from subadult sturgeons which underwent high levels of [[morbidity]] and mortality.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hanson |first=L. |title=Alloherpesviruses of Fish |date=2016 |work=Aquaculture Virology |pages=153–172 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128015735000097 |access-date=2024-03-27 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00009-7 |isbn=978-0-12-801573-5 |last2=Doszpoly |first2=A. |last3=van Beurden |first3=S.J. |last4=de Oliveira Viadanna |first4=P.H. |last5=Waltzek |first5=T.}}</ref>

== Genome ==
[[DNA sequencing|Genomic sequencing]] of the species shows similarities with other species in genus ''[[Ictalurus]]'' even though host species are different for the species and other viral species in the genus. AciHV-2 is a novel virus for sturgeon. [[Whole genome sequencing|Whole-genome sequencing]] found it to have around 134 [[Kilo-base pair|kb]] and [[Real-time polymerase chain reaction|quantitative PCR]] found it to have low [[Homology (biology)|homology]] with other such [[Pathogen|pathogens]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Cardé |first=E. M. Q. |last2=Anenson |first2=K. |last3=Waldbieser |first3=G. |last4=Brown |first4=C. T. |last5=Griffin |first5=M. |last6=Henderson |first6=E. |last7=Yun |first7=S. |last8=Soto |first8=E. |date=2024 |title=Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 genome and partial validation of a qPCR for its detection in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus |url=https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v157/p45-59/ |journal=Diseases of Aquatic Organisms |language=en |volume=157 |pages=45–59 |doi=10.3354/dao03768 |issn=0177-5103}}</ref>

[[Gene structure]] of AciHV-2 shows high degrees of [[synteny]] with [[Ictavirus ictaluridallo1|IcHV-1]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Doszpoly |first=A. |last2=Somogyi |first2=V. |last3=LaPatra |first3=S. E. |last4=Benkő |first4=M. |date=2011 |title=Partial genome characterization of acipenserid herpesvirus 2: taxonomical proposal for the demarcation of three subfamilies in Alloherpesviridae |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00705-011-1108-7 |journal=Archives of Virology |language=en |volume=156 |issue=12 |pages=2291–2296 |doi=10.1007/s00705-011-1108-7 |issn=0304-8608}}</ref> [[BLAST (biotechnology)|BlastX programs]] for showing similarities between gene sequences between AciHV-2 and [[Ictavirus ictaluridallo1|IcHV-1]] each counterpart for each gene sequence for [[Open reading frame|open reading frames]] in the respective species showed a counterpart to the other.<ref name=":1" />

== Pathology ==
High mortality rates for sturgeons was accompanied by erratic swimming and skin lesions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Soto |first=E. |last2=Richey |first2=C. |last3=Stevens |first3=B. |last4=Yun |first4=S. |last5=Kenelty |first5=K. |last6=Reichley |first6=S. |last7=Griffin |first7=M. |last8=Kurobe |first8=T. |last9=Camus |first9=A. |date=2017 |title=Co-infection of Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) and Streptococcus iniae in cultured white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus |url=http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v124/n1/p11-20/ |journal=Diseases of Aquatic Organisms |language=en |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=11–20 |doi=10.3354/dao03108 |issn=0177-5103}}</ref> [[Bleeding|Hemorrhaging]] has also been observed along with [[necrosis]] in the kidney, spleen and liver.<ref name=":2" /> Characteristics to [[herpesvirus]] showed sturgeon with skin lesions which eventually lead to necrosis. Lesions were only seen on the external side of the fish with no evidence of lesions internally in the main organs.<ref name=":2" />

AciHV-2 had several episodes of [[Epizootic|epizootics]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Herpesvirales}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q18965131}}

[[Category:Alloherpesviridae]]


{{Virus-stub}}